Improvement and breeding
H. Hasan-beigi; M. Saidi; M. Mohammadi
Abstract
To investigate the effects of foliar application of gibberellic acid (GA3) and salicylic acid (SA) on the morphophysiological, biochemical, and yield characteristics of Echinacea purpurea (L.) Moench, an experiment began as a factorial in a randomized complete blocks design with three replications at ...
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To investigate the effects of foliar application of gibberellic acid (GA3) and salicylic acid (SA) on the morphophysiological, biochemical, and yield characteristics of Echinacea purpurea (L.) Moench, an experiment began as a factorial in a randomized complete blocks design with three replications at the research farm of Agriculture Faculty, Ilam University, Iran, by sowing the plants in 2018 and continued by evaluating the plant characteristics for the two consecutive years (2018 & 2019). The experimental treatments included the foliar spray of plants during vegetative growth period with GA3 (0, 100, and 200 ppm) and SA (0, 100, and 200 ppm) as well as their combinations. The results showed that the highest plant height, number of flowers, and fresh and dry weight of the plants (in both years) were obtained in the GA3-200 ppm treatment and the highest amount of total chlorophyll and carotenoids (in both years) in the GA3-100 ppm one. The highest capitol diameter and fresh and dry weight of flowers in the first year and the highest anthocyanins content in the second year were observed in the GA3-200 ppm treatment. Also, the highest capitol diameter in the second year and the highest anthocyanins content in the first year were obtained in the SA-100 ppm treatment. In addition, the highest fresh and dry weight of flowers in the second year was recorded in the SA-200 ppm treatment. The highest essential oil amount of flowers, shoots (without flowers), and total essential oil (in both years) were obtained in the GA3-100 ppm+SA-100 ppm combination treatment. Considering that increasing the plant dry matter yield as well as essential oil content were the most important objectives of this study, the GA3-200 ppm treatment for the plant dry weight increase and the GA3-100 ppm+SA-100 ppm combination treatment for the essential oil content increase could be suggested as the best treatments.
A. Rahbary; H. Fatemi; B. Esmailpour
Abstract
Recently, various methods have been used to alleviate the detrimental effects of pollutants. The application of biofertilizers with respect to their positive impacts on soil characteristics and environment can be served as a suitable alternative to many of these methods. In order to investigate the two-way ...
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Recently, various methods have been used to alleviate the detrimental effects of pollutants. The application of biofertilizers with respect to their positive impacts on soil characteristics and environment can be served as a suitable alternative to many of these methods. In order to investigate the two-way effect of bacterium Pseudomonas fluorescens on plant growth, physiological and biochemical characteristics of dill (Anethum graveolens L.) under Pb stress conditions, a factorial experiment based on a completely randomized design with three replications was conducted at Mohaghegh Ardabili University. Experimental treatments included Pb stress at two levels (0 and 600 ppm) and bacterial inoculation at three levels (inoculation with Pseudomonas fluorescens strains150 and 159 separately and without inoculation (control)). The results of this study showed that the growth characteristics such as leaf number, plant height, and shoot fresh and dry weight were significantly affected by Pb contamination and shoot fresh and dry weight, leaf number and plant height decreased by 22, 31, 19 and 9%, respectively. The content of proline and carbohydrates in dill showed a significant increase under the influence of lead. Bacterial inoculation also increased the content of proline and plant carbohydrates, which was more pronounced in inoculation with strain150. The activity of antioxidant enzymes was significantly influenced by Pb contamination and bacterial inoculation. Pb increased peroxidase but decreased catalase activity, but inoculation with Pseudomonas bacteria, especially strain 150, significantly increased the activity of both enzymes. In addition, the bacteria were able to reduce the amount of Pb in dill. In general, the results of this experiment indicated that Pseudomonas bacterial inoculation was effective in alleviating the effects of Pb stress on dill via growth promotion and improving enzymatic activity.
V. Payamnoor; R. Jafari Hajati
Abstract
Birch (Betula pendula Roth.) is one of the most important species exposed to extinction due to the limited natural habitat and lack of regeneration. Plant tissue culture technique is an appropriate solution for asexual reproduction of this species and to protect it in controlled conditions. In ...
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Birch (Betula pendula Roth.) is one of the most important species exposed to extinction due to the limited natural habitat and lack of regeneration. Plant tissue culture technique is an appropriate solution for asexual reproduction of this species and to protect it in controlled conditions. In this research, callogenesis of B. pendula was investigated using five types of explants (leave, stem, nodal, petiole and bark) in WPM and NT media enriched with two hormonal combinations including A) 1mg/l BAP, 0.1 mg/l 2,4-D and B) 0.1 mg/l BAP, 0.01mg/l TDZ). The results indicated that the minimum callogenesis was observed in nodal and petiole explants in NT medium enriched with A hormonal combination. Callogenesis, fresh and dry weight of bark, stem and leave explants were significantly decreased in WPM and NT media containing B hormonal combination as compared with A hormonal combination. The maximum callogenesis was observed in bark explant in WPM (81.14) and NT (70.36) media with A hormonal combination as compared with other explants. The average fresh and dry weight of this explant in NT medium was more than that of WPM medium with the same hormonal combination.
