Biotechnology
N. Nematshahi; P. Abrishamchi; T. Radjabian; S.A. Salami
Abstract
Salvia leriifolia Benth. is one of the native Iranian medicinal plants which has been received attention in recent years due to its numerous therapeutic properties. The pharmaceutical properties of this species have been attributed to the presence of phenolic compounds, especially phenolic acids. The ...
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Salvia leriifolia Benth. is one of the native Iranian medicinal plants which has been received attention in recent years due to its numerous therapeutic properties. The pharmaceutical properties of this species have been attributed to the presence of phenolic compounds, especially phenolic acids. The present study investigated the effect of plant age (phenology) on the gene expression and activity of phenolic acid-biosynthetic enzymes. Plant seeds were collected from Torbat-e-Heydariyeh (Khorasan Razavi province, Iran) and planted under greenhouse conditions. Leaves were sampled at 8-, 16- and 24-leaf stages of the growth period. Total contents of phenols, flavonoids, and phenolic acids were measured using spectrophotometry, and the phenolic acid profile was determined by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). The activities of phenylalanine ammonia-lyase (PAL) and tyrosine aminotransferase (TAT) were measured by spectrophotometry, and the activity of rosmarinic acid synthase (RAS) was evaluated by HPLC. The relative expression of the corresponding genes was quantified by RT-PCR. The results showed that the content of all phenolic compounds and the activities of TAT and RAS enzymes/genes increased significantly (p < /em>≤0.05) with increasing plant age. At the 24-leaf stage, the total content of phenols, flavonoids, and phenolic acids were 3.47-, 2.80-, and 7.78-fold of those measured at the 8-leaf stage, respectively. The concentration of rosmarinic acid and caffeic acid (0.69 and 0.36 mg/g DW at the 8-leaf stage, respectively) increased by 3.41- and 4.05-fold during the vegetative growth, respectively. Lithospermic acid and salvianolic acids had a smaller share of total phenolic acids (0.01-0.06 mg/g DW at the 8-leaf stage), and their contents increased 2- to 10-fold with increasing plant age. Also, a strong positive correlation was observed between plant age and phenolic acid accumulation and between plant age and the activity and gene expression of TAT and RAS. TAT enzyme might play the main role in the biosynthesis of rosmarinic acid compared to PAL.
M. Modarres
Abstract
Salvia leriifolia Benth., belonging to Lamiaceae, has antinociceptive, anti-inflammatory, antidiabetic and antioxidant properties. In order to callus induction from apical meristem and embryo of salvia leriifolia to produce phenolic acids, an experiment was carried out in a completely randomized design. ...
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Salvia leriifolia Benth., belonging to Lamiaceae, has antinociceptive, anti-inflammatory, antidiabetic and antioxidant properties. In order to callus induction from apical meristem and embryo of salvia leriifolia to produce phenolic acids, an experiment was carried out in a completely randomized design. The apical meristem and embryo explants were cultured in MS medium supplemented with 2,4-D (0, 1, 2, 3mg/L), KIN (0, 0.3, 1mg/L), BAP (0, 0.5, 1, 2, 3mg/L) and NAA (0, 0.5, 1, 1.5mg/L). The fresh and dry weights were evaluated and accumulation of phenolic acids was measured after four weeks of culture by HPLC. The best treatments for callus induction and growth was at the 2,4-D 2mg/L and KIN 1mg/L. Accumulation of caffeic acid in embryo callus was higher than that of leaves of Salvia leriifolias and concentration of rosmarinic acid was comparable to the leaves. The highest salvianolic acid B concentration was found in callus of apical meristem that was about four times higher than that of leaves.
M. Kamalizadeh; M.R. Bihamta; S.A. Peyghambari; J. Hadian
Abstract
In order to evaluate the effect of titanium dioxide nanoparticles on the production of rosmarinic acid and chlorogenic acid, this nanoparticle with eight different concentrations (0, 5, 10, 20, 30, 50, 100 and 15 ppm) in a completely randomized design with three replications at flowering stage was sprayed ...
