Agriculture and horticulture
M. Jamali Dost; A. Salehi; H.R. Balouchi; P. Rostampour
Abstract
To investigate the response of quantitative and qualitative yield of ajwain (Carum copticum L.) to the irrigation cut-off in different nutritional regimes, an experiment was conducted as split-plot in a randomized complete block design with four replications at the research farm of Sarvestan Agricultural ...
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To investigate the response of quantitative and qualitative yield of ajwain (Carum copticum L.) to the irrigation cut-off in different nutritional regimes, an experiment was conducted as split-plot in a randomized complete block design with four replications at the research farm of Sarvestan Agricultural Jihad Organization, Fars province in 2019. The factors consisted of irrigation as the main factor at two levels (optimal irrigation and irrigation cut-off at flowering stage) and nutritional regime as the sub-factor at six levels (control, mycorrhiza, 15 ton.ha-1 manure, 15 ton.ha-1 manure + mycorrhiza, 30 ton.ha-1 manure, and 30 ton.ha-1 manure + mycorrhiza). The irrigation cut-off treatment reduced the plant height, number of umbrellas per plant, number of seeds per umbrella, 1000-seed weight, seed yield, biological yield, essential oil percentage, and essential oil yield by 30.65, 37.25, 46.12, 43.40, 24.40, 41.78, 19.68, and 52.86%, respectively compared to the optimal irrigation. The use of manure and mycorrhiza significantly increased all the mentioned traits. Moreover, the interaction of irrigation and nutritional sources treatments significantly affected only the percentage and essential oil yield. The highest percentage (2.80%) and essential oil yield (15.02 kg.ha-1) was observed in the 30 ton.ha-1 manure + mycorrhiza and optimum irrigation treatment. The lowest essential oil percentage (1.60%) was obtained in the control and optimum irrigation treatment and the lowest essential oil yield (4.62 kg.ha-1) resulted from the control and irrigation cut-off treatment.
Agriculture and horticulture
A. Rahmani; E. Sharifi Ashourabadi; A. Ebrahimi; M. Mirza
Abstract
To investigate the effects of soil fertility methods on the yield and yield components of hyssop (Hyssopus officinalis L.) in the different harvests, an experiment was conducted as a factorial in a randomized complete block design with three replications in Karaj (Alborz province) in 2017. The experimental ...
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To investigate the effects of soil fertility methods on the yield and yield components of hyssop (Hyssopus officinalis L.) in the different harvests, an experiment was conducted as a factorial in a randomized complete block design with three replications in Karaj (Alborz province) in 2017. The experimental treatments included the harvest time and soil fertility methods. The results showed that the first harvest had higher plant height, number of sub-branches, and leaf area index and the second harvest had higher plant dry matter weight and chlorophyll content. With the soil fertility, the plant height, number of sub-branches, plant dry matter weight, leaf area index, chlorophyll content, essential oil yield, and nutrients uptake increased significantly. The highest plant height and number of sub-branches was obtained from the application of 120 kg ha-1 nitrogen+ 96 kg ha-1 phosphorus+ 120 kg ha-1 potassium treatment. The maximum dry matter weight of the plant was allocated to the combination of 20 t ha-1 manure with 80 kg ha-1 nitrogen+ 64 kg ha-1 phosphorus+ 80 kg ha-1 potassium. The highest essential oil yield was obtained from the 120 kg ha-1 nitrogen+ 96 kg ha-1 phosphorus+ 120 kg ha-1 potassium treatment which was statistically in the same group as the treatments including 40 t ha-1 manure, combination of 30 t ha-1 manure with mycorrhiza, and combination of 40 kg ha-1 nitrogen+ 32 kg ha-1 phosphorus+ 40 kg ha-1 potassium with 30 t ha-1 manure. Based on the results, the desired quantitative and qualitative yield in hyssop could be achieved with the integrated feeding method and use of biological and organic fertilizers.
Sh. Gheidarlouei; R. Khademian; S. Mafakheri
Abstract
To investigate the effect of mycorrhiza inoculation on increasing the resistance of medicinal plant dill (Anethum graveolens L.) to salinity stress, a factorial experiment was conducted in a randomized complete block design with three replications at the research greenhouse of Imam Khomeini International ...
