Z. Baher Nik; M.B. Rezaii; M. Ghorbanli; F. Asgari; M.K. Araghi
Volume 20, Issue 3 , October 2004, , Pages 263-275
Abstract
Because of the importance of water stress influence on plant growth, metabolism and yield, Satureja hortensis L. was imposed towater stress treaments. Irrigation treatments were selected basis on the different percentage of field capacity (FC), including (i) a control which was irrigated to full field ...
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Because of the importance of water stress influence on plant growth, metabolism and yield, Satureja hortensis L. was imposed towater stress treaments. Irrigation treatments were selected basis on the different percentage of field capacity (FC), including (i) a control which was irrigated to full field capacity during the growing season (FC), (ii) two moderate water stress treatments during vegetative (LS1) and flowering stages(LS2)and (iii) severe water stress treatments during flowering stages(HS). Results showed that plant water potential reduced from -0.5 to 1.5 Mpa and RWC (relative water content) decreased too. Also water stress induced high amount of proline. The amount of proline was the highest in sever treatment while it changed from 0.69 to 7.36 μ M/g FW in FC, LS2 treatments.
K. Jaimand; M.B. Rezaee; F. Askari
Volume 18, Issue 1 , February 2003, , Pages 11-22
Abstract
The genus of mentha is one of the most important of medicinal plant which is used in pharmaceutical and food industries . In this research our aim is study on methods of extraction and its effects on content and constituents of essential oils from Mentha x piperita L. Samples were collected ...
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The genus of mentha is one of the most important of medicinal plant which is used in pharmaceutical and food industries . In this research our aim is study on methods of extraction and its effects on content and constituents of essential oils from Mentha x piperita L. Samples were collected from Alborz research center (Medicinal plant research farm , in Karadj city), and then only leaves seperated and dried on laboratory condition , and essential oils extracted by different apparatus of steam distillation method (apparatus planed by Jaimand – Rezaee, plan –1 and plan –2 ) essential oils content were 0.16% and 0.22% yield respectively. The essential oils samples analyzed by GC and GC/MS . the major constituents in plan-1 were : isomenthol 41.5% , isomenthone 17.5% , (E)-b-ocimene 7.8% and carvacrol 7.8%, and in plan –2 were isomenthone 28.6% , carvacrol 13.8% , (E) - b -ocimene 8.4% and pulegone 7.4% . Now you can observed type of apparatus for extraction, can be one of the factors on quantitative isolation in essential oils.
F. Sefidkon; F. Askari
Volume 12, Issue 1 , May 2002, , Pages 29-51
Abstract
The genus of Thymus presents 14 species in Iran, some of them are endemic (1). In this project some of the endemic and non-endemic Thymus species, named: T. pubescens Boiss. et Kotschy ex Celak, T. carnosus Boiss, T. kotschyanus Boiss and Hohen, T. persicus (Ronniger ex Rech. F.) Jalas and T. serpyllum ...
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The genus of Thymus presents 14 species in Iran, some of them are endemic (1). In this project some of the endemic and non-endemic Thymus species, named: T. pubescens Boiss. et Kotschy ex Celak, T. carnosus Boiss, T. kotschyanus Boiss and Hohen, T. persicus (Ronniger ex Rech. F.) Jalas and T. serpyllum L. were collected from different regions at before flowering and full flowering stage. The air-dried aerial parts of these species were steam distilled for obtaning their essential oils. The oil yields are as follow respectively: at before flowering (0.66%, 0.28%, 0.26%, 0.55% and 0.57%) and at full flowering stage (0.86%, 2.1%, 0.43%, 1.45% and 0.90%).
Totally the oil yields were lower for theses Thymus species before flowering. The highest oil yields were obtained from T. kotschyanus and T. pubescens.
Analysis and identification of chemical composition of the oils were performed by GC and GC/MS.
Thirty-seven components (representing 93.1%-98.3% of the oils) at before flowering stage and thirty-nine components (representing 88.2%-99.3% of the oils) at full flowering stage were identified.
The main components of the oils were as follow, before and full flowering stage, respectively:
T. carnosus, thymol (27.2% and 36.1%), g-terpinene (19.6% and 19.1%), p-cymene (26.2% and 21.3%), b-caryophyllene (2.5% and 2.8%), carvacrol (2.2% and 2.5%) and borneol (1.6% and 1.6%).
T. kotschyanus carvacrol (40.7% and 41.4%), thymol (26.9% and 19.5%), g-terpinene (7.3% and 10.3%), p-cymene (3.9% and 5.3%), b-caryophyllene (1.8% and 2.5%) and borneol (1.3% and 2.4%)
T. persicus (39.0% and 27.1%), thymol (6.5% and 11.9%), g-terpinene (6.1% and 6.5%), p-cymene (7.5% and 10.2%), b-caryophyllene (2.0% and 3.0%) and borneol (1.6% and 2.9%).
