Volume 28, Issue 4 , February 2013
A. Ehsanipour; K. Razmjoo; H. Zeinali
Abstract
This investigation was carried out to study the effect of different nitrogen rates on yield, yield components and essential oil of several fennel (Foeniculum vulgare Mill.) populations. The experiment design was split plot with three replications conducted during 2008 at Research Farm of Isfahan University ...
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This investigation was carried out to study the effect of different nitrogen rates on yield, yield components and essential oil of several fennel (Foeniculum vulgare Mill.) populations. The experiment design was split plot with three replications conducted during 2008 at Research Farm of Isfahan University of Technology. Nitrogen levels were 0, 40, 80, 120 and 160 N kg/ha as the main plot and four populations of fennel (Isfahan, Tehran, Yazd and 11486) located in subplot. Seed yield, essential oil percentage, 1000-seed weight, biomass, harvest index, number of seeds per umbel, number of umbels per plant, seed length, and plant height were measured. Results showed significant differences for seed yield, 1000-seed weight, harvest index, number of seed per umbel, number of umbels per plant, seed length, plant height and percentage of essential oil among fennel populations. Also, seed yield per ha, 1000-seed weight, number of seed per umbel, seed length, number of umbels per plant and percentage of essential oil significantly differed in different nitrogen levels. There was an interaction effect between N rates and populations for 1000-seed weight, harvest index, number of seed per umbel, seed length, number of umbels per plant and plant height. The highest seed yield per hectare among the populations belonged to Isfahan population, obtained on control and 40 and 160 kg/ha nitrogen fertilization. The highest essential oil percentage was obtained on population of 11486 at 40 kg/ha nitrogen fertilization.
B. Mosallanejad; R. Avizeh; H. Najafzadeh Varzi; M. Pourmehdi
Abstract
In the present study, effect of silymarin was evaluated as a protective drug of liver against acute hepatotoxicity due to administration of mebendazole in German shepherd dogs (mixed breeds). Twenty five healthy dogs were randomly allotted to five equal groups. Dogs in group A were given mebendazole ...
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In the present study, effect of silymarin was evaluated as a protective drug of liver against acute hepatotoxicity due to administration of mebendazole in German shepherd dogs (mixed breeds). Twenty five healthy dogs were randomly allotted to five equal groups. Dogs in group A were given mebendazole with single dose 150 mg⁄kg, p.o.; group B consisted of dogs that received silymarin with single dose 30 mg⁄kg, p.o. concurrent with mebendazole administration; groups C, D and E were treated like group B, but silymarin was administered 2, 12 and 24 h after administration of mebendazole respectively. The serum concentrations of alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) and total and direct bilirubin were measured before administration of mebendazole and 2, 12, 24 and 72 h later as indices of liver injury. A single oral administration of mebendazole significantly elevated serum concentrations of ALT, AST, ALP, LDH in all cases of group A (P<0.05), after 24 h. In both groups of B and C, levels of serumenzyme activities remained within the normal values. The difference was significant between groups B and C with group A (P<0.05). Levels of serumenzyme activities were higher than normal values in three cases of the group D and in all dogs of the group E. This study showed that silymarin could protect liver tissue against oxidative stress in dogs with mebendazole intoxication particularly in the first 2 hours after exposure.
A Habibi; G.H. Heidari; Y. Sohrabi; Kh. Mohamadi
Abstract
In order to study the effect of biofertilizers and chemical fertilizers on yield, yield components, chlorophyll and photosynthesis rate of pumpkin (Cucurbita pepo L.), an experiment was conducted in a randomized complete blocks design with 8 treatments and 3 replications at Research Farm of Kurdistan ...