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To investigate the effect of mycorrhiza inoculation on increasing the resistance of medicinal plant dill (Anethum graveolens L.) to salinity stress, a factorial experiment was conducted in a randomized complete block design with three replications at the research greenhouse of Imam Khomeini International University, Qazvin province, Iran. The first factor was ecotype at two levels (Isfahan and Varamin), the second factor was salinity at three levels (0, 5 and 10 dS/m), and the third factor was mycorrhiza at three levels (0, 75 and 150 g fungi). The results showed that mycorrhizal inoculation improved all the quantitative traits studied so that under salinity conditions, the plants inoculated with mycorrhiza showed better growth than non-inoculated plants. The highest dry weight, plant height, number of seeds plant-1, and 1000-seed weight were obtained in ecotype Isfahan, salinity level 5 dS/m and 150 g of mycorrhiza. Eleven compounds were identified in dill essential oil. The highest percentage of limonene (7.5%) was obtained from ecotype Varamin plants treated with 5 dS/m salinity and 150 g mycorrhiza. The highest percentage of carvone (86.3%) was obtained in ecotype Isfahan treated with 150 g mycorrhiza and non-salinity.
Y. Mehrabi; M. Movahhedi Dehnavi; A. Salehi; R. Mohatashami; M. Hamidian
Abstract
In order to investigate the effects of different levels of supplementary irrigation and bio-fertilizers on some physiological traits, yield, and essential oil percentage of medicinal plant cumin (Cuminum cyminum L.), an experiment was conducted as split-plot in a randomized complete block design ...
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In order to investigate the effects of different levels of supplementary irrigation and bio-fertilizers on some physiological traits, yield, and essential oil percentage of medicinal plant cumin (Cuminum cyminum L.), an experiment was conducted as split-plot in a randomized complete block design with three replications in the research field of Kohgiluyeh and Buyer-Ahmad Agricultural and Natural Resources Research and Training Center in 2017. The main plot included supplementary irrigation (complete rainfed conditions, supplementary irrigation at 50% flowering and at the start of seed formation) and the subplot included bio-fertilizer (no phosphorus bio-fertilizer, mycorrhiza Glomus mosseae, phosphorus bio-fertilizer, and combination of mycorrhiza and phosphorus bio-fertilizer). The application of supplementary irrigation with bio-fertilizer increased the total chlorophyll and carotenoid and decreased the proline content. Phosphorus bio-fertilizer also increased catalase enzyme activity in the plant. The effects of supplementary irrigation and phosphorus bio-fertilizer on the number of umbrella per plant, plant height, 1000-seed weight and the number of seeds per umbrella were significant. The highest amount of 1000-seed weight (2.55 g), seed yield (622.4 kg ha-1), biological yield (1252 kg ha-1), and essential oil percentage (54.86%) was obtained in the mycorrhiza treatment together with the phosphorus bio-fertilizer. In general, the results showed that using phosphorus bio-fertilizer, mycorrhiza, and supplementary irrigation can improve physiological traits, yield, and essential oil of cumin under rainfed conditions.
E. Farajzadeh Memari Tabrizi; M. Roshdi Maleki; N. Farajzadeh Memari Tabrizi; V. Ahmadzadeh
Abstract
The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of seed treatment on different strains of bacterial biofertilizers (control, Azosperilium 21, pseudomonas 168, istofyu, her bacillus and a combination of strains) and different strains of mycorrhizal fertilizer (control, Glomus mossae, G. intradices, ...
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The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of seed treatment on different strains of bacterial biofertilizers (control, Azosperilium 21, pseudomonas 168, istofyu, her bacillus and a combination of strains) and different strains of mycorrhizal fertilizer (control, Glomus mossae, G. intradices, G. hoei and all three strains of mycorrhiza) on growth, essential oil yield, and physiological characteristics of basil (Ocimum basilicum L.). Experiments were carried out in 2009 as split plot based on randomized complete block design with three replications in the farms of the Malakan Islamic Azad University. The measured traits were crop height, leaf area, chlorophyll index, chlorophyll a content, chlorophyll b content, number of stomata in the leaf surface, number of stomata in the substrate, essential oil content, essential oil yield, dry matter yield, glycol peroxidase, catalase and proline. In this study, mycorrhizal fertilizer treatments had a positive effect on the growth and yield of basil essential oil. In addition to the improvement of growth indices, physiological parameters including chlorophyll a and b contents, number of stomata and antioxidant content increased as a result of application of manure. The essential oil yield increased by 16.1%, 11.9% and 17.9%, respectively, due to the application of Azospirilum 21, application of bacteria, and the combined application of bacterial biofertilizer strains. This increase was mainly due to the increase in the percentage of basil essential oil. Contrary to growth characteristics, physiological characteristics such as chlorophyll a and b content and antioxidant content were positively affected by the use of bacterial biofertilizer. According to the results of this study, the application of Azospirilium 21, application of the bacteria, and the combined application of bacterial biofertilizer strains along with each of the mycorrhizal fungi strains will increase the qualitative and quantitative properties of basil essential oil.
