Agriculture and horticulture
J. Maleki; E. Sharifi Ashoorabadi; M. Mirza; H. Heydari Sharif Abad; M.H. Lebaschy
Abstract
To investigate the effects of soil fertility methods on economic yield and essential oil compositions of Nigella sativa L., an experiment was conducted in a randomized complete block design with three replications. Experimental treatments included different levels of NPK chemical fertilizer, manure, ...
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To investigate the effects of soil fertility methods on economic yield and essential oil compositions of Nigella sativa L., an experiment was conducted in a randomized complete block design with three replications. Experimental treatments included different levels of NPK chemical fertilizer, manure, NPK+ manure, and NPK+ manure+ inoculation of Azorizobium biofertilizer. Seed yield, aerial parts yield, and percentage, yield, and essential oil compounds were studied. The results showed that the highest seed yield (1270.43 kg.ha-1) was obtained in the 40 kg.ha-1 N+ 32 kg.ha-1 P+ 40 kg.ha-1 K+ 30 ton.ha-1 manure treatment. The highest percentage (0.25%) and essential oil yield (2.8 kg.ha-1) was obtained in the 40 kg.ha-1 N+ 32 kg.ha-1 P+ 40 kg.ha-1 K+ 30 ton.ha-1 manure+ Azurizobium treatment. The highest thymoquinone percentage (14.9%) was observed in the 30 ton.ha-1 manure treatment. Overall, the integrated and biological treatments had the most positive effects on seed yield and essential oil percentage of N. sativa. The use of suitable fertilizer sources not only increased the yield, essential oil percentage, and thymoquinone content in Nigella sativa, but also reduced the consequences of excessive use of chemical fertilizers. The use of integrated fertilization methods is an effective step to achieve the sustainable agriculture goals.
Agriculture and horticulture
J. Maleki; E. Sharifi Ashourabadi; M. Mirza; H. Heydari Sharifabad; M.H. Lebaschy
Abstract
To investigate the effects of soil fertility methods on the quantitative yield and oil of medicinal plant black cumin (Nigella sativa L.), an experiment was conducted in a randomized complete blocks design with three replications. Experimental treatments included different levels of NPK chemical fertilizers, ...
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To investigate the effects of soil fertility methods on the quantitative yield and oil of medicinal plant black cumin (Nigella sativa L.), an experiment was conducted in a randomized complete blocks design with three replications. Experimental treatments included different levels of NPK chemical fertilizers, different levels of manure, combination of NPK+manure, and combination of NPK+manure with Azorhizobium biofertilizer inoculation. The results showed that plant nutrition increased plant height, plant dry weight, number of lateral branches, leaf area index, number of capsules per plant, number of seeds per capsule, grain yield, biological yield, relative leaf water content, and percentage and oil yield. The highest quantitative and qualitative characteristics were obtained in the chemical nutrition in the treatment of NPK: 120-96-120 (kg ha-1) and in the manure nutrition in the treatment of manure: 20 ton ha-1. In the chemical+manure combined method, the treatment of NPK: 40-32-40 (kg ha-1)+manure: 30 ton ha-1 was the best one. In the chemical+manure+biological combined method, the treatment of manure: 30 ton ha-1+ Azorhizobium+ NPK: 40-32-40 (kg ha-1) was observed as the most appropriate treatment. Overall, the combined treatment of NPK: 40-32-40 (kg ha-1) + manure: 30 ton ha-1+ Azorhizobium had the most positive effect on improving the biological yield and black cumin oil percentage, which also had the lowest amount of chemical fertilizer.
M. Askary; M.A. Behdani; S. Parsa; M. Jamialahmadi; S. Mahmoodi
Abstract
This research was aimed to evaluate the effects of drought and manure on some physiological characteristics and yield of Thymus vulgaris L. and Thymus daenensis Celak.The study was conducted as factorial based on a randomized complete block design (RCBD) with three replications during crop years of 2015 ...
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This research was aimed to evaluate the effects of drought and manure on some physiological characteristics and yield of Thymus vulgaris L. and Thymus daenensis Celak.The study was conducted as factorial based on a randomized complete block design (RCBD) with three replications during crop years of 2015 and 2016 at the agriculture research farm of University of Birjand, Iran. Experimental factors were including: water stress at three levels (100%, 67% and 33% of field capacity), manure at two levels (30 tons.ha-1 and no manure), and two thyme species (Thymus vulgaris L. and Thymus daenensis Celak). Water stress reduced stomatal conductance, relative water content (RWC), Chl a, b and quantitative and qualitative yield; however, carotenoids content was increased under water stress. Although the quantity and quality yield of the study species decreased under water stress condition, manure application at 30 tons per ha led to the increased quantity and quality yield of both species. Thymus daenensis had more relative water content and quantity and quality yield (oil) in both crop years as compared with T. vulgaris. According to the results, T. daenensis can grow successfully in arid and semi-arid regions and could be recommended. There was a significant difference between two crop years; in the 2nd year, the quantity and quality yield (essential oil yield) of both study species increased.
