Agriculture and horticulture
Z. Azimzadeh; A. Hassani; B. Abdollahi Mandoulakani; E. Sepehr
Abstract
Oregano (Origanum vulgare L.) is a perennial herbaceous plant belonging to the fam. lamiaceae that is used as a spice for flavoring foods and also for medicinal purposes as carminative, diaphoretic, expectorant, sedative, stomachic, diuretic, antitussive, and antirheumatic. To evaluate the effects of ...
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Oregano (Origanum vulgare L.) is a perennial herbaceous plant belonging to the fam. lamiaceae that is used as a spice for flavoring foods and also for medicinal purposes as carminative, diaphoretic, expectorant, sedative, stomachic, diuretic, antitussive, and antirheumatic. To evaluate the effects of salinity stress on some growth and physiological parameters, essential oil content, and nutrients absorption in two oregano subspecies, a factorial pot experiment was conducted in a completely randomized design with three replications. The experimental factors included two subspecies of oregano (ssp. vulgare and ssp. gracile) and salinity stress at four levels (0, 25, 50, and 100 mM of NaCl). The results showed that the salinity stress had a significant effect on the measured parameters. With increasing the salinity level, the growth characteristics (plant height, stem diameter, number of leaves, and dry matter yield), leaf relative water content (RWC), chlorophyll index (SPAD), percentage and essential oil yield, N, P, and K content and K/Na ratio in leaves and roots decreased, while Na and Cl content in leaves and roots of both subspecies increased. The two subspecies response to the different levels of salinity stress was different. The higher Na accumulation in the roots and higher K/Na ratio in the leaves compared to the roots indicated the ability of oregano subspecies to limit the transfer and accumulation of Na+ ions in their shoots. Overall, the findings of this study showed that the ssp. vulgare had higher tolerance to the salinity stress than ssp. gracile due to the less accumulation of Na and Cl ions, higher K/Na ratio, and lower reduction in chlorophyll index and dry matter yield.
I. Rasaee; M. Ghannadnia; S. Baghshahi
Abstract
Recent advances in the biological sciences have become particularly important because they are the basis for some related sciences such as agriculture, medicine, pharmacology, biotechnology, and even bionanotechnology. In this study, the effect of different salinity treatments (0, 50, 100, and 150 µM) ...
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Recent advances in the biological sciences have become particularly important because they are the basis for some related sciences such as agriculture, medicine, pharmacology, biotechnology, and even bionanotechnology. In this study, the effect of different salinity treatments (0, 50, 100, and 150 µM) on Hyssopus officinalis L. and the properties of silver nanoparticles) Ag NPs) biosynthesized using these under-salinity stress plants leaves extract were investigated. The color change of the solutions, surface plasmon resonance at 450 nm and X-ray diffraction pattern confirmed the biosynthesis of Ag NPs. Field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM) images showed that most of the nanoparticles were spherical, with few angular shapes visible in 50 and 100 µM treatments. Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) results revealed the participant functional groups of the plant extract in the biosynthesis process such as OH, CO, =CH and C=C. The 50 µM salinity treatment had the highest effect on increasing plant metabolites. The smallest nanoparticles (25.3 nm and spherical) were related to the control treatment. Some nanoparticles biosynthesized using the extract obtained from 150 µM salinity treatment were angular in shape with 34.2 nm in size and showed the highest antibacterial properties. Gram-negative bacteria were more sensitive to Ag NPs than the gram-positive ones. These results, following our previous research, revealed for the first time the effect of salinity treatments on the properties of Ag NPs biosynthesized using hyssop extract. The present results can provide an interesting background for Ag NPs biosynthesis that can be a good alternative to antibiotics.
M.A. Shahraki; A. Emamjomeh; M. Valizadeh; L. Fahmideh
Abstract
Cynara scolymus L. is an economically valuable medicinal plant, but salinity can limit the regions under cultivation of this crop. Therefore, identifying the appropriate tissue culture method for this plant can be useful for selecting salinity tolerant cultivars. This research was carried out with the ...
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Cynara scolymus L. is an economically valuable medicinal plant, but salinity can limit the regions under cultivation of this crop. Therefore, identifying the appropriate tissue culture method for this plant can be useful for selecting salinity tolerant cultivars. This research was carried out with the aim of identifying the appropriate explant and method for tissue culture of this plant as the first step to produce tolerant cultivars in future projects. In this study, firstly, sterile seedlings of plant seeds were prepared. Then, the terminal meristem was selected as a suitable explant during a pre-test and evaluated in vitro to study salinity tolerance with five different concentrations of sodium chloride (0, 20, 40, 60, and 80 mM) in a completely randomized design with three replications. This research was performed in the medicinal plants research center of Sistan and Baluchistan University in 2017. Salinity reduced some morphological traits (stem length, root length, shoot and root fresh and dry weight) of seedlings grown from terminal meristem explant. As the concentration of sodium chloride increased to 60 and 80 mM, the amount of soluble sugars and proline increased. The lowest amount of soluble sugars (33 mg g-1 dry weight) and proline (50 µM) was related to zero and 20 mM sodium chloride concentrations, respectively. The results indicate that this plant is sensitive to different levels of salinity, although it is somewhat tolerant to low and moderate levels of salinity.