T. pubescens carvacrol (64.8% and 48.8%), thymol (11.9% and 13.9%), g-terpinene (6.1% and trace), p-cymene (2.9% and 12.7%), b-caryophyllene (1.5% and 1.3%) and borneol (0.7% and 3.8%).
T. serpyllum, thymol (18.7% and 18.7%), g-terpinene (21.9% and 22.7%), p-cymene (21.1% and 20.7%), b-caryophyllene (7.1% and 0.1%) and borneol (3.9% and 3.1%)
Geraniol (15.7% and 9.4%), Geranyl acetate (5.3% and 5.3%) and a-terpineol (0 and 9.5%) were found just in T. persicus oil before and full flowering stage, respectively. Germacrene D was also found in T. serpyllum oil (6.0% and 5.1%).
F. Askari; F. Sefidkon; M.B. Rezaee
Volume 12, Issue 1 , May 2002, , Pages 87-127
Abstract
The genus of Thymus Presents 14 species, which are found wild in different regions of Iran (1). One of the more distributed of these species is Thymus pubescens (2).
The aerial parts of Thymus pubescens were collected from three various localities of Lar valley (in East of Tehran province). Essential ...
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The genus of Thymus Presents 14 species, which are found wild in different regions of Iran (1). One of the more distributed of these species is Thymus pubescens (2).
The aerial parts of Thymus pubescens were collected from three various localities of Lar valley (in East of Tehran province). Essential oils isolated by steam distillation from the plant material at two stages, before flowering (BF) and full flowering (FF). Yields of essential oils were 0.53% to 0.93% (at BF stage) and 1.23% to 2.03% (at FF stage). Therefore the oil content at BF stage was less than FF stage.
At BF stage 26 compounds (representing 98% to 99.3% of the oils) and at FF stae 32 compounds (representing 97.7% to 98.5% of the oils) were characterized. Major constituents at BF stage were: carvacrol (52.6% - 77.9%), thymol (2.7%-21.8%), g-terpinene (3.3%-7.4%), p-cymene (2.2%-4.4%), and b-caryophyllene (1.7%-2.5%). Major constituents at FF stage were: carvacrol (54.7% - 69.2%), p-cymene (6.7%-9.7%), borneol (1.7%-5.1%), methyl carvacrol (0.6%-6.6%) and 1,8-cineol +limonene (1.7%-3.2%).
Twenty-three constituents were common at two stages. d-cadinene, thymyl acetate and g-muurolene (E)-b-ocimene were found just at BF stage and a-phellandrene, a-terpineole, terpinen-4-ol, spathunelol, camphor, linalool, methyl linalo, methyl thymol, thymoquinone and thymodihydroquinone were found just at FF stage.
K. Jaimand; M.B. Rezaee; F. Askari; S. Meshkizadeh
Abstract
The genus of Matricaria chamomilla L is one of the important of medicinal plants used in medicinal and cosmetics industries. In pharmacogonosy, consideration of the chemical composition and pharmacological properties of chamomile can be undertaken, to be clearly understood. Plant material were collected, ...
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The genus of Matricaria chamomilla L is one of the important of medicinal plants used in medicinal and cosmetics industries. In pharmacogonosy, consideration of the chemical composition and pharmacological properties of chamomile can be undertaken, to be clearly understood. Plant material were collected, 22 Km. Away from Kazeroon city on App. 1997, and essential oils obtained from flowerheads by two different methods (Hydrodistillation & steam distillation). The oils were analyzed by capillary GC and GC/MS. Main components for hydrodistilation method, representing 93.39% of total oil were, a- Bisabolol (56.86%), trans-trans Farnesol(15.64%), sis-b-Farnesene(7.12%), Guaiazulene(4.24%) and chamazulene(2.18%) which are 86.04% from whole the oil. Main components for steam distillation method, representing 95.61% of total oil were, a-Bisabolol (51.72%), trans-trans-Farnesol (15.33%), Guaiazulene (10.51%), cis-B-Farnesene (9.48%) and chamazulene (3.69%), which are 90.73% from whole the oil. a-Bisabolol, a major component of matricaria, is reported to have anti-inflammatory can used in our medicinal and cometics industries.
F. Askari; M. Mirza
Volume 10, Issue 1 , November 2001, , Pages 127-141
Abstract
Syringa microphylla Diels. is an ornemental plant. the fragrant flowers of S. microphylla, werw collected from national Bonitical Garden of Iran in the spring, then extaracted with hexan. after removing the plant waxes its absolute injected to GC and GC/ms. nineteen compounds were identified representing ...
