Biological effects of essential oils and extracts
Z. Norbakhsh; I. Hajkhodadadi; H.A. Ghasemi; M.H. Moradi
Abstract
Background and objective: Today, in the poultry industry, food additives are used to achieve the highest production at the lowest cost. Growth stimulants and food additives are chemical, biological, or natural compounds added to water and feed. They are used to improve growth and feed efficiency and ...
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Background and objective: Today, in the poultry industry, food additives are used to achieve the highest production at the lowest cost. Growth stimulants and food additives are chemical, biological, or natural compounds added to water and feed. They are used to improve growth and feed efficiency and obtain the highest and most economical production. The use of medicinal plants in poultry nutrition showed that, in addition to stimulating feed consumption, these plants also have antibiotic and anti-coccidiosis properties. This experiment aimed to investigate the effects of different levels of the herbal Bilhar (Dorema aucheri Boiss.) on the Production Parameters, hematology, and thigh and breast meat quality traits of broiler chickens in a completely randomized design.Methodology: In this study, 240 one-day-old Ross 308 were exposed to five treatments (four replicates), and 12 chickens in each replicate were raised for 42 days. The chickens had free access to water and feed during the rearing period. The necessary care was following scientific rearing principles and commercial catalog recommended methods. The experimental treatments included 1) control-common diet with no additive 2) control diet + 0.1% flavophospholipol antibiotic, 3) control diet + Bilhar (0.1 % in starter and grower, 0.05 % in finisher phase), 4) control diet + Bilhar (0.3 % in starter and grower, 0.15 % finisher phase), 3) control diet + Bilhar (0.5 % in starter and grower,0 .25 % in finisher phase). The experiment measured body weight and food consumption at the end of the initial, growth, and final periods. On the 42nd day, one chicken from each replicate was randomly selected and blood was collected through the wing vein. Two blood samples, one into the venoject tubes containing 0.5 cc of the anticoagulant ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA), to collect and measure blood hematological parameters (the amount of red blood cells, white blood cells, hemoglobin, hematocrit and the subtracted population of white blood cells) and the other part of the blood into tubes free of anticoagulants in order to separate the blood serum, to measure the metabolites Serum biochemical tests were transferred. Results: Chick's body weight at 24 and 42 d was higher in the first Bilhar group and antibiotic level than in the control group. Different experimental groups significantly affected feed intake at the starter and grower phases (P> 0.05). Adding bilhar to the diet did not change red blood cell numbers but impacted hemoglobin, hematocrit percentages, and white blood cell count. Different levels of Bilher powder and antibiotics significantly influenced villus height, villus thickness, and villus area in the duodenum (P<0.05). But the depth of the crypt and the ratio of the height of the villi to the depth of the crypt in the duodenum did not show a statistically significant effect between the treatments (P<0.05). Despite no significant improvement in breast water holding capacity, dripping loss, or cooking loss, dietary billiards significantly decreased breast PH. Experimental treatments significantly affected thigh water holding capacity, dripping loss, and pH but did not affect thigh cooking loss.Conclusion: It can be concluded that in the case of most traits, especially functional traits, the first level of bilhar (treatment 3) improved compared to the control treatment. Therefore, this plant can be used at the indicated level as a plant additive in a broiler chicken diet. This will improve functional and histological traits.
Biological effects of essential oils and extracts
B.H. Bahador; J. Bahrampour; A. Moosaei; H. Doomari
Abstract
Henna (Lawsonia inermis L.) leaves have unique medicinal properties like antibiotic ones due to the large amounts of phenolics such as tannins. To investigate the effects of feeding with henna leaves on performance, some blood parameters, and liver enzymes of 20 Kermani male lambs, an experiment was ...