M. Khajeh Haghverdi; M.R. Ardakani; B. Abbaszadeh; P. Nejatkhah Manavi
Abstract
In order to investigate the effect of vermicompost, biochar and mycorrhizal symbiosis on some qualitative and quantitative traits of pumpkin (Cucurbita pepo L.) as a medicinal plant, a split factorial experiment was implemented in the form of randomized complete blocks design with three replications. ...
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In order to investigate the effect of vermicompost, biochar and mycorrhizal symbiosis on some qualitative and quantitative traits of pumpkin (Cucurbita pepo L.) as a medicinal plant, a split factorial experiment was implemented in the form of randomized complete blocks design with three replications. The study was conducted at the experimental field of Agriculture and Natural Resources Faculty of Islamic Azad University, Karaj Branch, Mahdasht, Iran, in 2016. The factors were characterized as vermicompost in three levels (0, 6 and 12 ton/ha) as the main factor, biochar in three levels (0, 6 and 12 ton/ha) and mycorrhiza in two levels (non inoculation and inoculation) as the sub factors. Results showed that the main effect of factors on the mycorrhizal symbiosis percentage and grain phosphorus content was significant (P˂0.01). Analysis of variance between the interaction effects of vermicompost × biochar were significant on the LAI, dry fruit yield, grain yield and dry weight ratio of grain to fruit (P˂0.01) as well as on the number of lateral stem (P˂0.05). Mean comparison of the interaction effect of vermicompost × biochar showed that the application of 12 (ton/ha) vermicompost along with 12 (ton/ha) biochar resulted in the highest amount of LAI (12.28), number of lateral stem (13.33 number/ plant), dry fruit yield (619.51 kg/ha), grain yield (410.02 kg/ha) and dry weight ratio of grain to fruit (66.17%). Therefore, the use of vermicompost along with biochar is recommended in production of pumpkin.
B. Parsa Motlagh; P. Rezvani Moghadam; R. Ghorbani; Zabihollah Azami Sardooei
Abstract
In order to evaluate the effects of different fertilizer systems and irrigation water on some phytochemical characteristics of Roselle (Hibiscus sabdariffa L.), a field experiment was conducted at the University of Jiroft during 2013 and 2014. The study was conducted as split plot based on a randomized ...
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In order to evaluate the effects of different fertilizer systems and irrigation water on some phytochemical characteristics of Roselle (Hibiscus sabdariffa L.), a field experiment was conducted at the University of Jiroft during 2013 and 2014. The study was conducted as split plot based on a randomized complete blocks design with three replications. Three irrigation levels (100%, 80% and 60% of crop water requirement) were assigned as main plot factor. Four fertilizers including mycorrhiza, vermicompost, cow manure, and chemical fertilizer (NPK) were allocated as sub plot factor. The results indicated that fertilizer treatments and different irrigation water levels had significant effect on total phenol, anthocyanin, acidity of calyx, seed protein and seed oil. The highest and lowest anthocyanin (3.05 and 2.78 ml.gr-1), total phenol (12.52 and 12.90 ml.gr-1) and acidity of calyx (0.81 and 0.87 gr.100 gr dry weight) belonged to vermicompost and cow manure. Also, 60% and 100% crop water requirement produced the highest and lowest anthocyanin (3 and 2.19 ml.gr-1), total phenol (13.04 and 10.81 ml.gr-1) and seed protein (20.90% and 20.01%). Furthermore, the interaction effect of fertilizer systems and irrigation levels had a significant effect on anthocyanin content. The interaction effect of irrigation levels and year had a significant effect on oil seed. Vitamin C was not affected by experimental treatments.
Sh. Karimi Fard; A. Gholami; M. Gholipoor
Abstract
A field experiment was carried out in the research farm of Shahrood University to study the effects of ultrasonic waves and mycorrhizal fungi on quantitative and qualitative characteristics of Black seed (Nigella sativa L.) in 2012. The experiment was conducted as factorial based on randomized complete ...
