P. Razipour; A. Golchin; M. Daghestani
Abstract
Biological fertilizers can be used as alternative for or supplementary to mineral fertilizers in sustainable agriculture. To assess the effects of organic and biological fertilizers on growth and morphological characteristics of Melissa officinalis L., a factorial experiment with 15 treatments was performed ...
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Biological fertilizers can be used as alternative for or supplementary to mineral fertilizers in sustainable agriculture. To assess the effects of organic and biological fertilizers on growth and morphological characteristics of Melissa officinalis L., a factorial experiment with 15 treatments was performed in Shahriar, Karaj, Iran, during 2012-2013 in a randomized complete block design and three replications. The factors examined were different levels of cow manure (0, 5, 10, 20 and 40 ton/ha) and inoculation with nitroxin (without inoculation, plant inoculation and soil and plant inoculation). The results showed that application of cow manure significantly increased plant height, number of leaves and lateral branches per plant, fresh and dry weights of shoots and roots, leaf surface area, leaf chlorophyll index and essential oil yield and concentration. The highest values of traits measured, except root fresh and dry weights, were obtained from the application of 20 ton/ha of cow manure and the lowest were observed in control. Our results clearly showed that inoculation with nitroxin could significantly increase the value of traits measured for Lemon balm compared to control, and inoculation of plant + soil was the superior treatment.
A. Kazeminasab; M. Yarnia; M.H. Lebaschi; B. Mirshekar; F. Rajali
Abstract
Effects of vermicompost and plant growth promoting biofertilizers on the essential oil composition of lemon balm (Melissa officinalis L.) were studied under different irrigation conditions. The study was conducted in a split-split plot experiment based on a randomized complete block design with ...
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Effects of vermicompost and plant growth promoting biofertilizers on the essential oil composition of lemon balm (Melissa officinalis L.) were studied under different irrigation conditions. The study was conducted in a split-split plot experiment based on a randomized complete block design with three replications, at Research Institute of Forests and Rangelands.Treatments included irrigation in two levels (100 and 60% FC drought stress), vermicompost in three levels (0, 5 and 10t/ha) and plant growth promoting biofertilizers in four levels (Pseudomonas fluorescence, Azotobacter + Azospirillum, Azotobacter + Azospirillum + P. fluorescence, and the control). The essential oil components including citronellal, geraniol, neral, β-caryophyllene and methyl citronellat were studied. The interaction of irrigation × vermicompost showed significant effect on citronellal at P≤0.01 and on geraniol and methyl citronellat at P≤0.05. Mean comparison of irrigation indicated that the highest and lowest citronellal, geraniol, neral and β-caryophyllene, were obtained for drought stress and normal irrigation (100% FC), respectively. The highest and lowest methyl citronellat were recorded for the normal irrigation and drought stress (60% FC), respectively. Mean comparison of the effect of vermicompost showed that the highest (47.7%) and lowest (45%) citronellal were obtained for 10 t/ha vermicompost and control treatments, respectively. Application of 5 t/ha vermicompost resulted in the highest β-caryophyllene (6%). Mean comparison of the biofertilizers indicated that Azotobacter + Azospirillum + P. fluorescence had the highest citronellal (47.2%) and β-caryophyllene (5.9%); the lowest citronellal (45.6%) and β-caryophyllene (5.1%) were achieved in the control. Drought stress increased the essential oil compounds. Vermicompost just affected the citronellal. In addition, PGPR had a positive effect only on citronellal and β-caryophyllene.
Gh. Habibi; P. Ghorbanzade; M. Abedini
Abstract
In this study, the influence of hydroponically applied (0.1, 1 and 10mg l-1) and foliar-applied (10mg l-1) Na2SeO3 on the some physiological characteristics of Melissa officinalis L. was investigated. The results indicated that the root application of 10mg l-1 Se could decrease shoot fresh and dry mass, ...
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In this study, the influence of hydroponically applied (0.1, 1 and 10mg l-1) and foliar-applied (10mg l-1) Na2SeO3 on the some physiological characteristics of Melissa officinalis L. was investigated. The results indicated that the root application of 10mg l-1 Se could decrease shoot fresh and dry mass, and caused an improved lipid peroxidation in hydroponically grown lemon balm. Se supply at 10mg l-1 in lemon balm exhibited a significantly positive effect on accumulation of total chlorophyll, and raised the activity of catalase, but these mechanisms could not ameliorate the negative effect of Se toxicity on productivity, as was indicated by a higher malondialdehyde concentration. Our results indicated that for biofortification program with lemon balm, the application of Se as selenate at low concentrations (0.1 and 1mg l-1) would be more beneficial because it favored shoot biomass growth. In contrast, the results from field experiment indicated that foliar-applied Se (10mg l-1) was favorable for biomass accumulation in lemon balm. In this work, the foliar application of selenium induced higher activity of phenylalanine ammonia-lyase as well as the higher total phenol content, which appear to act as protective compounds. It was concluded that foliar applications to lemon balm at 10mg Se l-1 can effectively cause a significantly higher growth rate, improve Se content and phenolic compounds.
S.F. Borgheei; H. Sarikhani; M. Chaichi; A. Kashi
Abstract
In vitro induction of polyploidy using mutation agents is one of the medicinal plant breeding methods which has been employed to increase potential of secondary metabolites production. In this research, in order to induce polyploidy in lemon balm (Melissa officinalis L.), in vitro regenerated explants ...
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In vitro induction of polyploidy using mutation agents is one of the medicinal plant breeding methods which has been employed to increase potential of secondary metabolites production. In this research, in order to induce polyploidy in lemon balm (Melissa officinalis L.), in vitro regenerated explants were treated by colchicine at 4 different concentrations 0.00, 0.05, 0.1 and 0.2% for 24 and 48 h. Level of ploidy were identified in survival explants through root tip chromosome counting and leaf sample flow cytometry. Ten days after treatments, all colchicine-free treated explants were survived. Among the colchicine treatments (0.05, 0.1 and 0.2%), the highest explants survival rate were observed in the 0.05% colchicine application for 24 h (63.8%). On the contrary, 0.2% colchicine treatment for 48 h showed the highest rate of explants lethality. Results of chromosome counting and flow cytometry analysis indicated both diploid and mixoploid plants in colchicines treated explants. More effective treatment of colchicine for induction of ploidy was observed in 0.05% colchicine treatment for 48 h as high as 33.3% mixoploid plants.