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In order to study the effect of biofertilizers and chemical fertilizers on yield, yield components, chlorophyll and photosynthesis rate of pumpkin (Cucurbita pepo L.), an experiment was conducted in a randomized complete blocks design with 8 treatments and 3 replications at Research Farm of Kurdistan University in 2009. Treatments included: control (N1), nitroxin (free-living nitrogen fixing bacteria) (N2), phosphate solubilizing bacteria (N3), nitroxin + phosphate solubilizing bacteria (N4), chemical fertilizer (urea 120 kg ha-1 + mono super phosphate 150 kg ha-1) (N5), 50% chemical fertilizer + nitroxin (N6), 50% chemical fertilizer + phosphate solubilizing bacteria (N7), 50% chemical fertilizer + nitroxin + phosphate solubilizing bacteria (N8). Results indicated that the fertilizer treatments had significant effects on chlorophyll, photosynthesis rate, fruit diameter, fruit fresh weight and fruit and seed yield. Maximum seed yield (97.97 gr/m2) was obtained from (N8) treatment and the highest fruit yield (6272.2 and 5790/5 gr/ha), photosynthesis rate (15.56 and 14.05 µmol m-2 s-1 CO2) and chlorophyll (53.06 and 50.08 SPAD values) were obtained from (N8) and (N6) treatments respectively. The fertilizer treatments had no significant effects on the 1000 seed weight and number of fruits per stem. According to the results, it is concluded that application of biofertilizers along with 50% chemical fertilizer could reduce the need for chemical fertilizers and the highest seed and fruit yield would be obtained.
M. Dadashpour; I Rasooli; F. sefidkon; E. Zaad Hosseingholi; Sh. Darvish Alipour Astaneh
Abstract
In the present study, the antimicrobial properties of Satureja sahendica Bornm. and summer savory (Satureja hortensis L.) essential oils were studied. The bacterial strains sensitive to the oils were in Candida albicans> E. coli> S. aureus> P. aeruginosa order. Minimum inhibitory and bactericidal ...
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In the present study, the antimicrobial properties of Satureja sahendica Bornm. and summer savory (Satureja hortensis L.) essential oils were studied. The bacterial strains sensitive to the oils were in Candida albicans> E. coli> S. aureus> P. aeruginosa order. Minimum inhibitory and bactericidal concentrations were observed in the range of 0.5-10mg/ml. Total phenolics of S. sahendica and the S. hortensis were 170.5±8.53 and 47.25±2.14 µg Gallic acid equivalent per mg sample. Antioxidative property of the oils was carried out using DPPH free radical scavenging and beta-carotene bleaching tests and the results were compared with the standard synthetic antioxidants. Lipid peroxidation inhibitions were comparable to or higher than the synthetic antioxidants. The concentrations from S. sahendica and S. hortensis oils required for 50% free radical scavenging (IC50) were 6.25 and 5.82 μg/ml respectively. Ferric-reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) of S. sahendica oil was greater than that of the S. hortensis oil. The superoxide anion radical scavenging activities of S. sahendica and S. hortensis oils were 55.28%±1.16 and 21.81%±2.46 at 15µg/ml oil with an IC50 of 9.4 and 101.2 µg respectively. Tyrosinase activity of one µg S. sahendica oil was 47.88±%1.33 while that of the S. hortensis oil at 15 µg level was 15.35%±2.9. In conclusion, the results from biological properties of Satureja sahendica are indicative of its potentials for food and drug industries applications.
M. Palizdar; B. Delkhosh; A.H Shiranirad; Gh. Noormohammadi
Abstract
In order to study the effect of irrigation regimes and potassium fertilizer yield and yield components of safflower (Carthamus tinctorius L.) as a medicinal plant, a field experiment was conducted in a factorial design based on randomized complete blocks with three replications. The experiment was performed ...
