S. Etminan; Z. Sheibani Tezerjii; M.R. Hassani
Abstract
Due to the economic importance of stored product pests and disadvantages of chemical insecticides, in this study, the repellency and oviposition deterrency effect of garlic and pepper extract (Tondexir®) and powder was investigated on Plodia interpunctella Hubner (Lep.: Pyralidae). The repellency ...
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Due to the economic importance of stored product pests and disadvantages of chemical insecticides, in this study, the repellency and oviposition deterrency effect of garlic and pepper extract (Tondexir®) and powder was investigated on Plodia interpunctella Hubner (Lep.: Pyralidae). The repellency effect of different concentrations of tondexir (1, 5, 10, 15 and 20%) and garlic and pepper powders was evaluated using Y-shaped olfactometeron adult insects and fourth larval instars, and using leaky glass and petri dish methods on first larval instars, in addition to evaluating the oviposition deterrency effect of these compounds on adult insects. The results showed that 20% concentration of tondexir and garlic powder had the highest repellency effect (63.97% and 58.90%, respectively) on adult insects. The repellency effect of treatments on fourth larval instars was less than that of adult insects. Garlic powder and 20% concentration of tondexir had the highest repellency effect (57.5% and 40%, respectively) on fourth larval instars. Pepper powder showed the highest repellency rate (82.5%) on first larval instars in leaky glass method. The petri dish method had the lowest repellency rate and its highest rate (67.5%) was observed at 20% concentration of tondexir. The highest oviposition deterrency effect of adult insects was related to garlic powder (47.89%) and 20% concentration of tondexir (47.65%). The results of the present study indicated the efficacy of garlic and pepper extract and powder in repelling and the oviposition deterrency of P. interpunctella.
F. Hamzavi; S. Moharramipour; A.A. Talebi
Abstract
Tribolium confusum Jacquelin du Val., Sitophilus granarius L. and Oryzaephilus surinamensis L. are the most important stored-product pests on stored wheat. This research was aimed to investigate the repellency effect of Eucalyptus camaldulensis Dehnh. and Callistemon viminalis (Gaertn.) G.Don essential ...
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Tribolium confusum Jacquelin du Val., Sitophilus granarius L. and Oryzaephilus surinamensis L. are the most important stored-product pests on stored wheat. This research was aimed to investigate the repellency effect of Eucalyptus camaldulensis Dehnh. and Callistemon viminalis (Gaertn.) G.Don essential oils against the above mentioned insects. Essential oils were obtained from dry leaves of Eucalyptus camaldulensis Dehnh. and Callistemon viminalis (Gaertn), subjected to hydrodistillation using a modified Clevenger. The Y-tube olfactometer bioassay was used to test the repellency of essential oils. Different concentrations of essential oils (4-10 µl) were prepared by dissolving in 50 µl acetone and mixing with 2 g wheat kernels. The highest repellency of E. camaldulensid and C. viminalis essential oils were obtained at concentration levels of 90% and 70% for T. confusum, 60% and 35% for S. granarius and 60% and 53% for O. surinamensis, respectively. Results indicated that the essential oils were more repellent to T. confusum as compared to S. granariu and O. surinamensis. At a concentration of 35.71 µl/l. air, the half-life time of E. camaldulensis essential oils (3.79 days) was as long as C. viminalis (4.34 days) on T. confusum. The persistence of E. camaldulensis essential oils (4.40 days) was significantly longer than that of C. viminalis (2.15 days) on S. granarius. Findings indicated that the tested essential oils in protected areas had substantial repellency even at low concentrations; however, they were less persistent compounds, broken down more quickly.
F. Hariri moghadam; S. Moharramipour; F. Sefidkon
Abstract
Two-spotted spider mite Tetranychus urticae Koch is one of the most well known polyphagous pests of crops in the world. Due to undesirable effects of synthetic pesticides such as expression of resistance in mites, this research was conducted to achieve alternative safe compounds to environment. Therefore, ...
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Two-spotted spider mite Tetranychus urticae Koch is one of the most well known polyphagous pests of crops in the world. Due to undesirable effects of synthetic pesticides such as expression of resistance in mites, this research was conducted to achieve alternative safe compounds to environment. Therefore, in this Research, repellent activity and persistence of two plant essential oils, including of Eucalyptus salmonophloia F. Muell and Eucalyptus kingsmillii (Mauden) Maiden & blakely, were studied on T. urticae , at 27 ± 0.5 °C, 50 ± 0.5% RH and photoperiod of 16:8 h (L:D). The essential oils were extracted using Clevenger-type apparatus. According to the repellency index formula, it was found that both essential oils of E. salmonophloia and E. kingsmillii from 4 applied concentrations were only repellent in two concentrations. Generally, no significant differences of repellency were found between two plant essential oils of E. salmonophloia and E. kingsmillii at different concentrations. In repellency experiment for essential oils, it was found that no significant differences were observed between essential oils of E. salmonophloia and E. kingsmillii. Our findings indicated that Eucalyptus species had reliable repellent activity and persistence on T. urticae. However, more research is necessary to make these compounds applicable.
