Agriculture and horticulture
Gh.R. Pourshaban Kateshali; Gh.A. Akbari; I. Alahdadi; E. Soltani
Abstract
To evaluate the plant adaptation and effects of irrigation cycles and NPK elements on growth and yield parameters of Zingiber officinale R., a split-plot experiment was conducted as a randomized complete block design with nine treatments and three replications in two regions including Pakdasht (Tehran ...
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To evaluate the plant adaptation and effects of irrigation cycles and NPK elements on growth and yield parameters of Zingiber officinale R., a split-plot experiment was conducted as a randomized complete block design with nine treatments and three replications in two regions including Pakdasht (Tehran province) and Lahijan (Gilan province) in 2021. The experimental factors included irrigation cycle at three levels (4 (V1), 6 (V2), and 8 (V3) days) as the main factor and NPK elements at three levels (N300P100K200 (F1), N350P150K250 (F2), and N250P50K150 (F3) (kg.ha-1)) as the sub-factor. The results showed that the irrigation×NPK effects was significant on plant height, number of leaves per plant, leaf area, number of branches per plant, leaf area index, fresh and rhizome dry weight, and rhizome yield at the 1% probability level and on stem diameter at the 5% probability level in Pakdasht region. The V1F2 treatment was the best one in this region. In Lahijan region, the irrigation×NPK effects was significant on number of leaves per plant and rhizome yield at the 1% probability level and on plant height and stem diameter at the 5% probability level. The best result in Lahijan was obtained in the V1F2 treatment. Also, in terms of leaf area, number of branches per plant, and leaf area index, V1 and F2 was the best treatments in Lahijan. Fresh and rhizome dry weight had the best results in the V2 and F2 treatments. Overall, the studied traits in Lahijan climate were superior to Pakdasht climate and every 4 days irrigation for Pakdasht and every 6 days for Lahijan had the best results.
Agriculture and horticulture
S. Heidari; J. Sarhadi; M. Sharif
Abstract
To investigate the effects of organic and chemical fertilizers and their combination on the characteristics of henna (Lawsonia inermis L.) in Southern Kerman province, a factorial farm experiment was conducted in a randomized complete block design with three replications for two years. The factors included ...
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To investigate the effects of organic and chemical fertilizers and their combination on the characteristics of henna (Lawsonia inermis L.) in Southern Kerman province, a factorial farm experiment was conducted in a randomized complete block design with three replications for two years. The factors included rotten cattle manure at two levels (0 (a1) and 15 (a2) ton.ha-1) and NPK fertilizer (urea, triple superphosphate and potassium sulfate) at five levels (0 (b1), 25% (b2), 50% (b3), 75% (b4), and 100% (b5) of the soil test basis). At the end of each year, leaf yield and nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, and lawson concentrations of the leaves were measured in the different treatments. The results of two-year combined analysis showed that the interaction between organic and chemical fertilizer treatments was significant on yield and leaf lawson concentration. The highest leaf dry weight (483.2 g.m-2) was related to the a2b5 treatment which was not significantly different from a2b4 (473.7 g.m-2). The a2b5 and a2b4 treatments had 41.2% and 38.5% better yield than the control, respectively. Also, the a2b5 treatment showed the highest leaf lawson content (30.1 g.plant-1) without significant difference with a2b4 (25.2 g.plant-1). Considering the situation of the study region in terms of non-use of organic fertilizers and also the economic justification of the produced henna, it could be recommended to use 15 ton.ha-1 cattle manure with a 25% reduction of chemical fertilizer NPK for the henna production.
Agriculture and horticulture
S.M. Mohammadi; F, Sefidkon; S. Asadi-Sanam; S. Kalatejari
Abstract
To investigate the effects of different nutritional treatments on morphological characteristics, essential oil yield, and the amount of some elements in the soil and plant branches of Satureja khuzistanica Jamzad, an experiment was conducted as a randomized complete block design with three replications ...
