Agriculture and horticulture
A. Javanmard; M. Rahimi; M. Amani Machiani; M. Janmohammadi; R. Habibi Machiani
Abstract
To evaluate the effects of different irrigation levels and foliar application of nutrients, on dry matter yield and essential oil content and composition of peppermint (Mentha piperita L.), a field experiment was conducted as a split plot based on a randomized complete block design, with 12 treatments ...
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To evaluate the effects of different irrigation levels and foliar application of nutrients, on dry matter yield and essential oil content and composition of peppermint (Mentha piperita L.), a field experiment was conducted as a split plot based on a randomized complete block design, with 12 treatments and three replications, at the faculty of Agriculture, University of Maragheh, Iran in 2021. The factors included irrigation as the main factor at three levels (irrigation after 20 (control), 40 (moderate stress), and 60% (severe stress) of the maximum allowable moisture depletion) and fertilizer source as the sub-factor at four levels (non-application of fertilizer (control), and foliar application of Macromix gold, Ecoquel micromix, and Vitalem forte). The results demonstrated that the highest (280.5 g.m-2) and lowest (113.7 g.m-2) total dry weight were obtained under normal irrigation conditions (control) with the application of Macromix gold and severe stress without fertilizer application, respectively. Total dry weight decreased by 22.7 and 40.3% under moderate and severe drought stress conditions, respectively compared to normal irrigation. Macromix gold, Vitalem forte, and Ecoquel micromix application enhanced the amount of total dry weight by 37.7, 23.8, and 17.1% compared to no fertilizer application, respectively. The highest content (2.1%) and essential oil yield (4.5 g.m-2) and also the highest amount of menthol (40.9%), menthone (28.1%), and cineole (6.2%) in the essential oil were observerd under moderate water stress conditions fertilized with Macromix gold. Based on the obtained results, the foliar application of Macromix gold could be recommended as an effective solution to enhance the quantity and quality of the peppermint essential oil under drought stress conditions.
S. Hazrati; Z. Tahmasebi Sarvestani2; A.R. Sadeghi Bakhtoori
Abstract
Aloe barbadensis Miller. is one of the most economically important medicinal plants in many countries of the world. This investigation aimed at evaluating the effects of water stress and zeolite on growth, yield and chemical compositions of A. barbadensis. The study was conducted in the research greenhouse ...
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Aloe barbadensis Miller. is one of the most economically important medicinal plants in many countries of the world. This investigation aimed at evaluating the effects of water stress and zeolite on growth, yield and chemical compositions of A. barbadensis. The study was conducted in the research greenhouse of Faculty of Agriculture, Tarbiat Modares University. The plants were harvested 90, 180 and 270 days after imposing the treatments. Water deficit stress decreased growth, leaf fresh and gel fresh weight and increased biochemical compounds. The results showed that the greatest number of new leaves and pup were produced by the plants irrigated 20% and 40% FC with 8 g zeolite, respectively. Generally, the highest leaf fresh and gel fresh weight were observed 270 days after imposing the treatments when plants were irrigated after depleting 40% of the FC and amendment with 8 g zeolite (624.13 and 397.17 g), respectively. The water use efficiency increased with less water and more zeolite availability. The highest water use efficiency of leaf and gel was obtained from the plants irrigated after depleting 60% of field capacity and treated with 8 g zeolite. In addition, the results indicated that the maximum aloin concentration (23.48%) and proline accumulation (0.85 (mg [g FW]-1) were obtained 90 days after imposing the treatments when the plants were irrigated after depleting 80% and 60% of FC where no zeolite was applied, respectively. Irrigation after 80% depletion of FC without zeolite application resulted in the highest fructose and glucose content, respectively (234.71 and 79.83 mg g DW−1). In general, application of zeolite could alleviate water stress adverse effects, and improved plant growth and yield. Severe water stress decreased leaf yield and plant growth, while caused an increase in biochemical compounds.
M. Dashti; M. Mirza; M. Kafi; H. Tavakkoli
Abstract
The effects of water deficit on yield, essential oil contents and composition of Noroozak (Salvia leriifolia Benth.) were investigated at Khorasan-e-Razavi Agricultural and Natural Resources Research Center, Mashhad-Iran. The treatments were deficit irrigation based on actual evapotranspiration (ETc) ...