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Syringa microphylla Diels. is an ornemental plant. the fragrant flowers of S. microphylla, werw collected from national Bonitical Garden of Iran in the spring, then extaracted with hexan. after removing the plant waxes its absolute injected to GC and GC/ms. nineteen compounds were identified representing 76.33%(w/w) of the total absolute. the major components were : -terpinene (13.91%),p-cymene (3.03%), and α-teripinen(1.63%).
F. Askari; F. Sefidkon
Volume 8, Issue 1 , July 2001, , Pages 27-43
Abstract
The genus of Syringa presents 25-30 species in Asia and south-east of Europe are cultivated for their showy flowers in spring and early summer. The common Lilac (Syringa vulgaris) from south-east of Europe is a very popular species with more than 500 cultivar, many of them have sweel smell. The fragrant ...
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The genus of Syringa presents 25-30 species in Asia and south-east of Europe are cultivated for their showy flowers in spring and early summer. The common Lilac (Syringa vulgaris) from south-east of Europe is a very popular species with more than 500 cultivar, many of them have sweel smell. The fragrant floewers of S. vulgaris were collected from National Botanical Garden of Iran in the spring, then extracted with hexan. After remowing the plant waxes, absolute injected to GC and GC/MS. Nineteen compounds were identified constituting 86%(w/w) of the total absolute, the major components are: B-asarone (27%), B-asarone (27%), Phytol(9.5%), a-farnesene (6.8%), carvone (4.4%), P-dimethoxy benzen (3.1%), neryl acetate (2.9%).
F. Askari; M. Ghorbanly
Volume 7, Issue 1 , April 2001, , Pages 27-53
Abstract
Nitrate reductase activity of leaf Thymus pubescens assimilation from 11 sample of four various locality (Lar valley, Damavand, Cirachal and Fasham in Tehran province). Nitrate reductase activity in samples of Lar valley and Cirachal at full flowering stage (B. F.). NR activity in samples of Fasham at ...
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Nitrate reductase activity of leaf Thymus pubescens assimilation from 11 sample of four various locality (Lar valley, Damavand, Cirachal and Fasham in Tehran province). Nitrate reductase activity in samples of Lar valley and Cirachal at full flowering stage (B. F.). NR activity in samples of Fasham at full flowering stage was less than samples of before flowering stage. NR activity in samples of Damavand was no changes. Most of activity At B. F. stage was in the samples of Fasham and at FF. Stage was in the samples of Cirachal. In essence the sample of Cirachal and Fasham showed NR activity more than sample of Lar valley and Damavand. Peroxidase activity assimilation from 6 samples of Cirachal and Fasham (Northern west Tehran province) at before flowering stage and full flowering stage. All samples showed peroxidase activity in BF stage more than FF stage. In addition samples of Fasham were more active than samples of Chirachal.
F. Askari
Volume 4, Issue 1 , August 1999, , Pages 137-165
Abstract
Anis (Pimpinella anisum L.) is a very important plant which is used in food and medicinal industries. Dry fruits of Anis were collected from Isfahan and Fars provinces in summer and the essential oils were obtained by steam distillation and examined by GC and GC/MS. Among 11 componds identified, the ...
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Anis (Pimpinella anisum L.) is a very important plant which is used in food and medicinal industries. Dry fruits of Anis were collected from Isfahan and Fars provinces in summer and the essential oils were obtained by steam distillation and examined by GC and GC/MS. Among 11 componds identified, the major component was trans-anethole, 89% in Fars sample and 91.7% in Esfahan sample. Other important constituents in Fars sample and Esfahan were as follow respectively: γ – gurjunene (3.27%, 1.85%), estragol (2.38%, 1.04%), eugenyl-acetate (1.43%, 2.0%), α-Zingiberene (1.01%, 0.92%)
F. Askari
Volume 3, Issue 1 , April 1999, , Pages 59-76
Abstract
Gum of ferula assa-foetida was collected from Kerman province (center of Iran) in summer 1996. The essential oil was obtained by water –steam distillation (17%) and 13 components were identified by GC and GC/MS. The main constituents were (E)-1 propyl sec-butyl disulfide(58.9%), (Z)-β-ocimene(9.0%) ...
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Gum of ferula assa-foetida was collected from Kerman province (center of Iran) in summer 1996. The essential oil was obtained by water –steam distillation (17%) and 13 components were identified by GC and GC/MS. The main constituents were (E)-1 propyl sec-butyl disulfide(58.9%), (Z)-β-ocimene(9.0%) ,β-pinene(5.0%) and (Z)-1-propenyl sec-butyl disoulfide (3.9%).
