Biotechnology
S.M. Mostafavi; M.R. Abdollahi; D. Dastan; H. Sarikhani
Abstract
Caper (Capparis spinosa L.) is a rich source of rutin, plays an essential role in human health. In the present study, the effects of cold (25°C as control, 4°C, and 7°C for 2, 4, and 7 days), heat (25°C as control, 30°C for 14 days, 32°C for 2 and 4 days, and 35°C for 8 hours), ...
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Caper (Capparis spinosa L.) is a rich source of rutin, plays an essential role in human health. In the present study, the effects of cold (25°C as control, 4°C, and 7°C for 2, 4, and 7 days), heat (25°C as control, 30°C for 14 days, 32°C for 2 and 4 days, and 35°C for 8 hours), and carbohydrate treatments on the androgenesis efficiency were studied in the anther culture of caper. Also, the effects of maltose and sucrose at the concentrations of 30 and 60 g L-1 in combination with two temperature treatments (1- 30°C for 14 days and 2- 7°C for 7 days + azacytidine and 2,4-D pretreatments) on the androgenesis induction was evaluated. The temperature and carbohydrate treatments showed statistically significant differences (p < /em>≤0.01) in terms of callus and embryo formation. The 7°C for 2, 4, and 7 days produced the highest percentage (at the third week: 80, 78.34, and 76.67%, respectively) and callogenesis speed (7.85, 7.75, and 7.60 calli week-1, respectively) and the 7°C for 7 days produced the highest embryo production (0.57 embryo anther-1). The 30°C for 14 days treatment showed the highest percentage (at the third week: 100%) and callogenesis speed (9.44 calli week-1). While the 32°C for 2 and 3 days and also 30°C for 14 days produced the highest number of embryos per anther (0.22, 0.20, and 0.18 embryo, respectively). The use of 30 g L-1 maltose in combination with the 30°C for 14 days produced the highest percentage (at the third week: 91.66%) and callogenesis speed (8.94 calli week-1), while the 30 g L-1 maltose in combination with the 7°C for 7 days + azacytidine and 2,4-D pretreatments produced the highest mean embryo number per anther (0.55 embryo). The results of this research are of great importance for the use in the caper breeding programs.
S.F. Borgheei; H. Sarikhani; M. Chaichi; A. Kashi
Abstract
In vitro induction of polyploidy using mutation agents is one of the medicinal plant breeding methods which has been employed to increase potential of secondary metabolites production. In this research, in order to induce polyploidy in lemon balm (Melissa officinalis L.), in vitro regenerated explants ...
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In vitro induction of polyploidy using mutation agents is one of the medicinal plant breeding methods which has been employed to increase potential of secondary metabolites production. In this research, in order to induce polyploidy in lemon balm (Melissa officinalis L.), in vitro regenerated explants were treated by colchicine at 4 different concentrations 0.00, 0.05, 0.1 and 0.2% for 24 and 48 h. Level of ploidy were identified in survival explants through root tip chromosome counting and leaf sample flow cytometry. Ten days after treatments, all colchicine-free treated explants were survived. Among the colchicine treatments (0.05, 0.1 and 0.2%), the highest explants survival rate were observed in the 0.05% colchicine application for 24 h (63.8%). On the contrary, 0.2% colchicine treatment for 48 h showed the highest rate of explants lethality. Results of chromosome counting and flow cytometry analysis indicated both diploid and mixoploid plants in colchicines treated explants. More effective treatment of colchicine for induction of ploidy was observed in 0.05% colchicine treatment for 48 h as high as 33.3% mixoploid plants.