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In order to evaluate the effect of titanium dioxide nanoparticles on the production of rosmarinic acid and chlorogenic acid, this nanoparticle with eight different concentrations (0, 5, 10, 20, 30, 50, 100 and 15 ppm) in a completely randomized design with three replications at flowering stage was sprayed on Urmia genotype of Dragonhead (Dracocephalum moldavica L.) planted in the greenhouse, college of agriculture, Tehran university. At full flowering stage, plant shoots were harvested and dried in the shade for a week and then the amount of two major phenolic compounds of extraction were analyzed by high-performance liquid chromatography. Excel and SAS software were used for statistical analysis. Results showed statistically significant differences among different treatments. The production of these two compounds raised in low concentration of nanoparticle treatment up to 30 ppm extract, whereas rosmarinic acid content was decreased in high concentration of nanoparticle treatment. Average content of rosmarinic acid and chlorogenic acid in Urmia genotypes was 123.2 and 54µg/g extract, respectively. Therefore, nanopartcle induced the production rate of phenolic compounds in low concentration.
A. Riahi-Madvar; K. Yousefi; M. Nasiri-Bezenjani
Abstract
Lemon balm(Mellissa offisinalis L.) belongs to the Lamiaceae family with medicinal properties such as anti-bacterial, anti-depressants, anti-inflammatory, anti-cancer and anti-viral effects. The most pharmacological effects of this plant are related to its active ingredient, rosmarinic acid. In this ...
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Lemon balm(Mellissa offisinalis L.) belongs to the Lamiaceae family with medicinal properties such as anti-bacterial, anti-depressants, anti-inflammatory, anti-cancer and anti-viral effects. The most pharmacological effects of this plant are related to its active ingredient, rosmarinic acid. In this research, the effects of different concentration of elicitors, yeast extract (0, 0.5, 1 and 2 mg/mL) and copper (0, 4, 8 and 16 μM) at different time intervals (4, 8 and 16 h) were investigated on rosmarinic acid and total flavonoid contents in 30-day-old seedlings of lemon balm greenhouse conditions. Results showed a significant effect of yeast extract on rosmarinic acid production, especially after 4 and 8 hours of treatment with this elicitor. The highest amount of this compound was observed in seedlings treated with 1 mg/mL of this elicitor. On the other hand, copper elicitor at all used concentrations and the duration time of treatment (except for 4 μM for 16 hours) significantly increased rosmarinic acid production, so that this elicitor at concentration of 8 µM for 8 hours treatment could induce rosmarinic acid level about 7-fold. It seems that the elevated level of this active ingredient under treatment with these elicitors is due to the induction of reactive oxygen radicals and jasmonic acid biosynthesis and subsequently expression of some genes involving in rosmaric acid biosynthesis.
B. Fattahi; V. Nazeri; S. Kalantari; M. Bonfill
Abstract
GenusSalvia, belonging to the Labiatae family, has valuable active ingredients including essential oils, flavonoids and rosmarinic acid. Pharmacological researches on Salvia genus have confirmed medicinal properties of the plant including antibacterial and antioxidant effects. Total flavonoids, rosmarinic ...
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GenusSalvia, belonging to the Labiatae family, has valuable active ingredients including essential oils, flavonoids and rosmarinic acid. Pharmacological researches on Salvia genus have confirmed medicinal properties of the plant including antibacterial and antioxidant effects. Total flavonoids, rosmarinic acid and the content and chemical compounds of essential oil of three populations of Salvia reuterana Boiss., collected from three regions of Iran (Deli chai, Kaswa and Shahmirzad), as well as Salvia palaestina Benth., collected from Rodbarak, were evaluated in present study. Fifty-six compounds of S. reuterana and S. palaestina were identified by GC-MS. The most important chemical compositions for S. reuterana were α-gurjunen, β-elemene, germacern-D, N-hexyl acetate and spatholenol and for S. palaestina were caryophyllen, dihydro carveol, germacern-D, linalool and spatholenol. Diethyl ether extract of leaves was used for quantification and identification of flavonoids and rosmarinic acid. The crushed leaves of the plant were dissolved in diethyl ether solvent and then were injected into the LC-DAD-ESI-MS system. Total flavonoids amount of S. reuterana, collected from Kaswa, Deli chai and Shahmirzad were calculated to be 3252.76, 3697.19 and 5132.92 µg/ g, respectively. Also the amount of rosmarinic acid in plants, collected from Kaswa, Deli chai and Shahmirzad was 122, 177.11 and 98.46 µg/ g, respectively. S. palaestina Rodbarak showed 3808 and 19.72 µg/g of total flavonoids and rosmarinic acid, respectively.