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Henna (Lawsonia inermis L.) leaves have unique medicinal properties like antibiotic ones due to the large amounts of phenolics such as tannins. To investigate the effects of feeding with henna leaves on performance, some blood parameters, and liver enzymes of 20 Kermani male lambs, an experiment was conducted in a completely randomized design with five replications. Experimental treatments included (T1) basic diet (BD) (control), (T2) BD+30 g henna leaves (HL), (T3) BD+60 g HL, and (T4) BD+90 g HL. The results showed that although the treatments did not have significant effects on performance, but the highest and lowest amount of feed consumption and food conversion ratio were respectively observed in control and T4, as well as the highest and lowest amount of daily weight gain belonged to T4 and control, respectively. Glucose and blood urea nitrogen concentrations were not affected by the experimental treatments (P≥0.05). Cholesterol, triglyceride, and total protein concentrations were significantly increased with increasing henna leaf amount in the diet (P≤0.05). The lowest concentrations of liver enzymes aspartate aminotransferase (AST) and alanine aminotransferase (ALT) were obtained in T3 (P≤ 0.05). Overall, it was revealed that using different levels of henna in the diet of Kermani lambs did not affect their growth performance and glucose, but significantly increased cholesterol, triglycerides, and total protein and decreased AST and ALT.
Biological effects of essential oils and extracts
Z. tahami; S.M. Hosseini; A. Valizadeh Ghalebeig
Abstract
To evaluate the effects of a mixture from Cinnamomum cassia (L.) J.Presl, Mentha pulegium L., and Capsicum annuum L. extracts on the relative weight of visceral and gastrointestinal organs, gastrointestinal tract acidity, blood parameters, and tibia characteristics of Ross 308 broilers, an experiment ...
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To evaluate the effects of a mixture from Cinnamomum cassia (L.) J.Presl, Mentha pulegium L., and Capsicum annuum L. extracts on the relative weight of visceral and gastrointestinal organs, gastrointestinal tract acidity, blood parameters, and tibia characteristics of Ross 308 broilers, an experiment was conducted in a completely randomized design with five treatments, four replications, and eight chickens per replication. The experimental treatments included basal diet (BD), BD+500 mg kg-1 oxytetracycline, BD+50 mg kg-1 mixed extract, BD+100 mg kg-1 mixed extract, and BD+200 mg kg-1 mixed extract. After 42 days of raising the broilers with the mixed extract, the sampling was performed to evaluate the desired traits. The results showed that the consumption of 100 mg kg-1 mixed extract increased the pancreas and heart weight, relative length of ileum and jejunum, and relative weight and length of tibia and reduced the acidity of duodenum and jejunum compared to the control (p < /em><0.05). The results showed that the experimental treatments did not affect the concentration of blood elements of broilers, but the amount of magnesium and phosphorus in tibia was affected by 50 and 100 mg kg-1 mixed extract (p < /em><0.05). Based on the findings of this study, it could be concluded that the use of 100 mg kg-1 mixed extract improved the performance of broilers by increasing the relative length and weight of gastrointestinal organs and reducing the acidity of gastrointestinal tract.
Biological effects of essential oils and extracts
M. Mahmoodi; M. Khodaei Motlagh; H.A. Ghasemi; A.H. Kheltabadi Farahani
Abstract
To investigate the effects of different levels of powder and essential oil of Boswellia sacra (BS) leaves on the intestinal microflora and some blood parameters in Japanese quail chicks, an experiment was conducted in a completely randomized design with six treatments and three replications. The experimental ...
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To investigate the effects of different levels of powder and essential oil of Boswellia sacra (BS) leaves on the intestinal microflora and some blood parameters in Japanese quail chicks, an experiment was conducted in a completely randomized design with six treatments and three replications. The experimental treatments included T1: base diet without additives (control), T2: base diet+ antibiotic bacitracin, T3: base diet+ 1 g of BS powder per kg of diet, T4: base diet+ 2 g of BS powder per kg of diet, T5: base diet+ 20 mg of BS essential oil per kg of diet, and T6: base diet+ 40 mg of BS essential oil per kg of diet. The results showed that the blood glucose concentration in T5 was significantly higher than T3 and T4 (p < /em><0.05). The highest concentration of high-density lipoproteins was observed in the blood of birds in T4 (p < /em><0.05). The population of Bifidobacterium spp. showed a significant increase (p < /em><0.05) in T2, T3, T5, and T6 compared to the control and T4. Treatments T3 and T6 exhibited a higher population of Lactobacillus spp. compared to the control, T2, T4, and T5 (p < /em><0.05). A higher population of Streptococcus spp. was also observed in T3 and T6 compared to T4 (p < /em><0.05). Overall, the results showed that the use of additive essential oil extracted from BS leaves in the concentration of 40 mg per kg of diet could improve the intestinal microbial population.