H. Akrami; S. Moharramipour; S. Imani
Abstract
Cowpea weevil Callosobruchus maculatus (F.) is one of the serious post-harvest pests of stored products. The damaged seeds are unsuitable for human or animal consumption and also for farm cultivation. To control this pest in warehouses, usage of essential oils is considered as an appropriate alternative ...
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Cowpea weevil Callosobruchus maculatus (F.) is one of the serious post-harvest pests of stored products. The damaged seeds are unsuitable for human or animal consumption and also for farm cultivation. To control this pest in warehouses, usage of essential oils is considered as an appropriate alternative to synthetic pesticides. Therefore, a study was conducted to investigate oviposition deterrence and repellency effects of Thymus kotschyanus Boiss & Hohen and Mentha longifolia L. on C. maculatus. These plants were collected from around of Tehran. Essential oils were subjected to hydrodistillation using a Clevenger-type apparatus for 3 h. The experiments were done under dark condition in 27 ± 1 ˚C and 65 ± 5 % R.H. Essential oils significantly reduced oviposition of the adults as 500 µl of T. kotschyanus and M. longifolia essential oils (1800 ppm) caused 87.64 and 86.36% oviposition deterrence respectively. Also, essential oils had repellent activity on C. maculatus. At 800 ppm, repellency of M. longifolia and Thymus kotschyanus was recorded 90% and 73.33 % respectively.
J. Nazemi Rafih; S. Moharramipour
Abstract
Red flour beetle Tribolium castaneum isa major pest of stored products especially cereal flour depreciating the quantity and quality of the food economically. The application of repellents could be considered as a new control method in storage. In this study repellent activity of extracts from leaf, ...
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Red flour beetle Tribolium castaneum isa major pest of stored products especially cereal flour depreciating the quantity and quality of the food economically. The application of repellents could be considered as a new control method in storage. In this study repellent activity of extracts from leaf, red and white flowers of Nerium oleander, Lavandula officinalis leaves and Ferula assafoetida gum was assayed on T. castaneum. Experiments were conducted in dark condition at 27±1ºC and 70-80% RH. To determine percentage repellency (PR), filter paper disks were impregnated with different concentrations of plant extracts. Each filter paper was divided into two equal parts. Then, each half-disk was separately added by extract dilutions (1.99, 3.98, 11.94, 19.90 and 27.78 μl/cm2) or acetone as control. Each treated half-disk was then attached lengthwise edge-to-edge, to a control half-disk with adhesive tape and placed in a petri dish (8cm diam.). Twenty adult insects were released in the middle of each filter paper, and the insects that settled on each half, were counted after 1 h and then at hourly intervals for 5h. The results showed that the repellency of Ferula gum was significantly higher than that of remaining extracts. The highest PR (98.75%) was observed in the Ferula gum in the concentration of 27.78 μl/cm2. While, the lowest PR (5.5%) was shown in the Lavandula leaf extract in 1.99 μl/cm2. Repellency increased with concentration in all cases, the repellent effect did not decreased with time over the 5-h experimental period.
M. Negahban; S. Moharramipour
Volume 22, Issue 4 , February 2007, , Pages 293-302
Abstract
Repellent activity and persistence of essential oil of Artemisia sieberi Besser were investigated against three stored product insect speciesCallosobruchus maculatus F., Sitophilus oryzae L. and Tribolium Castaneum Herbst at 27±1˚C, 65 ± 5 %R. H under dark condition. In this study, dry ...
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Repellent activity and persistence of essential oil of Artemisia sieberi Besser were investigated against three stored product insect speciesCallosobruchus maculatus F., Sitophilus oryzae L. and Tribolium Castaneum Herbst at 27±1˚C, 65 ± 5 %R. H under dark condition. In this study, dry ground leaves were subjected to hydrodistillation using a modified clevenger-type apparatus. On the basis of the LT50s, C. maculatus was killed faster than S. oryzae and T. castaneum. Also, persistence or half-life time of the oil for C. maculatus was significantly longer than S. oryzae and T. castaneum. However, the essential oil was significantly more repellent to T. castaneum than S. oryzae and C. maculatus. These results demonstrated the efficacy of A. sieberi oil for applying in organic food protection.
