Improvement and breeding
S. Rashvand; A.A. Jafari; A.R. Fakhr-Vaezi
Abstract
Lallemantia Fisch. et Mey. is one of the most important medicinal plant genera in Iran, which is highly demanded by Iranian people due to its health benefits. This study was aimed at regenerating and domesticating some wild ecotypes of Lallemantia spp. species. The seeds of nine ecotypes from L. royleana ...
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Lallemantia Fisch. et Mey. is one of the most important medicinal plant genera in Iran, which is highly demanded by Iranian people due to its health benefits. This study was aimed at regenerating and domesticating some wild ecotypes of Lallemantia spp. species. The seeds of nine ecotypes from L. royleana (Benth.) Benth., five ecotypes from L. iberica (M.Bieb.) Fisch. & C.A. Mey., and five ecotypes from L. peltata (L.) Fisch. & C.A.Mey. were prepared from the Natural Resources Gene Bank, Iran and planted in a randomized complete block design with three replications in the research farm of Qazvin Agricultural and Natural Resources Research and Education Center, Iran in 2018. The studied traits included total plant dry weight, seed yield, plant height, plant canopy diameter, and phenological traits including days to flowering and days to seed ripening. The ANOVA between the species was performed first, then the nested ANOVA between the ecotypes within each species. The means comparison of different traits among the ecotypes within each species was done using the Tukey method. In this study, the ecotypes were divided into three separate clusters based on the cluster analysis and biplot diagram. The cluster1 ecotypes belonging to L. iberica had higher seed yield than the other two ones. In L. iberica, the highest seed weight belonged to the ecotype ‘Azadshahr’ (4.5 g plant-1) with an estimated yield of 375 kg ha-1. Finally, the superior class a ecotypes were identified in terms of seed yield and put in the process of seed propagation and certification.
Biotechnology
R. Fathi; M. Mohebodini; E. Chamani
Abstract
Summer savory (Satureja hortensis L.), an aromatic plant from fam. Lamiaceae, is used in the food and pharmaceutical industries due to its compounds such as thymol and carvacrol as antioxidant and antimicrobial compounds. In this research, the diversity of morphological and phytochemical traits between ...
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Summer savory (Satureja hortensis L.), an aromatic plant from fam. Lamiaceae, is used in the food and pharmaceutical industries due to its compounds such as thymol and carvacrol as antioxidant and antimicrobial compounds. In this research, the diversity of morphological and phytochemical traits between the Iranian and foreign countries accessions of summer savory cultivated under field conditions were evaluated. The seeds of different accessions were planted in a randomized complete blocks design with three replications in Ardabil city in 2019. The studied traits included the number of internodes, shoots, and flowers per plant, days to seed germination, length/width ratio of leaves, crown diameter, dry weight of aerial parts, leaf fresh weight, peduncle length, 1000-seed weight, flower dry weight, days to seed ripening, and content of chlorophylls a and b, carotenoids, and flavonoids. The results of this study showed that the highest number of internodes (10.33) and shoots (24.43), and flower dry weight (3.33 mg) were observed in Khuzestan accession. The highest correlation was observed between the aerial parts dry weight and 1000-seed weight (r= 0.92). Cluster analysis divided the accessions into four major groups. The accessions West Azerbaijan, Qazvin, Tehran, Kurdistan, Lorestan, Razavi Khorasan, and Italy were placed in the first cluster, and Tajikistan, Hungary, Armenia, Romania1, Romania2, Khuzestan, Greece, Russia, Georgia, and North Khorasan in the second one. Also, the accessions Gilan and Yazd were put in the third group and Uzbekistan in the fourth one. Factor analysis indicated that the seven factors could explain 86.59% of the total variance. The results suggested that S. hortensis accessions of Iran and other countries had a high genetic diversity that can be used in the breeding programs. Overall, according to the results, the accessions Uzbekistan and Greece could be recommended in terms of dry matter yield and phytochemical characteristics, respectively.
M. Mottaghi; P. Salehi Shanjani; A.A. Jafari; M. Mirza; M.R. Bihamta
Abstract
Molecular, morphological and phenological markers were used to detect genetic diversity in several populations of Anthemis haussknechtii' Boiss. & Reut. growing in six different provinces in center and west of Iran. Variance analysis of morphologicalandphenological traits showed that all traits were ...