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A field experiment was carried out in the research farm of Shahrood University to study the effects of ultrasonic waves and mycorrhizal fungi on quantitative and qualitative characteristics of Black seed (Nigella sativa L.) in 2012. The experiment was conducted as factorial based on randomized complete block design with three replications. The treatments included: mycorrhizal inoculation at three levels of control (non-inoculated), recommended level and twice the recommended level as well as five exposure duration of ultrasonic waves (42 kHz) including control, 3, 5, 7 and 9 minutes. According to the results, seed yield, 1000 seed weight, root colonization percentage, biological yield and harvest index were affected by mycorrhizal fungi. Essential oil percentage and yield were significantly affected by mycorrhizal inoculation. The highest essential oil percentage was obtained from application of twice the recommended level of mycorrhizal inoculum (1.1 %). No significant difference was found for seed yield and 1000 seed weight between two inoculum treatments. Plant height, seed yield, biological yield, 1000 seed weight and essential oil percentage and yield were increased by exposure to the ultrasonic waves. The highest value of seed yield and 1000 seed weight was obtained from 7- min of exposure to ultrasonic waves (696.3 kg.ha-1 and 2.7g). Results showed that the interaction effects of mycorrhiza and ultrasonic were significant on plant height, number of capsules per plant, and essential oil percentage. The highest essential oil percentage was obtained from 9-min of ultrasonic exposure and non-inoculated treatment as well as 3-min of ultrasonic exposure and the use of mycorrhiza.
A. Mazaraei; A.R. Sirousmehr; Z. Babaei
Abstract
Drought stress, temporally or permanently, is a more limiting factor in growth and distribution of vegetation cover than other environmental factors. In order to study the effects of vesicular arbuscular mycorrhizal and drought stress on growth and yield of Milk thistle (Silybum marianum (L.) Gaertn.), a ...
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Drought stress, temporally or permanently, is a more limiting factor in growth and distribution of vegetation cover than other environmental factors. In order to study the effects of vesicular arbuscular mycorrhizal and drought stress on growth and yield of Milk thistle (Silybum marianum (L.) Gaertn.), a pot experiment was performed as factorial based on completely randomized design in three replications in the research greenhouse of Chahnimeh at the University of Zabol. Drought stress consisted of two levels including %60 and %30 of field capacity and full irrigation as control treatment. Three mycorrhizal fungi including Glomus mosseae, Glomus versiformis, and Glomus intraradices were investigated. The results showed that after starting of drought stress, vegetative characteristics such as number of capituls, number of seeds in capitul, 1000 seeds weight, leaf number and area, root length, number of minor branches, plant height, and dry weight of leaf, stem and root, significantly decreased with increasing drought stress. RWC of leaf was intensely affected by drought and decreased from 77.3 in control treatment to 57.01 in 30% of field capacity irrigation treatment. In addition, with increasing drought stress, the amount of phosphorus in leaves decreased and the amount of potassium increased. Osmotic adjustment in Milk thistle was increased in response to drought stress and leaf proline content increased (the highest 0.13 mg/g tissue in 30% of field capacity treatment); however, silimarin content decreased from 16.35 in full irrigation to 10.24 in 30% of field capacity treatment. Inoculation with VAM significantly increased vegetative indices, silimarin content (the highest in G. mosseae application and the lowest in control), plant RWC, and leaf content of P and K under drought stress conditions compared to uninoculated plants; however, the leaf proline content was low. In general, application of mycorrhizae fungi increased drought stress resistance in Milk thistle.
B. Abbaszadeh; F. Zakerian
Abstract
In order to investigate the effect of vermicompost, mycorrhiza and semimycorrhiza(Piriformospora indica) on some micro and macro elements of Balm (Melissa officinalis L.), this experiment was conducted in the Alborz research station, Research Institute of Forests and Rangelands, Karaj, Iran, in 2012. ...