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To investigate the effects of different nutritional treatments on morphological characteristics, essential oil yield, and the amount of some elements in the soil and plant branches of Satureja khuzistanica Jamzad, an experiment was conducted as a randomized complete block design with three replications and 14 nutritional treatments during two growing seasons (2017-2018, 2018-2019). Treatments included 1- C (control), 2- NPK (Chemical fertilizer 50-25-25 kg.ha-1), 3- CM30, 4- CM60 (CM: Cattle manure 30 and 60 ton.ha-1), 5- CM30+NPK, 6- CM60+NPK, 7- V5 (Vermicompost 50 ton.ha-1), 8- V5+NPK, 9- GM (Glomus mosseae), 10- GI (Glomus intraradices), 11- S0+T, 12- S250+T, 13- S500+T (S: Sulfur 0, 250, and 500 kg.ha-1, T: Thiobacillus), and 14- V5+T. The analysis of variance showed the significant effect (p < /em>≤0.01) of year×fertilizer treatments on the all morphological characteristics, percentage and essential oil yield, and the amount of potassium and sulfur of plant branches. The highest plant height in the first and second years was related to the CM30+NPK and CM60 treatments, respectively. The highest number of branches in the first and second years was observed in the CM30+NPK and GM treatments, respectively. The CM30+NPK treatment had the highest shade width in both years. Also, the highest amount of dry matter of flowering branches in the first and second years was related to the CM30+NPK and V5+T treatments, respectively. According to the results, the highest essential oil percentage in the first and second years was observed in the GM and S0 + T treatments, respectively. The application of V5+NPK and V5 +T treatments significantly increased the essential oil yield in the first and second years, respectively. The results also showed that the highest potassium content of branches in the first and second years was related to the GI and V5 + NPK treatments, respectively. Also, the highest sulfur content of branches in the first and second years was obtained in the V5 and S500 + T treatments, respectively. In general, the present study showed that the use of biofertilizers increases the efficiency of essential oil percentage and the amount of nutrients in this plant. Also, it could be recommended to use vermicompost along with the chemical and biological fertilizers to increase the essential oil yield of Satureja khuzistanica.
S. Mafakheri; R. Aminian
Abstract
Though chemical fertilizers increase crop production, their long-term use causes soil compaction and decreased fertility, increased air and water pollution, as well as increased greenhouse gases emission, ultimately leading to serious damage to human health and the environment. A greenhouse experiment ...
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Though chemical fertilizers increase crop production, their long-term use causes soil compaction and decreased fertility, increased air and water pollution, as well as increased greenhouse gases emission, ultimately leading to serious damage to human health and the environment. A greenhouse experiment was conducted during 2018 to evaluate the effects of chemical and bio-fertilizers on the quality and quantity of Coriander (Coriandrum sativum L.) in a randomized complete block design with four treatments. The experimental treatments included chemical fertilizer (NPK), seaweed extract, humic acid, and control (without fertilizer) with five replications. The results showed that the treatments had a significant effect on most of the traits. The highest plant height, plant dry weight, number of umbels per plant, number of seeds per plant, 1000 seed weight, number of primary branches, chlorophyll content, leaf carotenoid content, and essential oil content were obtained in the plants treated with chemical fertilizer as well as seaweed extract. The highest plant fresh weight was obtained from chemical fertilizer treatment, and the highest number of secondary branches (9.08) and linalool percentage (61.32%) were obtained from the seaweed extract treatment. The results indicated that the seaweed extract could be a good replacement for chemical fertilizers in coriander.
E. Hormozinejad; M. Zolfaghari; M. Mahmoodi Sourestani; N. Enayati Zamir
Abstract
In order to investigate the effects of Plant Growth Promothing Rhizobacteria (PGPR) on growth, yield, flowering and biochemical content of marigold (Calendula officinalis L.), an experiment was carried out in a randomized complete block design with five treatments and four replications during the 2015-2016 ...
