S. Salehi; M. Mohammadi Sharif; A. Hadizadeh
Abstract
The study of the plant compounds efficacy for pest control is one of the expanding researches in most agricultural systems. In this research, the efficacy of aqueous and ethanolic extracts of four plants including dwarf elder (Sambucus ebulus L.), common nettle (Urtica dioica L.), blackberry (Rubus fructicosus ...
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The study of the plant compounds efficacy for pest control is one of the expanding researches in most agricultural systems. In this research, the efficacy of aqueous and ethanolic extracts of four plants including dwarf elder (Sambucus ebulus L.), common nettle (Urtica dioica L.), blackberry (Rubus fructicosus Boiss.) and eagle fern (Pteridium aquilinum (L.) Kuhn) was assessed against the adult female of Tetranychus urticae, one of the most important pests of crops and greenhouse plants. The acaricidal effect of the extracts and their long-lasting effectiveness were studied as well as their oviposition deterrent effect. Two experiments included the long-lasting effectiveness (with the concentrations of 0.5, 1 and 1.5 mg/cm2) and oviposition deterrent effect (with the concentrations of 0.4, 0.7 and 1 mg/cm2). The study of extracts was conducted in a completely randomized design. The aqueous extract of blackberry did not have any acaricidal effect on the pest, and this effect varied from 9.2 to 49.8 % for other aqueous extracts. The LC50 values for ethanolic extracts of dwarf elder, common nettle, blackberry, and eagle fern against the adult females of the pest were obtained to be 0.54, 0.82, 0.76 and 0.72 mg/cm2, respectively. The study of long-lasting acaricide effectiveness of the ethanolic extracts showed that the common nettle extract had high long-lasting effectiveness of 48 hours, after which the extracts of blackberry, dwarf elder, and eagle fern were respectively placed. The blackberry ethanolic extract had the highest oviposition inhibitory effect in comparison with other extracts (94% at 1 mg/cm2). The results demonstrated the appropriate efficacy of the ethanolic extracts to control T. urticae pest in comparison with the aqueous ones, and accordingly, evaluating their control capacity under field conditions will provide some practical valuable data. Amongst the ethanolic extracts, dwarf elder displayed the most acaricidal effect.
A. Taghizadeh Saroukolai; S. Moharramipour
Abstract
Nowadays, application of plant essential oils has been highly considered as an alternative for synthetic insecticides especially in stored-product pests. Stored products such as beans are attacked by different stored-product insects. Among them, Callosobruchus maculatus (F.) is one of the most important ...
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Nowadays, application of plant essential oils has been highly considered as an alternative for synthetic insecticides especially in stored-product pests. Stored products such as beans are attacked by different stored-product insects. Among them, Callosobruchus maculatus (F.) is one of the most important pests of legumes. In this research, oviposition deterrence and persistence of essential oils of Thymus persicus (Roniger ex Reach F.) and Prangos acaulis (Dc.) Bornm were tested on C. maculatus at 27 ± 1 0C and 60 ± 5% R.H. under dark condition. Oviposition deterrence was assessed at 6 concentrations from 360 to 7140 ppm and with five replications. Results showed that oviposition deterrence of both essential oils were increased with increase of oil concentration and higher deterrence was significantly recorded in P. acaulis. LT50 values showed that the speed of mortality in P. acaulis was significantly faster than that of T. persicus. The respiratory toxicity of T. persicus essential oil on C. maculates was more stable than that of P. acaulis.
H. Akrami; S. Moharramipour; S. Imani
Abstract
Cowpea weevil Callosobruchus maculatus (F.) is one of the serious post-harvest pests of stored products. The damaged seeds are unsuitable for human or animal consumption and also for farm cultivation. To control this pest in warehouses, usage of essential oils is considered as an appropriate alternative ...