H. Yadegari; I. Khammari; M. Salari; B.A. Fakheri; M. Rahimi; F. Bidarnamani
Abstract
Milk thistle (Silybum marianum L.), belonging to the Asteraceae family, is an annual plant and prefers light and fertile soils. Silymarin is the most important compound extracted from the seeds of this plant and it is used in the treatment of liver diseases, hepatitis, cirrhosis and liver cancer prevention. ...
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Milk thistle (Silybum marianum L.), belonging to the Asteraceae family, is an annual plant and prefers light and fertile soils. Silymarin is the most important compound extracted from the seeds of this plant and it is used in the treatment of liver diseases, hepatitis, cirrhosis and liver cancer prevention. In usual agricultural systems, the purpose of using fertilizers and their combination is to obtain the highest seed yield and quality of the active substances. In order to investigation of the effect of different fertilizers and their combination on some quantitative and qualitative characteristics of milk thistle, an experiment was arranged in split plot in a randomized complete block design with three replications in the Research Farm of Agricultural Institute, University of Zabol, during 2013-2014. In this study, the main factors were Hungary genotype (A1) and Mashhadi population (A2) and the sub factors were application of different fertilizers such as control treatment, manure, chemical fertilizer (urea + ammonium phosphate + potassium), mycorrhizal fungi (Glomus mossaea), combination of nitroxin, bio-sulfur and bio-superphosphate, combination of chemical fertilizer and manure, combination of mycorrhizal fungi and manure, and nano-iron chelate. The results showed that there was not any significant difference between Hungary genotype and Mashhadi population. Totally, the mycorrhizal fungi (G. mossaea) was the best treatment than other fertilizer treatments in the milk thistle plant and it caused enhancing the growth and better activity of photosynthetic pigments as well as improved seed yield and increased silymarin substance in the milk thistle plant.
M.T. Darzi; M.R. Haj Seyed Hadi
Abstract
In order to study the effects of organic and bio-fertilizers on some quantitative and qualitative characters of dragonhead (Dracocephalum moldavica L.), an experiment was conducted as randomized complete blocks design with eight treatments and three replications. The study was conducted in the Research ...
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In order to study the effects of organic and bio-fertilizers on some quantitative and qualitative characters of dragonhead (Dracocephalum moldavica L.), an experiment was conducted as randomized complete blocks design with eight treatments and three replications. The study was conducted in the Research Field Station of Ran Agricultural Company in Firouzkuh, 2015. The treatments were 20 t/ha manure, 10 t/ha vermicompost, biofertilizer (Nitroxin + Bio Super Phosphat), 10 t/ha manure + 5 t/ha vermicompost, 20 t/ha manure + biofertilizer, 10 t/ha vermicompost + biofertilizer, 10 t/ha manure + 5 t/ha vermicompost + biofertilizer and chemical fertilizer (NPK: 80, 70 and 80 kg/ha). The results showed that treatments had significant effects on the traits studied except plant height, so that the highest flowering shoot no./plant, flower dry weight, plant dry weight and dry flowering yield were obtained with integrated application of 10 t/ha manure and 5 t/ha vermicompost. In addition, the highest essential oil content and geraniol in the essential oil were obtained in the treatment of application of 10 t/ha vermicompost.
J. Bardel; A. Ghanbari; M. Khajeh
Abstract
According to the necessity of using the substances reducing the harmful effects of salinity stress in areas with saline water and soil, and providing major plant nutrients through fertilizers, a split-plot experiment in a randomized complete block design with three replications was conducted at the Research ...