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In order to investigate the effect of vermicompost, mycorrhiza and semimycorrhiza(Piriformospora indica) on some micro and macro elements of Balm (Melissa officinalis L.), this experiment was conducted in the Alborz research station, Research Institute of Forests and Rangelands, Karaj, Iran, in 2012. The experiment was conducted as factorial in a randomized complete blocks design with three replications. Factors included vermicompost at three levels (0, 5 and 10 t/ha), and inoculation with biofertilizers at four levels (control, inoculation with Glomus mosseae+G. intraradices, Piriformospora indica, and Glomus mosseae+G. intraradices+Piriformospora indica). Results indicated that vermicompost and biofertilizer significantly affected the content of potassium, phosphorus, calcium, magnesium, iron, zinc, manganese and cooper (p<0.01). Moreover, vermicompost application significantly affected nitrogen content at pp<0.01). According to mean comparisons of simple effects, the highest content of nitrogen (2.83%) and potassium (1.66%) was obtained from application of 10 t/ha vermicompost. The highest content of phosphorus (0.53%) belonged to the use of mycorrhiza (Glomus mosseae+G. intraradices). Mean comparisons of the interaction effects indicated that the highest content of phosphorus was obtained from application of 10 t/ha vermicompost×mycorrhiza (Glomus mosseae+G. intraradices). The highest content of calcium (0.77%) was obtained from 5ton/ha vermicompost × non-inoculation. The highest content of magnesium (0.6%) was obtained from the treatments of no vermicompost × mycorrhiza (Glomus mosseae+G. intraradices) and 10 t/ha vermicompost×mycorrhiza (Glomus mosseae+G. intraradices). The highest amount of iron (925.6ppm) was obtained from the treatment of 5 t/ha vermicompost × mycorrhiza (Glomus mosseae+G. intraradices). Results indicated that the use ofmycorrhizae and vermicompost could increase the uptake of most elements in the study species.
M.A. Kohanmoo; M. Aghaalikhani; F. Rejali
Abstract
This research was aimed to investigate the yield and quality response of two endemic chamomile (Matricaria chamomilla L.) ecotypes from Bushehr and a commercial ecotype from Esfahan to biofertilizers, a field experiment was conducted during two growing seasons of 2008 and 2009 at the research farm of ...
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This research was aimed to investigate the yield and quality response of two endemic chamomile (Matricaria chamomilla L.) ecotypes from Bushehr and a commercial ecotype from Esfahan to biofertilizers, a field experiment was conducted during two growing seasons of 2008 and 2009 at the research farm of Persian Gulf University (Boushehr campus). The experiment was carried out in a randomized complete blocks design in a factorial arrangement with three replications. Treatments consisted of chamomile ecotypes, mycorrhisal inoculationfection (with and without) and amount of micro-biophosphate fertilizer (0, 30 and 60kg.ha-1). Morphological traits and flower yield were evaluated from the flowering period onwards and trhen the essential oil concentration, Chamazulene and Apigenine 7-glycoside percentage were measured. Also, after final harvest, nitrogen, phosphorous and potassium content of chamomile plant and soil were investigated. Result showed that except of the main effect of ecotypes, the other main and interaction effects on the measured traits were insignificant. The flower dry weight of Bushehr ecotypes (1 and 2) was %34 more than that of Esfahan ecotype in 1st year. However, in 2nd year, Boushehr2 had the highest dry flower yield (1132.66 kgha-1) followed by Boushehr1 and Esfahan ecotypes with 12.4 and 48.8 percent loss, respectively. In both years of experiment, Esfahan ecotype produced more chamazulene in essential oil and Boushehr ecotypes were superior treatments for Apigenine 7-glycoside in dried flower (p≤0.05). Although our finding revealed no significant effect of biofertilizers on all measured traits, a dry flower yield of 800-1000 kgha-1, 3 kg ha-1 essential oil, high percentage of chamazulene in essential oil (15-16% for Esfahan and 5-7% for Boushehr ecotypes), and considerable amount of Apigenine 7-glycoside in dried flower (10-12.7 kgha-1) demonstrated the high potential yield of chamomile using biofertilizers under field condition. Therefore, since chamomile showed a proper and vast ecological adaptation to the cultural conditions in Boushehr region, it could be introduced to the low input agricultural systems as a reliable part of local crop rotations.
E. Karegar Hajiabadi; B. Abbaszadeh; F. Sefidkon; K. Khavazi
Abstract
This research was aimed to investigate the effects of biological fertilizers on seedling survival rate of Thymus pubescens Bioss. The study was conducted in the research field of Alborz Research Station in 2011 using a factorial arrangement in a randomized complete blocks design with three replications. ...