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In order to investigate the effects of Plant Growth Promothing Rhizobacteria (PGPR) on growth, yield, flowering and biochemical content of marigold (Calendula officinalis L.), an experiment was carried out in a randomized complete block design with five treatments and four replications during the 2015-2016 in the Faculty of Agriculture of Shahid Chamran University of Ahvaz. The treatments included Entrobacter closea R13, Entrobacter closea R33, Pseudomonas sp., chemical fertilizers (NPK), and control (no fertilizer). The results of the experiment showed that the highest flower number per square meter, leaf number, stem branches, receptacle diameter, and capitol diameter were observed in E. closea R13, while the highest capitol fresh and dry weight was found in E. closea R33. Moreover, the most leaf phosphorus and nitrogen content, and leaf chlorophyll and carotenoids content were observed in the plots incubated with E. closea R13. The highest and lowest total phenolic content was found in the Entrobacter treatment and control, respectively. Mean comparison of treatment effects showed that the effects of E.closea R33 were similar to E. closea R13 in most parameters and there was no significant difference between them. According to the positive and additive effects of PGPR on calendula plants, the PGPR could be recommended as an alternative to chemical fertilizers to reduce the consumption of chemical fertilizers and guaranty the production of medicinal plants, free of chemicals.
F. Abbaspour; H.R. Asghri; P. Rezvani Moghaddam; H. Abbasdokht; J. Shabahang; A. Baig Babaei
Abstract
A field experiment was conducted focusing on the effects of biochar on quantity characteristics of Black Seed (Nigella sativa L.) under water deficit conditions. The experimental design was split plot factorial in a randomized complete block design with three replications. Three levels of irrigation ...
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A field experiment was conducted focusing on the effects of biochar on quantity characteristics of Black Seed (Nigella sativa L.) under water deficit conditions. The experimental design was split plot factorial in a randomized complete block design with three replications. Three levels of irrigation (I1: 100%, I2: 70% and I3: 40% of water irrigation requirement) were assigned as main plots and the combination of three levels of biochar (B1: 0, B2: 10 and B3:20 t.ha-1) and two levels of chemical fertilizers (F1: without and F2: with chemical fertilizer) were allocated as sub plots. Results were shown that seed number per plant and seed weight per plant significantly increased by 10 t.ha-1 biochar application compared with 20 t.ha-1. Chemical fertilizer significantly affected the yield components of black seed except 1000-seed weight. The interaction between biochar, chemical fertilizer and water requirements significantly affected the seed yield and biological yield. The result revealed that the application of 10 t.ha-1 biochar plus 70% water irrigation requirement and using chemical fertilizer (I2B2F2) produced the highest seed yield and biological yield (1365 and 5776 kg.ha-1, respectively). Application of biochar combined with chemical fertilizers could improve soil nutrient and water availability conditions and increased the yield of black seed.
H. Yadegari; I. Khammari; M. Salari; B.A. Fakheri; M. Rahimi; F. Bidarnamani
Abstract
Milk thistle (Silybum marianum L.), belonging to the Asteraceae family, is an annual plant and prefers light and fertile soils. Silymarin is the most important compound extracted from the seeds of this plant and it is used in the treatment of liver diseases, hepatitis, cirrhosis and liver cancer prevention. ...
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Milk thistle (Silybum marianum L.), belonging to the Asteraceae family, is an annual plant and prefers light and fertile soils. Silymarin is the most important compound extracted from the seeds of this plant and it is used in the treatment of liver diseases, hepatitis, cirrhosis and liver cancer prevention. In usual agricultural systems, the purpose of using fertilizers and their combination is to obtain the highest seed yield and quality of the active substances. In order to investigation of the effect of different fertilizers and their combination on some quantitative and qualitative characteristics of milk thistle, an experiment was arranged in split plot in a randomized complete block design with three replications in the Research Farm of Agricultural Institute, University of Zabol, during 2013-2014. In this study, the main factors were Hungary genotype (A1) and Mashhadi population (A2) and the sub factors were application of different fertilizers such as control treatment, manure, chemical fertilizer (urea + ammonium phosphate + potassium), mycorrhizal fungi (Glomus mossaea), combination of nitroxin, bio-sulfur and bio-superphosphate, combination of chemical fertilizer and manure, combination of mycorrhizal fungi and manure, and nano-iron chelate. The results showed that there was not any significant difference between Hungary genotype and Mashhadi population. Totally, the mycorrhizal fungi (G. mossaea) was the best treatment than other fertilizer treatments in the milk thistle plant and it caused enhancing the growth and better activity of photosynthetic pigments as well as improved seed yield and increased silymarin substance in the milk thistle plant.