H. Hadizadeh; M. Mohebodini; B. Esmaeilpoor
Abstract
Roots are the site for biosynthesis or accumulation of major plant secondary metabolites. In recent decades, many researchers have focused on the biosynthesis of valuable secondary metabolites in hairy roots. This study was conducted to optimize the induction andthe culture conditions of adventitious ...
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Roots are the site for biosynthesis or accumulation of major plant secondary metabolites. In recent decades, many researchers have focused on the biosynthesis of valuable secondary metabolites in hairy roots. This study was conducted to optimize the induction andthe culture conditions of adventitious and hairy roots of chicory (Cichorium intybus L.) using auxins IAA, IBA and NAA. This study was performed in two steps. In the first step, the leaf explant was cultured on MS solid medium for rootinduction with different concentrations of IAA and NAA (0, 0.3, 0.6 and 1 mg 1-1). The highest rootinduction (100 %) and the highest mean number of roots were obtained at concentration of 1 mg 1-1 NAA. In the second step, the adventitious and hairy rootsobtained from leaf explants were cultured in MS liquid medium with different concentrations of IAA, IBA and NAA (0, 0.5, 1 and 1.5 mg 1-1). According to the results, the highest fresh and dry weight was obtained in MS liquid medium containing 0.3 mg 1-1 NAA and 1.5 mg 1-1 IBA and hairy roots were only established in treatments containing NAA hormone.
L. Safaei; E. Sharifi Ashoorabadi; D. Afiuni; S. Davazdah Emami; A.A. Shoaii
Abstract
In order to study the effects of different methods of soil fertilization on thyme (Thymus daenensis Celak), a research was carried out during 2007- 2010 in Research Center for Agriculture and Natural Resources, Esfahan. The experiment was laid out as a split plot in a randomized complete block design ...
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In order to study the effects of different methods of soil fertilization on thyme (Thymus daenensis Celak), a research was carried out during 2007- 2010 in Research Center for Agriculture and Natural Resources, Esfahan. The experiment was laid out as a split plot in a randomized complete block design with three replications. The treatments were four fertilizing systems including NPK in three levels of N=100, P=50 and k=50, N=150, P=100 and k=100, N=200, P=150 and k=150 in conventional cropping systems, four levels of manure fertilizer (5, 15, 25 and 35 ton/ha) in organic method, and combination of chemical and manure fertilizers in four levels (N=80, P=64 and k=64 Kg/ha with 5 ton/ha manure fertilizer, N=60, P=48 and k=48 Kg/ha with 15 ton/ha manure fertilizer, N=40, P=32 and k=32 Kg/ha with 25 ton/ha manure fertilizer, N=20, P=16 and k=16 Kg/ha with 35 ton/ha manure fertilizer in intermediate nutrition management and control. Based on the results, shoot dry yield and oil yield in intermediate nutrition treatment were higher as compared to other treatments.Also the highest shoot dry yield and oil yield was obtained from the first harvesting stage. The first harvesting stage of intermediate nutrition treatment (combination of 35 ton/ha manure and NPK= 40- 32- 32 Kg/ha) in the second year, had the highest amount of shoot dry yield and oil yield (2597.78 and 81.63 kg/ha, respectively). Therefore, in comparison with control, shoot dry yield and oil yield increased by 112.73% and 163.32%, respectively. A positive and significant correlation was observed between shoot dry yield and oil yield, essential oil percentage and dry weight to wet weight ratio. Consequently, the combination of NPK and manure fertilizers could be recommended as a suitable nutrition source for plant as well as the improvement of soil structure.
Z. karimian Fariman; A. Mousavi Bazaz; M. Banayan Aval
Abstract
Leaf area (LA) is a key variable for physiological studies, therefore accurate and simple models determining leaf area of plants are important for many experimental comparisons. Measuring the leaf area of Dracocephalum moldavica L. either as a medicinal plant or a vegetable is one of the most important ...
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Leaf area (LA) is a key variable for physiological studies, therefore accurate and simple models determining leaf area of plants are important for many experimental comparisons. Measuring the leaf area of Dracocephalum moldavica L. either as a medicinal plant or a vegetable is one of the most important factors. For this purpose, an experiment was conducted at research greenhouse of Ferdowsi University of Mashhad. For estimation of leaf area of this plant, leaf dry weight, leaf fresh weight and leaf dimensions (width and length) were measured. Regression analyses of LA versus FW, DW, L and W revealed several models that could be used for estimating the area of individual leaves of Dracocephalum moldavica. Among all models studied in this experiment, LA = 0.510(L+W)0.946 and LA=0.510(L2×W2)0.473provided the most accurate estimate (R2 = 0.887, RMSE = 0.655 and R2 = 0.887, RMSE = 0.656) of LA, respectively. It can be concluded that regressions using L×W and L2×W2 may better estimate the leaf area. However, leaf length and width solely didn’t display a good estimation of leaf area. Also these models were validated and showed that they could predict the leaf area of Dracocephalum moldavica quickly and precively.