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This research was aimed to investigate the effects of biological fertilizers on seedling survival rate of Thymus pubescens Bioss. The study was conducted in the research field of Alborz Research Station in 2011 using a factorial arrangement in a randomized complete blocks design with three replications. Treatments included seed inoculation (Glomus intraradices, G. mosseae and without inoculation) and seedling inoculation (Glomus intraradices, G. mosseae and without inoculation). Analysis of variance indicated that seed inoculation significantly affected canopy circle, number of tillers, number of lateral branches, plant height, seedling survival rate, seed colonization rate and shoot yield at p≤0.01 and flowering percentage at p≤0.05. According to the mean comparisons, the highest canopy circle, number of tillers, number of lateral branches, plant height, flowering percentage, seedling survival rate, root colonization rate and shoot yield were obtained for seed inoculation with G. intraradices. In addition, the highest number of tillers, number of lateral branches, plant height, root length, number of lateral roots, root colonization rate, essential oil percentage and shoot yield were obtained for seedling inoculation with G. intraradices. Consequently, in terms of essential oil percentage and shoot yield, better results were recorded for seed inoculation as compared to seedling inoculation.
M.T. Darzi; A. Ghalavand; F. Rejali
Volume 25, Issue 1 , May 2009, , Pages 1-19
Abstract
In order to study the effects of biofertilizers on N, P, K concentrations and seed yield in fennel (Foeniculum Vulgare Mill.), an experiment was conducted at Homand Research Station in Damavand at 2005 and 2006. The factors were mycorrhizal inoculation (inoculated and non-inoculated), phosphate biofertilizer ...
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In order to study the effects of biofertilizers on N, P, K concentrations and seed yield in fennel (Foeniculum Vulgare Mill.), an experiment was conducted at Homand Research Station in Damavand at 2005 and 2006. The factors were mycorrhizal inoculation (inoculated and non-inoculated), phosphate biofertilizer (0, 30, 60 kg/ha) and vermicompost (0, 5, 10 ton/ha). The experiment design was factorial experiment in the base of randomized complete blocks design with eighteen treatments and three replications. Mean comparison was carried out using Duncan multiple range test (at 5% level). Results showed that the highest concentration of N, P and K in seed and seed yield were obtained with mycorrhiza inoculums. Phosphate biofertilizer also showed significant effects on mentioned traits as the highest N concentration in seed with consumption of 60 kg/ha and maximum concentration of P, K and seed yield with consumption of 30 kg/ha from it were obtained. The highest concentration of N, P and K in seed and seed yield were obtained with application of 10 ton/ha vermicompost. There were positive and synergistic interactions between factors, like interactions between mycorrhizal inoculation and phosphate biofertilizer on N concentration and phosphate biofertilizer and vermicompost on P concentration.
M.T. Darzi; A. Ghalavand; F. Sefidkon; F. Rejali
Volume 24, Issue 4 , February 2009, , Pages 396-413
Abstract
In order to study the effects of biofertilizers on quantity and quality of essential oil in fennel containing essential oil content and anethole content, fenchone content and limonene content in essential oil, an experiment was conducted at Hamand Research station in Damavand in 2005 and 2006. The factors ...
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In order to study the effects of biofertilizers on quantity and quality of essential oil in fennel containing essential oil content and anethole content, fenchone content and limonene content in essential oil, an experiment was conducted at Hamand Research station in Damavand in 2005 and 2006. The factors were mycorrhizal inoculation (inoculated and non-inoculated), phosphatic biofertilizer (0, 30, 60 kg/ha) and vermicompost (0, 5 , 10 ton/ha). The experiment design was factorial experiment in the base of randomized complete blocks design with eighteen treatments and three replications. In addition, one plot was allocated to control in each replication and only chemical fertilizers (NPK: 90, 60 and 90 kg/ha) were used. Data obtained from control plots were used for comparing other plots. Mean comparison was carried out using Duncan multiple range test (at 5% level). Results showed that the highest essential oil content in seed and anethole content in essential oil and the lowest fenchone content and limonene content in essential oil were obtained with mycorrhiza treatment. Phosphatic biofertilizer also showed significant effects on essential oil content and anethole and limonene contents in essential oil (except fenchone content). The maximum essential oil content in seed and anethole content in essential oil were related to the plots with consumption of 60 kg/ha. The lowest limonene content in essential oil was obtained with consumption of 30 kg/ha phosphatic biofertilizer. The highest essential oil content in seed and anethole content in essential oil and minimum fenchone content and limonene content in essential oil were obtained with consumption of 10 ton/ha vermicompost. Comparison of control versus biofertilizer treatments was significant, as two biofertilizer treatments include inoculation with mycorrhiza, application of 30 kg/ha phosphatic biofertilizer and 10 ton/ha vermicompost and inoculation with mycorrhiza and application of 60 kg/ha phosphatic biofertilizer and 10 ton/ha vermicompost in relation to quantity and quality of essential oil were better than control.
