M.T. Ebadi; M. Azizi; R. Omidbaigi; M. Hassanzadeh khayyat
Abstract
In order to study the effect of sowing date and harvest frequency on flower yield, essential oil percent and composition of chamomile (Matricaria recutita L.) CV. Presov, prepared from Slovakia, an experiment was conducted. The experiment was split-plot method based on randomized complete block design ...
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In order to study the effect of sowing date and harvest frequency on flower yield, essential oil percent and composition of chamomile (Matricaria recutita L.) CV. Presov, prepared from Slovakia, an experiment was conducted. The experiment was split-plot method based on randomized complete block design (RCBD) with three replications. Main plots consisted of three sowing dates (6th Nov, 5th Mar, and 4th Apr) and sub-plots included three harvest frequencies (first, second and third). Evaluated traits were dry flower yield, essential oil percentage and yield, yield of b-farnesene, a-bisabolol oxide B, a-bisabolol, chamazulene, a-bisabolol oxide A. The results showed that sowing date, harvest frequency and their interaction had significant effect on these parameters. Based on the results, the most dry flower yield (40 g/m2) was obtained from the second harvest of 6th November. Also the highest essential oil content (0.72 percent w/w), essential oil yield (0.26 g/m2) and a-bisabolol yield (0.2375 g/m2) were obtained from the second harvest of March and the most chamazulene yield (0.0473 g/m2) was obtained from the third harvest of March that it had a little difference with second harvest. According to the results, the best chamomile quality was attained in second harvest of March sowing date in Mashhad condition.
M.T. Ebadi; M. Azizi; R. Omidbaigi; M. Hassanzadeh Khayyat
Abstract
In this research, the effect of sowing date and seeding level on flower yield, essential oil and chamazulene content of chamomile (Matricaria recutita L.) CV. Presov, purchased from Slovakia, was studied. The experimental was split-plot in the basic of randomized complete blocked design (RCBD) with three ...
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In this research, the effect of sowing date and seeding level on flower yield, essential oil and chamazulene content of chamomile (Matricaria recutita L.) CV. Presov, purchased from Slovakia, was studied. The experimental was split-plot in the basic of randomized complete blocked design (RCBD) with three replications. Main plots consisted of three sowing dates (6 Nov., 5 Mar. and 4 Apr.) and sub-plots included three seeding levels (0.2, 0.4 and 0.8 g/m2). Evaluated traits were plant height, number of plants in plot, diameter of flower, fresh and dry flower yield, essential oil yield, essential oil and chamazulene percent. The results showed that sowing date had significant effect but seeding levels had only significant effect on number of plants in plot and essential oil yield. There are significant effects between sowing date and seeding level as measured traits are concerned. Based on the results, highest plant (47.4 cm), the most number of plants in plot (135.4 plants), the most fresh and dry flower yield (749.1 and 175.1 g/m2) were obtained from the plants which sown on 6 of Nov. but highest percentage of essential oil and chamazulene (0.59 and 5.62 percent respectively) and essential oil yield (0.79 g/m2) was obtained from the plants which sown on 5 of Mar. According to the results of their interaction, highest plant (49.7 cm), the most yield of wet and dry flower yield (810 and 198.2 g/m2) were obtained from the plots which sown on 6 of Nov. with 0.8 g/m2 but the most essential oil and chamazulene content (0.63 and 5.9 w/w percent respectively) and essential oil yield (0.97 g/m2) was obtained from the plots that were sown on 5 of Mar. with 0.4 g/m2. According to the results, the most suitable sowing date and seeding level in Mashhad condition is 5th Mar. with 0.4 g/m2 seeds.
M. Azizi; M. Rahmati; T. Ebadi; M. Hasanzadeh khayyat
Abstract
Field experiment was carried out at the Ferdowsi University Research Field, Mashhad, Iran during 2007-2008, to determine the effect of different drying temperatures, microwave powers and natural method (shaded and sunny area) in Chamomile (Matricaria recutita L., Asteraceae) essential oil content, chamazolene ...
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Field experiment was carried out at the Ferdowsi University Research Field, Mashhad, Iran during 2007-2008, to determine the effect of different drying temperatures, microwave powers and natural method (shaded and sunny area) in Chamomile (Matricaria recutita L., Asteraceae) essential oil content, chamazolene content, drying time and drying rate. The experimental design was completely randomized block design having three temperatures: 50, 60 and 70 °C, six microwave powers: 100, 180, 300, 450, 600 and 900w and drying in shaded and sunny area, replicated thrice. The drying process was continued until the mass of the sample reduced to a moisture content of about 0.10 on a dry basis or 10% on a wet basis. The results indicate that different treatments of drying had a significant effect on the drying time and rate and essential oil and chamazolene content. The maximum essential oil content obtained at drying by the lowest temperatures and drying in shaded area. Whereas, higher drying temperatures of oven and microwave powers and drying in sunny area decreased the essential oil content. Maximum chamazolene content obtained at microwave drying (except 100w power) and natural method. Minimum chamazolene content was obtained at drying by oven.
M. Azizi; F. Rezwanee; M. Hassanzadeh Khayat; A. Lackzian; H. Neamati
Volume 24, Issue 1 , May 2008, , Pages 82-93
Abstract
German chamomile (Matricaria recutita) is one of the most important essential oil bearing plants that its essential oil constituent (Chamazulene, Bisabolol and Bisabolol oxide A, B) is used in different medicinal industries. In this research, effect of different levels of vermicompost and irrigation ...
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German chamomile (Matricaria recutita) is one of the most important essential oil bearing plants that its essential oil constituent (Chamazulene, Bisabolol and Bisabolol oxide A, B) is used in different medicinal industries. In this research, effect of different levels of vermicompost and irrigation was evaluated on morphological characteristics and essential oil content of “Goral” an improved German chamomile. The research was conducted in pot and greenhouse system. The treatments included four amounts of vermicompost (0, 5, 10 and 15% w/w) and three irrigation regimes (2 mm per week, 4mm per 2 weeks and 2 mm per 2 weeks). The studied factors were flower dry yield, plant height, flowering time, anthodia height, anthodia diameter, oil content (%) and essential oil yield. The results indicated that the vermicompost application improved plant height, early flowering, flowers dry weight, anthodia height and diameter significantly. Irrigation also affects plant height, flower dry weight and flowering time significantly and 2mm irrigation per two weeks was the best method and 2mm irrigation per week increased anthodia height and diameter significantly. The interactions between vermicompost and irrigation was significant as plant height (64.82 cm), flowers dry weight(7.84 gr per pot) and flowering time (35.5 days) as concerned and the best treatments was 15% vermicompost and irrigation 2mm per two weeks. The highest essential oil yield detected in 10% vermicompost and irrigation 4mm per two weeks (2.23 mg/pot). According to the results, it appears that 15% vermicompost plus 2 mm irrigation per two weeks was the best treatment to produce the flower yield in Goral cultivar of German chamomile in organic system.