A. Movaghatian; E. Fateh; A. Aynehband; A. Siahpoosh
Abstract
In order to study the effects of chemical and biological fertilizers on soil physical properties, nutrient uptake, nutrient concentration in soil and plant and seed yield and essential oil of fennel (Foeniculum vulgare Miller.), a field experiment was conducted in Agricultural Faculty of Shahid Chamran ...
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In order to study the effects of chemical and biological fertilizers on soil physical properties, nutrient uptake, nutrient concentration in soil and plant and seed yield and essential oil of fennel (Foeniculum vulgare Miller.), a field experiment was conducted in Agricultural Faculty of Shahid Chamran University in 2011. Trial study was carried out as two-ways factorial in a randomized complete block design (RCBD) with three replications. Chemical fertilizer at three levels (C1=0-0-0 kg/ha NPK, C2=60-60-48 kg/ha NPK and C3=120-120-96 kg/ha NPK) was the first factor, and different biological fertilizers at six levels (B1=control, B2=Biosuperphosphate+Nitroxin, B3=Nitroxin, B4=Biosuperphosphate, B5=Biosulphur and B6=Sugar cane waste compost) were the second factor. Results showed that chemical fertilizer had significant effect on all traits except soil bulk density, soil porosity and essential oil yield. The interaction of chemical fertilizer and biological fertilizer was significant for seed phosphorus, soil bulk density and soil porosity percentage. The highest grain yield (237.66 kg/ha) and essential oil yield (6.46 kg/ha) was found at sugar cane waste compost in combination with 120-120-96 kg/ha NPK and the lowest grain yield (103.15 kg/ha) and essential oil yield (2.63 kg/ha) was obtained at bio sulfur without chemical fertilizer application, respectively. Also, sugar cane waste compost in combination with 120-120-96 kg/ha NPK had the highest grain nitrogen (2.61%) and phosphorus (0.33%), respectively. The lowest was obtained at control treatment. Totally, the results suggested that the sugar cane waste in combination with 60-60-48 kg/ha NPK was the best treatment for fennel cultivation.
Z. Rasouli; S. Maleki Farahani; H. Besharati
Abstract
Saffron (Crocus sativus L.) quantitative and qualitative yield was assessed in a factorial experiment based on randomized complete block design with three replications. The factors included NPK fertilizers at three levels (0, 50 and 100 percent of the recommended amount of fertilizer) and non-chemical ...
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Saffron (Crocus sativus L.) quantitative and qualitative yield was assessed in a factorial experiment based on randomized complete block design with three replications. The factors included NPK fertilizers at three levels (0, 50 and 100 percent of the recommended amount of fertilizer) and non-chemical fertilizers in four levels (no fertilizer, vermicompost, bio fertilizers containing Pseudomonas and Bacillus, and integrated application of vermicompost and bio fertilizers). Results showed that the interaction effect of chemical and non-chemical fertilizers was significant on all parameters and fertilization increased the quality and quantity yield of saffron compared to control. Integrated application of 50% of the amounts of chemical fertilizers, vermicompost and bacteria was the superior treatment to increase stigma dry weight, stigma yield, crocin percentage, picrocrocin percentage and safranal percentage by 2.03, 4.65, 0.83, 1.10 and 1.46 fold, respectively in comparison with control. Although the effectiveness of integrated application of bacteria with 0% and 100% chemical fertilizers on crocin content, pure vermicompost and integrated application of bacteria with 50% and 100% chemical fertilizers on picrocrocin content and pure bacteria on safranal content were more than those of integrated application of vermicompost, bio and 50% chemical fertilizer, the greatest impacts of recent treatment on flower yield, stigma yield and stigma ingredients led to introduce it as the superior treatment. The effectiveness of this treatment compared to 0%, 50% and 100% of chemical fertilizer application on dry stigma was 50.95%, 20.48% and 12.86%, respectively.