M.T. Darzi; A. Ghalavand; F. Rejali; F. Sefidkon
Volume 22, Issue 4 , February 2007, , Pages 276-292
Abstract
In order to study the effects of biofertilizers on yield and yield components in fennel, an experiment was conducted at Hamand Research Station in Damavand in 2005. The factors were mycorrhizal inoculation (inoculated and non-inoculated), biophosphate fertilizer (0, 30 , 60 kg/ha) and vermicompost (0 ...
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In order to study the effects of biofertilizers on yield and yield components in fennel, an experiment was conducted at Hamand Research Station in Damavand in 2005. The factors were mycorrhizal inoculation (inoculated and non-inoculated), biophosphate fertilizer (0, 30 , 60 kg/ha) and vermicompost (0 , 5 , 10 ton/ha). The experiment design was factorial experiment in the base of randomized complete blocks design with eighteen treatments and three replications. Also, these treatments with a fertilizer control treatment (NPK: 90, 60 and 90 kg/ha) was evaluated using a randomized complete blocks design with nineteen treatments and three replications. The measured traits were plant height, umbel no./plant, 1000 seed weight, biological yield, haevest index and seed yield. Mean comparison was conducted using duncan multiple range test (at 5% level). Results showed that the highest plant height, umbel no./plant, 1000 seed weight, biological yield and seed yield were obtained through mycorrhization but reduced harvest index. Biophosphate fertilizer also showed significant effects on plant height and biological yield. The maximum plant height and biological yield were obtained with consumption of 60 kg/ha from biophosphate fertilizer. The highest plant height, umbel no./plant, 1000 seed weight, biological yield and seed yield were obtained from vermicompost (10 ton/ha). Intractions of two factors of mycorrhizal inoculation and biophosphate fertilizer on 1000 seed weight and mycorrhizal inoculation and vermicompost on harvest index were significant. Comparison of control versus biofertilizer treatments was significant and umbel no./plant, biological yield and seed yield in two treatments of fifteenth (mycorrhizal inoculation-30 kg/ha biophosphate fertilizer-10 ton/ha vermicompost) and eighteenth (mycorrhizal inoculation-60 kg/ha biophosphate fertilizer-10 ton/ha vermicompost) from biofertilizer treatments were higher than that of control. There was a positive and significant correlation between seed yield with plant height, umbel no./plant, 1000 seed weight and biological yield.
S. Esmaeilzadeh; H. Zare-maivan; F. Ghanati
Abstract
Mycorrhizae are symbiotic associations that form between the roots of most plants species and fungi.Mycorrhizal symbiosis increase the resistence of plants against damaging agents of plants like drough and salinity stress.also increase biomas and as result it is effective in sustainability and extention ...
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Mycorrhizae are symbiotic associations that form between the roots of most plants species and fungi.Mycorrhizal symbiosis increase the resistence of plants against damaging agents of plants like drough and salinity stress.also increase biomas and as result it is effective in sustainability and extention of the plantsin most of ecosystems. TandourehNational park with 73435 hectares is located in dry locality of the north of khorassan. The natural characteristics and climatic differences between the lowlands and the heights of this park results in variety and distribution of its plants.because about 30 persent plants of park are medicinal and forms a larg part of plant population of Tandoreh Park, the study of Mycorrhizal distribution of the plants for constant extention is necessary. In this research, complete soil and plant samples was collected in 8 station in spring and summer from 26platt(10 x10). soil samples were taken from the top 30Cm.after transforming the samples to laboratory, the fragile roots of the plants were separated and coded. some root pieces were used for preparing longitudinal sections manually and were stained with lactophenol cotton blue followingestablished botanical staining procedures. soil samples were used to isolate Mycorrhizal spore and sprocarps.by sucerose centrifugation method. Results of this study showed that there were 54 vasular plantspecies,which 18 species were medicine plantsThe most persent of medicinal plants are in following familes Gramineae, Labiatae, Crucifereae, Compositeae. Species of Glomus contributed to the mycorrhizal symbiosis. Mycorrhizal association in the medicinal plant communities characterizes the importance of such symbiotic relationship in sustainable development and explotation of plant resources.
