Phytochemistry (extraction, identification and measurement of active components)
Z. Cheraghi; M. Yousefi; Z. Habibi; S. Ghasemi
Abstract
Nepeta is one of the most important genus from the fam. lamiaceae with more than 280 species. In this study, N. haussknechtii Bornm. was collected at the flowering stage from Ardabil province, Iran and its chloroform extract was prepared. The chloroform crude extract was subjected to the successive column ...
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Nepeta is one of the most important genus from the fam. lamiaceae with more than 280 species. In this study, N. haussknechtii Bornm. was collected at the flowering stage from Ardabil province, Iran and its chloroform extract was prepared. The chloroform crude extract was subjected to the successive column chromatography on the silica gel using n-hexane–ethyl acetate solvent gradient to yield 29 fractions. Further purification of the fraction No.5 resulted in the isolation of one known steroid namely β-sitosterol (1). In addition, the known triterpenoid oleanolic acid (2) was identified from the purification of the more polar fraction No.9. The compounds were assigned by the mass spectrometry, IR, 1H NMR, 13C NMR, DEPT, and 1H1H COSY. Finally, the structures of compounds were confirmed by comparison of the spectral data with those described in the literature.
S. Ghasemi; Z. Habibi; F. Rezaalizadeh Rooshan
Abstract
In this study, the chloroform extract of Ferula ovina (fam. Apiaceae) stems was investigated. The plants were collected at the flowering stage from Tehran province (Damavand), Iran. The extract was purified using column chromatography on silica gel with a solvent gradient of n-hexane-ethyl acetate and ...
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In this study, the chloroform extract of Ferula ovina (fam. Apiaceae) stems was investigated. The plants were collected at the flowering stage from Tehran province (Damavand), Iran. The extract was purified using column chromatography on silica gel with a solvent gradient of n-hexane-ethyl acetate and yielded 12 fractions. Further purification of the fractions resulted in the isolation and identification of four monoterpenoid ester derivatives named tschimgine (1), (1S,2R,4S)-1,7,7-trimethylbicyclo[2.2.1]heptan-2-yl 4-methoxy benzoate (2), (1S,2R,4S)-1,7,7-trimethylbicyclo[2.2.1]heptan-2-yl 4-hydroxy-3-methoxy benzoate (3) and stylosin (4). So far, no report has been found on the isolation and structure identification of the compound No.2. The structure of the compounds was determined by spectroscopic analysis andfinally confirmed by comparison of their spectral data, melting points, and optical rotations with those described in the literature.
T. Fathi; M.J. Seghatoleslami; R. Yari; F. Nakhaei
Abstract
To compare some ecomorphological, phenological and phytochemical properties of common mallow (Malva sylvestris L.) in two regions Ferdows and Tabas, three habitats from each region were randomly selected and studied in 2018. Soil analysis of the habitats indicated the growth of the plant in sandy loam ...
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To compare some ecomorphological, phenological and phytochemical properties of common mallow (Malva sylvestris L.) in two regions Ferdows and Tabas, three habitats from each region were randomly selected and studied in 2018. Soil analysis of the habitats indicated the growth of the plant in sandy loam soils. On the other hand, the soil of these two habitats was alkaline with low salinity. Soil lime content was higher than crop soils. The results of phenological studies also showed that in Ferdows, this plant grows in early April and blooms in June. Then the seeds begin to ripen in late October and fall in late November. In Tabas, the plant begins to grow in the second half of March, flowers in May and flowering continues until early autumn. The seeds start to ripen in the second half of August and fall in early November. In Ferdows and Tabas, the recession period of plant activities coincided with dryness of the environment and the onset of the cold season, respectively. Phytochemical analysis of leaves, flowers, seeds, and stems extracts of the plant in two regions showed the presence of alkaloids, tannins, flavonoids, emodol or emodine, saponins, carbohydrates, starch, sterols, steroids, anthocyanosides, and cumarins in low to high amounts in each organ of the plant. Anthracenoside was not found in any of the three ethanol, aqueous and ether extracts. Also, four phenolic acids (linoleic, linolenic, synergic, and paracomaric acids) were detected by thin-layer chromatography (TLC) in seeds, stems, flowers, and leaves of the plant in both areas. The results also showed that the anthocyanin content of the leaves decreased with increasing the region's altitude.
Y. Sepahi Sarjo; S.M. Mousavu Nik; M. Galavi; A. Ghanbari; A.Sh. Raissi; F. Nosrati
Abstract
Didar (Euphorbia tirucalli L.) from the family Euphorbiaceae, is a perennial succulent shrub with broad branched and round branches. Environmental factors are one of the most important factors affecting qualitative and quantitative traits in medicinal plants. In this study, Didar was studied in different ...