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The effects of water deficit on yield, essential oil contents and composition of Noroozak (Salvia leriifolia Benth.) were investigated at Khorasan-e-Razavi Agricultural and Natural Resources Research Center, Mashhad-Iran. The treatments were deficit irrigation based on actual evapotranspiration (ETc) at the rate of 100% (fully irrigated), 66.6% (moderate stress), 33.3% (severe stress) and non-irrigated (control). The experiment was analyzed in a randomized complete block design with three replications. Results indicated that the essential oil percentage of green leaves and flowering stem in severe stress and control was significantly (P≤0.05) higher than that of fully irrigated treatment. The highest and lowest dry matter yields were obtained in fully irrigated and control treatments, respectively. Severe deficit (P≤0.05) decreased the essential oil yield significantly but it was not affected in moderate stress. Results also showed that 1, 8-cineol, β-pinene and borneol were the main essential oil constituents in all water deficit treatments, included nearly 50% of total essential oil contents. The above essential oil constituents in control treatment increased by 21.1%, 7% and 15.3% in green leaves and 39%, 12% and 55% in flowering stems in comparison with fully irrigated treatment. However cedren-13-ol and δ-cadinene decreased by 58.5% and 46% in green leaves and 52% and 14% in flowering stems, respectively.
S.M. Moosavi; S.G.R. Moosavi; M.J. Seghatoleslami
Abstract
In order to study the effect of drought stress at different growth reproductive stages and N fertilizer rates on some morphological and quantitative traits and water use efficiency (WUE) of fennel(Foenicolum vulgare Mill.), an experiment was conducted as a split-plot based on a Randomized ...
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In order to study the effect of drought stress at different growth reproductive stages and N fertilizer rates on some morphological and quantitative traits and water use efficiency (WUE) of fennel(Foenicolum vulgare Mill.), an experiment was conducted as a split-plot based on a Randomized Complete Block Design with three replications, at Research Field of Islamic Azad University of Birjand Branch in 2010. The main plot included irrigation at three levels (irrigation stop at start of flowering, and seed-filling stages, and optimum irrigation) and the sub-plot was N fertilizer at four rates (0, 60, 120 and 180 kg N/ha). Results showed that irrigation stop at start of flowering and seed-filling stages decreased plant height by 16.2 and 5.2%, fruit yield by 69.7 and 52.6%, essential oil yield by 72.9 and 31.4%, and WUE for essential oil production by 69.1 and 4.5%, respectively as compared to optimum irrigation treatment. Moreover, the increase in rate of nitrogen application from 0 to 120 kg N/ha significantly increased plant height, stem diameter, branch number of main stem and fruit yield, 5.8, 12, 15.5 and 24.3%, respectively. However, the highest yield and WUE for essential oil production was observed in 60 kg N/ha application treatment. In general, according to the results of current study, optimum irrigation with 60 kg N/ha application treatment can be recommended to achieve high essential oil yield of fennel in Birjand, Iran.
M. Ghorbanli; ْا. Bakhshi Khaniki; S Salimi Elizei; M. Hedayati
Abstract
In this research, proline, soluble sugars, catalase and glutathione peroxidase levels which change in response to water deficiency and the effect of ascorbic acid as protecting factor in Nigella sativa L. were surveyed. Plants were cultured in greenhouse and irrigated based on the following treatments: ...
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In this research, proline, soluble sugars, catalase and glutathione peroxidase levels which change in response to water deficiency and the effect of ascorbic acid as protecting factor in Nigella sativa L. were surveyed. Plants were cultured in greenhouse and irrigated based on the following treatments: 1) Control with irrigation equal to field capacity, 2) two third of field capacity, 3) one third of field capacity, 4) two third of field capacity along with 10 mM ascorbic acid, 5) two third of field capacity along with 1 mM ascorbic acid, 6) one third of field capacity along with 10 mM ascorbic acid, 7) one third of field capacity along with 1 mM ascorbic acid. Proline and soluble sugars levels in shoots and roots were significantly different for all treatments except for the treatment with 2/3 field capacity along with 10 mM ascorbic acid. Enzymes levels in 1/3 and 2/3 treatments were significantly different in both shoots and roots. One mM ascorbic acid along with different field capacity showed no reducing effect. However, 10 mM ascorbic acid especially in 2/3 field capacity could reduce the effect of water deficit through reduction in level of metabolites produced in response to low irrigation.