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Cowpea weevil Callosobruchus maculatus (F.) is one of the serious post-harvest pests of stored products. The damaged seeds are unsuitable for human or animal consumption and also for farm cultivation. To control this pest in warehouses, usage of essential oils is considered as an appropriate alternative to synthetic pesticides. Therefore, a study was conducted to investigate oviposition deterrence and repellency effects of Thymus kotschyanus Boiss & Hohen and Mentha longifolia L. on C. maculatus. These plants were collected from around of Tehran. Essential oils were subjected to hydrodistillation using a Clevenger-type apparatus for 3 h. The experiments were done under dark condition in 27 ± 1 ˚C and 65 ± 5 % R.H. Essential oils significantly reduced oviposition of the adults as 500 µl of T. kotschyanus and M. longifolia essential oils (1800 ppm) caused 87.64 and 86.36% oviposition deterrence respectively. Also, essential oils had repellent activity on C. maculatus. At 800 ppm, repellency of M. longifolia and Thymus kotschyanus was recorded 90% and 73.33 % respectively.
B.Z. Sahaf; S. Moharramipour
Abstract
Recently, there has been a growing interest in research concerning the possible use of plant extracts as alternatives to synthetic insecticides. Essential oils are among the best-known substances tested against insects. These compounds may act as fumigants, contact insecticides, repellents, antifeedants ...
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Recently, there has been a growing interest in research concerning the possible use of plant extracts as alternatives to synthetic insecticides. Essential oils are among the best-known substances tested against insects. These compounds may act as fumigants, contact insecticides, repellents, antifeedants and may affect growth and development of the insect. The objective of the present study was to test the possible properties of, medicinal plants, Carum copticum C. B. Clarke (Apiaceae) and Vitex pseudo-negundo (Haussk) Hand. I. MZT. (Verbenaceae) essential oil vapors against Callosobruchus maculatus (F.) to elucidate their deterrency on oviposition. The experiment was conducted with six concentrations (0.02-0.5 ml oil per one gram seed) at 27 ± 1°C, 60 ± 5 % R.H. and in dark condition. The essential oils were obtained from dry seeds of C. copticum and leaves of V. pseudo-negundo subjected to hydrodistillation using a modified clevenger-type apparatus. In each vial, two pairs of adult insects and 10 g chikling vetch were used. Oviposition deterrence of C. copticum was significantly higher than V. pseudo-negundo. At the highest concentration (0.5 ml per one gram seed) oviposition deterrence was reached to 100% and 76.33% by C. copticum and V. pseudo-negundo, respectively. Our results showed that these essential oils exhibited strong oviposition deterreny on C. maculatus at sublethal doses.
M. Negahban; S. Moharramipour
Volume 23, Issue 2 , August 2007, , Pages 146-156
Abstract
In regard to the invasion of various food commodities by insects and harmful effects of chemical pesticides, essential oils are among the best known substances tested against stored product pests. Effects of essential oils from Artemisia sieberi Besser and Artemisia scoparia Waldst et Kit were tested ...
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In regard to the invasion of various food commodities by insects and harmful effects of chemical pesticides, essential oils are among the best known substances tested against stored product pests. Effects of essential oils from Artemisia sieberi Besser and Artemisia scoparia Waldst et Kit were tested against oviposition deterrence, egg hatching and first instar larvae of Callosobruchus maculatus F. at 27 ± 1˚C and 65 ± 5% R.H. under dark condition. For each essential oil, five replications were conducted. Increasing the essential oil concentrations resulted in increase if insecticidal activity of essential oils on eggs, first instar larvae and oviposition deterrence. At 0.14 mL/g food, the essential oils of A. sieberi and A. scoparia resulted in inhibition of oviposition of the insect. The maximum concentration of essential oils (2.86 mL/L air) caused 100% mortality of first instar larvae. Although, oviposition deterrence of A. scoparia was stronger than A. sieberi, however, ovicidal and larval mortality caused by both essential oils were not significantly different. LC50 values indicated that essential oil of A. scoparia with 1.11 and 1.06 mL/L air against eggs and first instar larvae do not have significant difference with A. sieberi. It was found that plant essential oils can be used as a safe pesticide or model for new synthetic pesticides to control stored pests.