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In order to study the effect of irrigation regimes and potassium fertilizer yield and yield components of safflower (Carthamus tinctorius L.) as a medicinal plant, a field experiment was conducted in a factorial design based on randomized complete blocks with three replications. The experiment was performed on a winter safflower genotype (Goldasht) at the experimental farm of Ghazvin during cropping season 2009-2010. Four irrigation regimes including 60 (Control), 100, 140 and 180mm evaporation from evaporation pan (Class A) and four levels of potassium fertilizer including 0 (Control), 50, 100 and 150 kg.ha-1 comprised the experimental factors. Results showed that with increasing irrigation level, seed yield, plant height, stem diameter, number of branches per plant, head diameter, number of heads per plant and number of seeds per head increased significantly; as the seed yield of the irrigation based on 60mm evaporation was 110% higher than the that of irrigation based on 180mm evaporation. All traits also increased significantly with increasing potassium content. As application of 150kg.ha-1 potassium increased the seed yield by 58% compared to the control treatment. The interaction effect of irrigation and potassium was significant on all traits except stem diameter and head diameter. In irrigation based on 60mm evaporation, application of 150 kg.ha-1 potassium increased seed yield by 35% compared to the control treatment but in irrigation based on 180mm evaporation, it was increased by 130%. According to the results, application of potassium fertilizer showed positive effects on yield and yield components of safflower in sever and moderate water stress conditions.
M. Shafe; M.A. Behdani; M. Jami Al-Ahmadi
Abstract
Priming is one of the seed germination enhancement methods that mayresult in increasment and uniformity of germination and facilitates seedling establishment in field even in the stress conditions. In other to evaluate the osmopriming effects on improvement of henbane (Hyoscyamus niger L.) germination, ...
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Priming is one of the seed germination enhancement methods that mayresult in increasment and uniformity of germination and facilitates seedling establishment in field even in the stress conditions. In other to evaluate the osmopriming effects on improvement of henbane (Hyoscyamus niger L.) germination, and to determine the best treatment for rapid seedling establishment, a factorial experiment based on RCD with three replications was performed at Faculty of Agriculture, University of Birjand. Osmotic solutions were prepared by using KNO3, NaCl and KH2PO4 at three osmotic potentials (-0.5, -1 and -1.5 MPa) and were applied on seeds for three priming periods (24, 48 and 72 hours). Results showed that priming periods and osmotic potentials did not affect germination percentage significantly, but their effects on other traits were significant at 0.01 probability level. Interaction effect of incubation time and osmotic potential was significant only on average germination time and root length at 0.01 and 0.05 probability levels, respectively. In general, seeds priming for 72 hours with KNO3 and KH2PO4 at -1.5 MPa had the greatest effect on improvement of henbane germination parameters.
N. Piroozi; H. Azarnivand; A. Kohandel; F. Khalighi-Sigaroodi
Abstract
Bidens bipinnata L. belongs to the family Asteraceae (Compositae) and genus of Bidens. In order to study the antioxidant activity, total phenolic and flavonoid content of methanolic extract of Bidens bipinnata L., were investigated. For this purpose, after full identification of the species and determination ...
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Bidens bipinnata L. belongs to the family Asteraceae (Compositae) and genus of Bidens. In order to study the antioxidant activity, total phenolic and flavonoid content of methanolic extract of Bidens bipinnata L., were investigated. For this purpose, after full identification of the species and determination of its habitat in Alborz province, aerial parts of the plant were collected at fruiting stage. In this research, three methods including DPPH, ABTS, and FRAP were applied to measure flavonoid and total phenolic content of the species. Results showed that for methanol extract of the aerial parts of Bidens bipinnata, percentage of radical inhibition was 82.13 μg/ml (IC50> 100 μg/ml). The amount of ferrous sulfate reagent was 112.66 μM/g based on the dry weight of plant in FRAP method. According to the results of ABTS method, the amount of Ascorbic Acid, total flavonoids and total phenolic compounds were respectively calculated based on the dry weight of plant as 9.15 mg and also the amount of total flavonoids in dry weight of plant using rutin reagent was determined 12.21 mg/g and the amount of total phenolic compounds of the extract using Gallic Acid reagent was determined 2.88 mg/g.