Gh.H. Talaei; M. Amini Dehaghi
Abstract
In order to study the effects of biological and chemical fertilizers on yield and yield components of cumin (Cuminum cyminum L.), an experiment was conducted in Shahed University in 2011.The factors included biological phosphorus at two levels (inoculated and non-inoculated), chemical phosphorus at three ...
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In order to study the effects of biological and chemical fertilizers on yield and yield components of cumin (Cuminum cyminum L.), an experiment was conducted in Shahed University in 2011.The factors included biological phosphorus at two levels (inoculated and non-inoculated), chemical phosphorus at three levels (0, 40, 80 kg.ha-1 P2O5 from triple super phosphate), biological nitrogen with trade name Nitroxin (inoculated and non- inoculated), and chemical nitrogen at three levels (0, 25, 50 kg.ha-1 N from urea). Experimental treatments were arranged in a RCBD in a factorial arrangement with three replications. In this experiment, number of umbels per plant, number of seeds per umbel, 1000 seeds weight, plant height, seed yield, biological yield, harvest index (HI), essential oil percentage and essential oil yield were measured. According to the obtained results, significant differences were found among fertilizer treatments for number of umbels per plant, number of seeds per umbel, biological yield, seed yield, harvest index (HI), and essential oil yield (p<0.01). Results showed that the maximum number of umbels per plant (29.73 number), number of seeds per umbel (11.1 number), biological yield (245 g.m-2), seed yield (101.3 g.m-2), harvest index (47.22%) and essential oil yield (2.96 g.m-2) were obtained by applying 40 kg/ha-1 triple super phosphate, biological phosphorus, 25 kg.ha-1 N and biological nitrogen. The minimum values were recorded for control group.
E. Ghasemi Siani; S. Fallah; A. Tadayyon
Abstract
In order to investigate the response of quantitative and qualitative characteristics of isabgol (Plantago ovata Forssk.) to different irrigation regimes and different fertilizers, a field experiment was conducted at the research farm, Shahrekord University, 2009. The experimental design was split-plot ...
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In order to investigate the response of quantitative and qualitative characteristics of isabgol (Plantago ovata Forssk.) to different irrigation regimes and different fertilizers, a field experiment was conducted at the research farm, Shahrekord University, 2009. The experimental design was split-plot in randomized complete blocks design with three replications. Whole plots were three replications of irrigation intervals (irrigation after 7, 14 and 21 days), and sub plots were different N fertilizers including 100% chemical fertilizer, 100% chicken manure, 75% chemical fertilizer + 25% chicken manure, 50% chemical fertilizer + 50% chicken manure, 25% chemical fertilizer + 75% chicken manure and no fertilizer. The irrigation regimes showed significant effect on the plant seed yield, plant height, number of spike per plant, spike length and mucilage percentage, but was not affected significantly in number of tillers per plant, number of seeds per plant, 1000-seed weights and seed swelling. The greatest seed yield and mucilage percentage were obtained at 7 and 14 days of irrigation regimes respectively. Seed yield, number of tillers per plant, plant height, number of spikes per plant, spike length, number of seeds per plant, 1000-seed weights, mucilage percentage and seed swelling were significantly affected under different fertilizer treatments. The maximum dry weight and seed yield were obtained with 50% and 70% replacement of chemical fertilizer and chicken manure respectively. In summary, our results illustrated that application of 75% chicken manure + 25% chemical fertilizer with 14 days intervals of irrigation was beneficial to isabgol.