F. Najafi; S. Mehrabian; R. Khavari-Nejad; Y. Ghorbani
Abstract
In the present study, the effects of different concentrations of NaCl (0, 15, 30, 45, 60, 75 and 100mM) were investigated on some physiological parameters and antibacterial activities of dill (Anethum graveolens L.). Ten-days-old seedlings, prepared in sterilized petri dishes, were transferred into pots ...
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In the present study, the effects of different concentrations of NaCl (0, 15, 30, 45, 60, 75 and 100mM) were investigated on some physiological parameters and antibacterial activities of dill (Anethum graveolens L.). Ten-days-old seedlings, prepared in sterilized petri dishes, were transferred into pots containing washed sand and irrigated with Hoagland nutrient solution. Pots were located in a growth chamber (at 25°C for 16h in light and 18°C for 8h in darkness) and after certain growth period, plants were harvested for analyses. For antibacterial analyses, the plants were treated throughout flowering and fruit production stages. Results showed that in all treated plants, proline content was increased and photosynthetic pigments were decreased in high concentrations of NaCl. Also, the studies on growth factors showed that in dill, these parameters were affected by NaCl. Studies on antibacterial activities showed that in most of the cases, the zone of inhibition was increased by increasing of salt concentration and the antibacterial effect of extract was significant in high concentrations. Of course, choosing the best way and solute for preparing the extract is important for reaching a noticeable antibacterial effect.
M. Moosavy; N. Shavisi
Abstract
Listeria monocytogenes is an important food-borne pathogen and its control in foods is a significant challenge. This study evaluated the effectiveness of Mentha spicata essential oil on limitingL. monocytogenes growth at different temperatures (4, 9 and 14°C), pH (5, 6 and 7) and NaCl concentrations ...
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Listeria monocytogenes is an important food-borne pathogen and its control in foods is a significant challenge. This study evaluated the effectiveness of Mentha spicata essential oil on limitingL. monocytogenes growth at different temperatures (4, 9 and 14°C), pH (5, 6 and 7) and NaCl concentrations (0, 1, 2 and 4 g/100mL). Chemical constituents of the M. spicata essential oil were identified by gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC/MS). The susceptibility of bacterium was performed by the minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) using the micro-broth dilution technique. The major detected components were carvone (78.76%), limonene (11.50%) and menthol (1%). The MIC value of essential oil was 160µl/mL. The results obtained showed that the effectiveness of M. spicata was pronounced by increasing of salt and temperature and decreasing pH. In conclusion, the encouraging results indicated that the essential oil of M. spicata might be exploited as natural preservative for the control of L. monocytogenes.
Z. Rahimi; M. Kafi; A. Nezami; H.R. Khozaie
Abstract
Purslane (Portulaca oleracea L.) is an annual salt-tolerant species, which could be considered as vegetable, fodder or medicinal plant in saline conditions. Silicon is the second mineral element in the earth's crust after oxygen. Although its role is not so clear in plant nutrition, silicon has positive ...
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Purslane (Portulaca oleracea L.) is an annual salt-tolerant species, which could be considered as vegetable, fodder or medicinal plant in saline conditions. Silicon is the second mineral element in the earth's crust after oxygen. Although its role is not so clear in plant nutrition, silicon has positive effects on plant's yield and resistance to biotic and abiotic stresses. In order to study the effects of salinity and silicon application on some morphophysiologic parameters of purslane (Portulaca oleracea L.), a greenhouse experiment was conducted at Ferdowsi University of Mashhad in a split-plot arrangement based on completely randomized block design with 3 replications during summer 2008. Four salinity levels of NaCl (0.6, 7, 14, 21dS/m) were in main plots and two silicon levels (application of one mMol sodium silicate and not application) allocated to the subplots. The results showed that salinity up to 14 dS/m did not impose any significant differences in fresh and dry weight of leaves and stem, number of leaves, branches, leaf area index, specific leaf area and height of main stem compared with control but at 21 dS/m salinity all the above mentioned parameters decreased significantly, while specific leaf weight increased with increasing salinity. Application of silicon had a positive effect on number of leaves per plant, leaf area index and height of main stem. The results indicated that purslane (Portulaca oleraceae L.) could sufficiently tolerate saline conditions and can be considered as a medicinal plant in saline soils and arid regions. Also silicon application may improve plant's yield and tolerance to environmental stresses.