S.H. Mirdehghan; S. Zeidabadi; H.R. Roosta
Abstract
Improvement of quality and storage life of cut flowers is one of the most important subjects in postharvest and floriculture industry. In general, cut flowers have a short postharvest life and some treatments could enhance their vase life. This experiment was conducted to evaluate the interaction of ...
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Improvement of quality and storage life of cut flowers is one of the most important subjects in postharvest and floriculture industry. In general, cut flowers have a short postharvest life and some treatments could enhance their vase life. This experiment was conducted to evaluate the interaction of calcium chloride and silver nitrate with essential oils on quality and vase life of rose cut flower cv. Grand Prix in a factorial experiment on the basis of completely randomized design with 3 replications. Rose cut flowers were treated with calcium chloride (1%) and silver nitrate (2 mg/l) for 24 hours and held in solution containing 2 mg/l thyme, savory, ajowan and distilled water (control) + 2% sucrose and kept at 25±3ºC and RH=65±5 % for 9 days. Different parameters including flower weight, flower and stem diameter, wilting of flowers and leaves, uptake of preservative solution and vase life were measured every 3 days during the storage period. The results showed that combination of silver nitrate and thyme was effective in improving the flower weight and diameter of cut roses by increasing the uptake of preservative solution and also reducing the wilting of flowers and leaves. Therefore, the vase life of cut flowers is increased significantly in this treatment compared to control. On contrary, pretreatment with calcium chloride and subsequent maintenance in vegetable oils decreases the quality and vase life of cut flowers by injury to flower stems.
S.R. Karimi; R. Shahhoseini; S. Zakeri
Abstract
Lemon verbena (Lippia citriodora H. B. et K.) is one of the medicinal plants, belonging to the family Verbenaceae. This plant has active ingredients with sedative, anticonvulsant, heartbeat away, anti-diarrhea and antimicrobial effects. Accurate drying of medicinal plants is inevitable in order to reduce ...
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Lemon verbena (Lippia citriodora H. B. et K.) is one of the medicinal plants, belonging to the family Verbenaceae. This plant has active ingredients with sedative, anticonvulsant, heartbeat away, anti-diarrhea and antimicrobial effects. Accurate drying of medicinal plants is inevitable in order to reduce the humidity and increase the longevity and quantity and quality of the active ingredients. In this research, hot air dryer was used to dry the leaves of lemon verbena by using temperatures of 30, 40 and 50ºC and different air speeds of 0.5, 1 and 1.5 m/s to reach a humidity of 15%. Essential oil was extracted by Clevenger apparatus. Results showed that effects of temperature and air speed and their interaction on drying time were significant. Results of mean comparisons showed no significant difference between the temperatures of 40ºC and 50ºC. With increase of temperature, the effect of air speed was negligible. The best treatment in terms of minimum drying time was 40ºC and 1 m/s speed. Different levels of temperature showed significant effect on quantity of the essential oil as the highest and the lowest essential oil level were respectively obtained at 30ºC and 40ºC. The speed of the hot air also showed a significant effect on quantity of the essential oil as the maximum essential oil was obtained at the speed of 0.5 m/s. The results of interaction effects showed that maximum essential oil obtained at 500C temperature and 0.5 m/s speed. Finally, 7 Mathematical models of thin layer drying for different conditions such as R2, SSE and RMSE were compared. According to the results, Modified Page was identified as the best model for drying lemon verbena.
E. Daneshfar; K. Alirezalu; S.M. Ahmadi Hoseini; M.R. Naghavi; R. Omidbaigi
Abstract
Echium amoenum Fisch. is a perennial medicinal plant belonging to family Boraginaceae. Due to low information related to the seed oil of Echium amoenum Fisch., aim of the study was to determine and comparison of eight different accessions for 1000 seed weight, composition and content of fatty acids of ...