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Didar (Euphorbia tirucalli L.) from the family Euphorbiaceae, is a perennial succulent shrub with broad branched and round branches. Environmental factors are one of the most important factors affecting qualitative and quantitative traits in medicinal plants. In this study, Didar was studied in different habitats of Sistan and Baluchestan province in terms of some morphological, physiological, soil, and phytochemical characteristics. This study was conducted as a nested design and Duncan's least significant differences test at 5% level with completely randomized design with three replications using field survey and included some cities: 1- Hichan district from Nikshahr city (Kalat, Hesarak and Hashtik villages), 2- Rask city (Firoozabad, Jangal and Parood villages) and 3- Sarbaz city (Hit, Kishkour and Pirdan villages). The results showed that there was a significant difference between all the studied traits among cities and regions. In this study, morphological traits had the highest amount in Nikshahr city and the lowest height and number of branches belonged to Sarbaz city, indicating that the vegetative growth of this shrub decreases with increasing altitude. The soil studied in Nikshahr city regions was more favorable than other areas in terms of key elements such as phosphorus and potassium. The highest levels of 1- chlorophylls a and b and carotenoids and 2- proline and flavonoids were measured in spring and summer, respectively, but the highest amount of anthocyanin was observed in different cities variably. The highest amounts of 1- chlorophylls a and b and 2- carotenoids and anthocyanin were measured in Sarbaz and Rask cities, respectively. The highest amount and number of active ingredients of leachates of this plant were observed in summer.
S. Hossein Jafari; A. Saadatfar
Abstract
Black caraway, Bunium persicum (Boiss.) B. Fedtsch., belonging to the Apiaceae family, is one of the most important medicinal plants in Iran. In this study, genetic and phytochemical relationships were investigated among some populations of this plant using ISSR markers and GC-MS method in Yazd and Kerman ...
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Black caraway, Bunium persicum (Boiss.) B. Fedtsch., belonging to the Apiaceae family, is one of the most important medicinal plants in Iran. In this study, genetic and phytochemical relationships were investigated among some populations of this plant using ISSR markers and GC-MS method in Yazd and Kerman habitats. In order to study genetics using 10 ISSR primers, sampling of the fresh plant leaves was done. DNA was extracted using CTAB method. To investigate phytochemicals, the essential oil was extracted from black caraway seeds using hydrodistillation method and Clevenger apparatus. According to the results, ISSR-13 primer had better performance with 40 bands, the highest amounts of PIC (0.39), and Marker Index (15.6). Cluster analysis using Jacquard's coefficient and UPGMA algorithm divided the four black caraway populations of the two provinces into six groups. Principal coordinates analysis showed that three components explained 60.56% of total variance and completely separated the populations. The results of this analysis were consistent with cluster analysis and geographical distribution of samples. Based on the GC-MS results, 13 and 16 compounds were identified in Yazd and Kerman habitats, respectively. The compounds α-pinene, β-pinene, ρ-cymene, limonene, γ-terpinene, and cuminaldehyde were identified as the same and main compounds between Yazd and Kerman habitats. Based on the results of cluster analysis of phytochemical parameters and location of the habitats Sirjan (Kerman province), Mehriz and Ardekan (Yazd province) in one cluster and Sirch in a separate cluster, it can be concluded that grouping based on essential oil compounds does not correspond with genetic grouping and geographical distance in the natural habitats.
M. Naderi Haji Bager Candi; M.B. Rezaee
Volume 20, Issue 3 , October 2004, , Pages 377-383
Abstract
Echium amoenum is one of the most important and faimous medicinal plant which people used sonce acient times. In our country (Iran), this plant can be grown in different state like Gilan, Maazndran province and also on high montaines between Ardubil and Astra. ...
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Echium amoenum is one of the most important and faimous medicinal plant which people used sonce acient times. In our country (Iran), this plant can be grown in different state like Gilan, Maazndran province and also on high montaines between Ardubil and Astra. In this Research, Flower Echium amoenum collected and dried from the rasearch station of Alamot (near Ghazwin city) for phytochemical investigation. The compounds were extracted by percolasium method.Then for identification of compound we used different methods to find out flavonoides, tannins, saponines Alkaloid and Phenolic compounds in plant. our primer investigation showed flavonides, saponines and phenolic compounds, but no Alcaloides total tannines compounds are present on the extracte.