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Molecular, morphological and phenological markers were used to detect genetic diversity in several populations of Anthemis haussknechtii' Boiss. & Reut. growing in six different provinces in center and west of Iran. Variance analysis of morphologicalandphenological traits showed that all traits were significantly different among populations. Essential oil percentage, number of flowering stems and flower diameter showed the highest coefficient of variation (45.76, 38.76 and 32.86%, respectively). Six ISSR primers revealed 55 polymorphic bands, of which 38 (69.1%) were polymorphic. The ranges of distance between populations were varied from 0.009 to 0.439. According to the derived dendrogram from UPGMA, at a similarity level of 0.66, the populations were divided into two main groups. Grouping populations based on molecular markers was in accordance with geographical grouping. Among the populations, Ilam population is recommended for tropical areas with proper irrigation conditions, Ardakan and Khorramabad populations for commercial operators and research centers and Maybod population for cultivation in arid and semi-arid regions. Wide domain of genetic variation in this study could be considered as an available gene pool for A. haussknechtii improvement through selection and hybridization programs. Therefore, conservation strategies should be provided to maintain such diversity to apply in future breeding programs.
R. Shahhoseini; A. Babaei; M. Mirmasoomi; R. Omidbaigi
Abstract
Jujube (Ziziphus jujube Mill.) is one of the medicinal plants containing mucilage and is used in the fields of pharmaceutical, medical, healthcare and industrial purposes. In evaluation of medicinal plants, secondary metabolites could be considered as a valuable indicator. In this experiment, optimizing ...
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Jujube (Ziziphus jujube Mill.) is one of the medicinal plants containing mucilage and is used in the fields of pharmaceutical, medical, healthcare and industrial purposes. In evaluation of medicinal plants, secondary metabolites could be considered as a valuable indicator. In this experiment, optimizing extraction method of mucilage was evaluated based on the Patumi and Karawya methods and comparing the amount of mucilage in jujube ecotypes. For this purpose, 25 ecotypes of jujube were collected from different parts of the country. Research was performed in two separate experiments in a completely randomized design with four replications in the Genetics and Plant Physiology lab of the University of Tehran during 1388 and 1389. Results of this study showed that warm extraction was identified as the most suitable method. Also, results showed that there were significant differences among ecotypes in terms of amount of mucilage. The variation range of mucilage differed among the ecotypes from 28/92% to 11/58%. Maximum amount of mucilage was recorded for ecotypes of Kasva (Qom) and Kolaleh (Mazandaran). Generally, results of this research could be used to select the best ecotypes for medicinal purposes as well as providing good information for linebreeding of the valuable medicinal plant.
M. Yousefi; V. Nazeri; M. Mirza
Abstract
Salvia leriifolia Benth. is one of the valuable medicinal plants of Lamiaceae. In order to evaluate genetic diversity among natural populations of Salvia leriifolia, 12 natural populations were chosen from South Khorasan, Razavi Khorasan and Semnan provinces. To study and evaluate 33 vegetative and reproductive ...
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Salvia leriifolia Benth. is one of the valuable medicinal plants of Lamiaceae. In order to evaluate genetic diversity among natural populations of Salvia leriifolia, 12 natural populations were chosen from South Khorasan, Razavi Khorasan and Semnan provinces. To study and evaluate 33 vegetative and reproductive morphological traits with five replications, 15 complete plants were collected from each locality at flowering and seeding stages. Flowering stems were used in order to extract the essential oil. Mean comparisons of data was performed by Duncan's multiple range test at 5% level of probability using SAS software. The populations were clustered by Ward method using SPSS software. Results showed that this plant grew well in a height of 1000-1533 above sea level, with an average temperature of 15-23ºcm and a precipitation of 80-194 mm in year. The most important morphological traits such as plant height, leaf length and width, were in the range of 18.9-35.8, 6.59-15.29 and 18.2- 29.7 cm, respectively. Maximum and minimum essential oil yield with 1.37 and 0.69 percent were obtained for Najmabad and Tabas Sabzevar, respectively. Populations of Salvia leriifolia were classified into three groups based upon collection locations. Results showed that "Najmabad" and "Bejestan" populations could be recommended for breeding and domestication programs because of appropriate morphological traits and abundant essential oil yield. Meanwhile, conservation of these populations is highly recommended.