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Echium amoenum Fisch. is a perennial medicinal plant belonging to family Boraginaceae. Due to low information related to the seed oil of Echium amoenum Fisch., aim of the study was to determine and comparison of eight different accessions for 1000 seed weight, composition and content of fatty acids of the seed oil and determining the affinities of the accessions with regard to the seed oil yield. Some physicochemical characteristics of the oil were also measured. The experiment was carried out in a randomized complete blocks design with three replications. Seed oil was extracted by soxhlet apparatus and the components were identified by GC/MS. For measuring the physicochemical characteristics of the oil including refractive index, acidity index, peroxide value, iodine value, saponification value, humidity, chlorophyll content and pH, standard methods of AOCS were used. Seven fatty acids were detected in composition of the oils. Linolenic acid, linoleic acid and oleic acid were identified as the main fatty acids. Acid gamma-linolenic was detected in oil analysis. No significant differences were recorded for 1000 seed weight and oil percentage at 95% level of probability while oil components showed significant differences. The farthest and the closest affinities were respectively recorded for (Esfahan and Rahim Abad) and (Zardband and Esfahan). Refractive index, acidity index, peroxide value, iodine value, saponification value, humidity, Chlorophyll content and pH were measured as follows, respectively: 1.47, 3.1 mg NaOH/g oil, 1.39 meq o2/1000 gr oil, 101.3 grI2/ 100gr oil, 163.02 mg KOH/g, 1.78%,16.9 mg Pheophytin/kg oil, and 5.8.
N. Ansari; N. Hasanzadeh; M.B. Rezaee
Abstract
One of the modern methods for biological control of button mushroom (Agaricus bisporus) brown blotch disease is using plant's essential oil. Therefore, antimicrobial properties of essential oil and extracts obtained from Eucalyptus camaldulensis Dehnh. leaves were evaluated against the plant pathogenic ...
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One of the modern methods for biological control of button mushroom (Agaricus bisporus) brown blotch disease is using plant's essential oil. Therefore, antimicrobial properties of essential oil and extracts obtained from Eucalyptus camaldulensis Dehnh. leaves were evaluated against the plant pathogenic bacterium Pseudomonas tolaasii both In vitro and In vivo conditions. 0.3 g/ml of each leaf samples was macerated in water and organic solvents (acetone, methanol and ethanol) to obtain the relevant extracts. The extraction of essential oil from leaves was performed Hydro-distillation method using Clevenger apparatus. Bioassays for inhibition activities of EO were carried out in five concentrations (0/1, 0/01, 0/001, 0/0001 and pure mg/ml) on two agar media of NA and KB. According to the isolation and identification of the main components in essential oils by gas chromatography (GC-MS), Cineol (58.1%) and α-phellandrene (6%) were identified as the main components. The most efficient In vitro results obtained by pure essential oil of Eucalyptus with 17 mm inhibition zone on KB and methanol extract with 8mm on NA. These were more pronounced when compared to inhibition effects of antibiotics erythromycin, penicillin and gentamycin and not with tetracycline in both concentrations of 0.1 and 0.01 mg/ml. This was reversed by subsequent increase of the antibiotics tetracycline and gentamicin to the level of 1, 5 and 10 mg/ml. In vivo assays were conducted in order to evaluate the efficacy of essential oil and methanol extract in two dilutions of 0/1 and 0/01 mg/ml. 20µl of each plant extracts was pre-treated on mushroom caps and after 24 h, the bacterial suspension at ca 105 cfu/ml was inoculated the same pre-treated sites. After a two day incubation period at 25°C, the 0/01 concentration of both extracts showed a satisfactory result.
H. Batooli; A.H. Bamoniri
Abstract
Haplophyllum A. Juss. is one of the most important genus of Rutaceae family, in which over 20 species have been reported for Iran. The purpose of this study was to extract and determine essential oil composition of three Haplophyllum A. Juss. species from Kashan. Leaves of the three species i.e. H. robustum ...