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According to the necessity of using the substances reducing the harmful effects of salinity stress in areas with saline water and soil, and providing major plant nutrients through fertilizers, a split-plot experiment in a randomized complete block design with three replications was conducted at the Research Farm of Zabol University during 2012. Two levels of irrigation water quality (0.59 and 4.180 dS.m-1 EC) were in the main plots, and four levels of fertilizer (control, chemical fertilizer in the ratio of 80:40:30 kg.ha-1 from CO (NH2)2, Ca(H2PO4) and K2SO4 respectively, 40 ton.ha-1 manure and combination of fertilizers in half amount of mentioned) were in sub-plots. Results showed that saline water irrigation (EC: 4.180 dS.m-1) increased the activity of CAT and APX antioxidant enzymes, and other enzyme activity was reduced. In addition, the content of putrescine (Put), spermine (Spm) and spermidine (Spd), proline and carbohydrates, sodium and photosynthetic pigments in cumin (Cuminum cyminum L.)leaves increased. A separate application of NPK-fertilizer and manure showed no significant difference for physiological traits except spermine content, proline, sodium, and potassium. The combined application of NPK-fertilizer and manure was more efficient in reducing the antioxidant enzymes activity of CAT and GPX and enhancing the content of spermidine, proline, photosynthetic pigments, and potassium. The potassium content in combined treatment (581 ppm) compared with the separate application of NPK-fertilizer and manure increased 17.61 and 18.53 percent, respectively. According to the results of this study, in order to reduce the unilateral use of chemical fertilizer and supply plant nutrients required in salinity, NPK fertilizer with 40:20:15 kg.ha-1 ratios with 20 ton.ha-1 manure is recommended.
N. Raesee; S.M.A. Vakili; G. Sarhady; F. Torkynegad
Abstract
This research was aimed to investigate the effects of different levels of manure, iron and zinc fertilizers on yield, yield components and essential oil percentage of cumin (Cuminum cyminum L.) in Jiroft during 2012-2013. The study was performed as factorial in a randomized complete blocks design with ...
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This research was aimed to investigate the effects of different levels of manure, iron and zinc fertilizers on yield, yield components and essential oil percentage of cumin (Cuminum cyminum L.) in Jiroft during 2012-2013. The study was performed as factorial in a randomized complete blocks design with three factors and 18 treatments in three replications. Manure at two levels of zero and 150 ton ha-1, zinc sulfate at three levels of 0, 25, and 40 kg ha-1and iron fertilizer at three levels of 0, 2.5, and 5 kgha-1 were applied. In this study, plant responses consisted of yield, shoot dry weight, plant height, number of seeds per plant, number of umbels, and 1000-seed weight. Results showed that manure, iron and zinc fertilizers at different levels affected shoot dry weight, yield, number of seeds per plant, number of umbels, plant height, 1000-seed weight, and essential oil percentage significantly at 1% level of significance. In addition, the interaction effects of manure and iron and zinc fertilizers were significant on shoot dry weight, yield, number of seeds per plant, and 1000-seed weight. According to the obtained results, a combined treatment of manure (15 ton ha-1), zinc sulfate (25 kg ha-1) and iron fertilizer (5kg ha-1) could be recommended to enhance the yield and yield components of cumin in Jiroft.
A. Lotfi; A.A. Vahabi Sedehi; A. Ganbari; M. Heydari
Volume 24, Issue 4 , February 2009, , Pages 506-518
Abstract
In order to investigate the effects of the two factors (deficit irrigation and manure) on yield and quality characteristic of the Plantago ovata Forssk. and experiment was conducted at the Research Farm, Zabol University. For this purpose split plot design based on completely randomized block with 4 ...
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In order to investigate the effects of the two factors (deficit irrigation and manure) on yield and quality characteristic of the Plantago ovata Forssk. and experiment was conducted at the Research Farm, Zabol University. For this purpose split plot design based on completely randomized block with 4 replications was used. Results of the variance analysis indicated that there were significant difference between irrigation levels on the yield and it’s five dependent traits except 1000 seeds weight and Biomass. The application of manure showed significant effect for all traits except 1000 seeds weight and Plant height. Levels of irrigation and manure had no significant effects on the quality characters such as amount of mucilage and swelling factor.
A. Akbarinia; A. Ghalavand; Z. Tahmasebnbi; F. Sefidcon; E. Sharifi; M.B. Rezaii
Volume 18, Issue 1 , February 2003, , Pages 89-109
Abstract
This experiment was conducted on 2001 and 2002 in reseach farm of Qazvin Agriculture Research Station, in order to study the effect of different rates of nitrogen, Phosphorus (Conventional system), manure (Organic system) and mixture of them (Integrated system) on seed yield and essential oil content ...
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This experiment was conducted on 2001 and 2002 in reseach farm of Qazvin Agriculture Research Station, in order to study the effect of different rates of nitrogen, Phosphorus (Conventional system), manure (Organic system) and mixture of them (Integrated system) on seed yield and essential oil content of Ajowan (Carum copticum). The experimental design was used randomized complete blocks with three replication. Treatments included: different rates of N and P (as mixture) with 4 levels, different rates of manure with 3 lebvels, mixture of N, P and distillation method. The results showed that increase in N and P fertilizer up to 90 and 60 kg/ha respectively, was followed by seed yield increase but fertilizers had no effect on the essential oil content. Also, seed yield essential oil content increased as a result of increase in manure application. In general integrated treatments in respect of seed yeild and essential oil yield were higher than other treatments.