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Haplophyllum A. Juss. is one of the most important genus of Rutaceae family, in which over 20 species have been reported for Iran. The purpose of this study was to extract and determine essential oil composition of three Haplophyllum A. Juss. species from Kashan. Leaves of the three species i.e. H. robustum Bge., H. glaberrimum Bge. & Boiss. and H. perforatum (M. B.) Kar. & Kir. were collected from deserts and mountainous areas around Kashan. Essential oil was obtained by hydrodistillation using an all-glass Clevenger-type apparatus. The analysis of the oils was performed by using GC and GC-MS methods. The essential oil yield of H. robustum was 1.02% (v/w) and 14 components were identified. Major components of the oil were 1,8-cineol (25%), β-pinene (12.2%) and sabinene (9%). The essential oil yield of H. glaberrimum was 0/08 % (v/w) and 13 components were identified, in which the major components were myrcene (42.9%), elemole (10.6%) and β-caryophyllene (8.9%). The essential oil yield of H. perforatum was 0.38 % (v/w) and 12 components were identified, in which the major components were elemole (37.6%), β-caryophyllene (%21.1) and α-pinene (19.1%). The major components of the essential oil in H. robustum and H. glaberrimum were monoterpens, but the essential oil of H. perforatum was rich of sesquiterpenes.
S. Sayad; N. Hassanzadeh; A. Ghasemi; E. Nazerian
Abstract
In order to control soft rot disease of syngonium ornamental plant caused by Pectobacterium carotovorum, six essential oils namely, thym, Summer savory, Anise, Eucalyptus, Dill, Cumin and two antibiotics of erythromycin and streptomycin were evaluated under laboratory and greenhouse conditions. ...
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In order to control soft rot disease of syngonium ornamental plant caused by Pectobacterium carotovorum, six essential oils namely, thym, Summer savory, Anise, Eucalyptus, Dill, Cumin and two antibiotics of erythromycin and streptomycin were evaluated under laboratory and greenhouse conditions. MICs of all essential oils were determined and different concentrations of each compound were prepared. In laboratory assays, among 6 different concentrations of essential oils, pure thym oil with 15mm inhibition zone and erythromycin (15mg/disk) with 15mm inhibition zone exhibited the most antibacterial activities. On the other hand, erythromycin (400mg/ml) with 3-5 mm inhibition zone showed the same result as treated with thym essential oil (10-2). The syngonium seedlings treated with erythromycin (400mg/ml) gave a healthy and long root growth of 70mm and 3mm of soft rot symptoms on roots. The seedlings treated with thym oil promoted root growth to 32mm and soft rots of 7mm. According to the results, erythromycin and thym oil were identified as the most effective compounds compared to the others.
S. Abbaszadeh; T. Radjabian; M. Taghizadeh
Abstract
Phytosterol, a general term applied to a large number of plant-derived sterols, is found exclusively in all organs of higher plants and are often enriched in oilseeds. Phytosterols have wide bioactivity in humans, in particular as an efficacious cholesterol-lowering agent and consequently may have a ...
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Phytosterol, a general term applied to a large number of plant-derived sterols, is found exclusively in all organs of higher plants and are often enriched in oilseeds. Phytosterols have wide bioactivity in humans, in particular as an efficacious cholesterol-lowering agent and consequently may have a preventive role against cardiovascular disease and also a variety of cancers. Phytosterols occur in high concentrations in vegetable oils such as the Echium (Boraginaceae family). In Iran, four species of Echium have been identified so far. In respect of unique roles of phytosterols in human health, the aim of the present study was determination and quantification of sterols in seeds of two Iranian Echium. Seeds were collected from six populations of two Iranian Echium species (E. italicum and E. amoenum) from their natural habitats. After extraction with appropriate solvents, the existence of sterols in seeds was characterized by TLC and then their contents were measured using GC and spectrophotometeric methods. Total phytosterol contents were determined using the standard curve equation obtained from the changes in the absorption of solutions at a wavelength of 640 nm. Results from GC analyses showed that total phytosterol contents based on total seed dry weight were also significant, as the highest amount (399/4 mg/100g D.W) was detected in seeds of E. italicum (Alamute Qazvin population) and the lowest (112 mg/100g D.W) was measured in seeds of E. amoenum species (Hezarjarib population). Also, campesterol (20-50% of total phytosterol) and β-sitosterol (more than 50% of total phytosterol) were the main constituents of the phytosterols in all seeds. Accordingly, seeds of E.amoenum (Behshahr population) with 141 mg/100g β-sitosterol and seeds of E. italicum (Alamute Qazvin population) with 212 and 141/4 mg/100g campesterol and β-sitostanol were respectively identified as the richest samples.
M. Bigdeloo; V. Nazeri; J. Hadian
Abstract
Thymus caramanicus Jalas is belonging to family Lamiaceae. Among 250 species of this genus with a worldwide distribution, 14 species grow naturally in Iran. Thymus caramanicus Jalas is one of the endemic species which has distribution in central Iran. In this study, natural habitats of the species were ...
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Thymus caramanicus Jalas is belonging to family Lamiaceae. Among 250 species of this genus with a worldwide distribution, 14 species grow naturally in Iran. Thymus caramanicus Jalas is one of the endemic species which has distribution in central Iran. In this study, natural habitats of the species were identified in different regions of Kerman, Esfahan and Semnan provinces in 2010.Ten complete plants at flowering stage were collected from seven localities in order to study and evaluate the morphological characters. Flowering stems were used to extract essential oil. Characteristics associated with each habitat were recorded and three soil samples from each site were taken to evaluate soil physical and chemical properties. Vegetative and reproductive characteristics of each population and the essential oil of the studied species in each habitat were recorded. Results were analyzed using cluster analysis method with SPSS software and correlation between evaluated traits and essential oil productivity were determined. Populations were clustered in two groups based on all studied characters. Populations collected from Kerman and Esfahan provinces were located in a same group and populations from Semnan province were placed in an independent group. Differences between these two groups may be from different climates in their habitats and their adaptation to the different environmental factors. According to the results, the best vegetative and also reproductive characters such as flowering stem length, leaf length and width, number of flowers per inflorescence and corolla length and also the highest essential oil production (2-3%) were recorded for specimens from Kerman province; therefore, it is recommended for breeding programs or cultivation.
A. Kheiry; F. Sefidkon; M. Delshad; M.R. Fattahi Moghaddam; A. Izadi
Abstract
Achillea millefolium L. from Asteraceae family is considered as an important medicinal plant in the world and also in our country which has considerable secondary metabolites, especially essential oils. Active substances of this plant are used not only in old and modern medicine but also in hygienic, ...
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Achillea millefolium L. from Asteraceae family is considered as an important medicinal plant in the world and also in our country which has considerable secondary metabolites, especially essential oils. Active substances of this plant are used not only in old and modern medicine but also in hygienic, cosmetic and medical industry. In this research, we studied yield and chemical composition of yarrow essential oils from 15 different ecological regions of Iran. For essential oils isolation, the aerial parts of the plant were collected from habitats, in June and July 2009 at full flowering stage. Samples were dried at room temperature and the essential oils were prepared by hydrodistillation method.The oil yields were calculated on dry weight basis and the analysis of the essential oils was carried out by GC and GC-MS. The results showed that total content of essential oils was variable from 0.32 - 0.72% in different populations. The color of the essential oils varied from pale yellow to dark blue and a close relation was found between composition and color of the essential oils. According to the results, essential oil of Achillea millefolium L. in populations of Iran showed a great diversity with regard to the type of the chemical compositions (high chemical polymorphism). Regarding the major components of the oils, seven chemotypes were identified as follows: 1) 1,8-cineole, 2) p-Cymene, 3) cubenol, 4) chamazulene, 5) chrysanthenone + camphor, 6) Lavandulyl acetate + camphor, and 7) camphor + Limonene.
