Biological effects of essential oils and extracts
M. Mohammadzadeh; M. Salarmoini; M. Afsharmanesh; M. Khajeh Bami
Abstract
To investigate the effects of sex and fenugreek (Trigonella foenum-graecum L.) seed powder on the growth performance, immune response, and intestinal microflora and morphology of broilers, a factorial experiment was conducted with 240 one-day-old broilers (strain Ross308, 120 males and 120 females) in ...
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To investigate the effects of sex and fenugreek (Trigonella foenum-graecum L.) seed powder on the growth performance, immune response, and intestinal microflora and morphology of broilers, a factorial experiment was conducted with 240 one-day-old broilers (strain Ross308, 120 males and 120 females) in a completely randomized design with three levels of fenugreek seed powder (zero, 0.5, and 1 %) and two sex (male and female) with four replications and 10 birds per replicate. The results showed that the body weight gain, feed intake, European efficiency factor, and intestinal Lactobacillus bacteria population were higher in the males than the females (P<0.05). The main effects of fenugreek seed powder and sex showed that the length and villi width and villus length to crypt depth ratio were higher in the intestine of chickens fed with the diet containing 1% fenugreek than the control and in the males than the females (P<0.05). The interactions showed that the length and villi width and villus length to crypt depth ratio were lower in the intestines of males fed with the control diet compared to the other groups (P<0.05). The antibody titer against the sheep red blood cells in the serum of chickens fed with the diet containing 1% fenugreek was higher than the control (P<0.05). In general, the results showed that adding 1% fenugreek seed powder to the broilers diet had beneficial effects and could improve the intestinal morphology and immune response.
P. Mohammadzadeh Toutounchi; R. Amirnia
Abstract
This research was aimed to investigate the effects of foliar application of micronutrients on some morphological traits in fenugreek (Trigonella foenum-graecum L.). The study was conducted in a randomized complete block design with eight treatments and three replications in 2012 at the research farm ...
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This research was aimed to investigate the effects of foliar application of micronutrients on some morphological traits in fenugreek (Trigonella foenum-graecum L.). The study was conducted in a randomized complete block design with eight treatments and three replications in 2012 at the research farm of Agriculture and Natural Resources of West Azarbaijan Research Station. Treatments included: control (no spray), foliar application of iron, zinc, manganese, iron + zinc, iron + manganese, zinc + manganese, iron + zinc + manganese. These elements were provided from iron sulfate, zinc sulfate and manganese sulfate and were applied at pre-flowering stage. Results indicated that there was statistically significant difference between control and spraying of micronutrient elements. In addition, results showed that spraying of micronutrient elements significantly affected plant height, number of lateral branches, number of pods per plant, number of grain per pod and fresh forage yield. Iron + zinc+ manganese spraying was superior compared to the other spraying treatments. Thus, results showed that the use of micronutrients could improve the morphological characteristics of Fenugreek.
M. Khosravi; S.Gh. Moosavi; M.J. Seghatoleslami
Abstract
In order to study the effect of irrigation interval, Nitrogen (N) fertilization and plant density on yield and yield components of fenugreek (Trigonella foenum-graecum L.), a split-split-plot experiment was conducted in Darmian, Iran in Spring 2010 based on a randomized complete block design with three ...
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In order to study the effect of irrigation interval, Nitrogen (N) fertilization and plant density on yield and yield components of fenugreek (Trigonella foenum-graecum L.), a split-split-plot experiment was conducted in Darmian, Iran in Spring 2010 based on a randomized complete block design with three replications. The main plots were irrigation interval at two levels of 5 and 10 days. The sub-plots were N fertilization at three rates of 0, 75 and 150 kg N.ha-1 from urea source and the sub-sub-plots were plant density at three levels of 22, 33 and 66 plants.m-2. According to the results of analysis of variance, irrigation interval significantly affected traits of pod length and water use efficiency (WUE) for seed and biomass production. In addition, main branch number per plant, pod length, seed yield, chlorophyll index and WUE for seed and biomass production, were significantly affected by nitrogen rate and plant density had significant effect on main branch number per plant and ring diameter. Means comparison showed that as irrigation interval was increased from 5 to 10 days, pod length decreased 8.7%, but WUE for seed and biomass production increased 40.5 and 47.5%, respectively. Also, as N rate was increased from 0 to 150 kg N.ha-1, main branch number per plant, pod length, seed yield, chlorophyll index and WUE for seed and biomass production increased by 23.5, 26.4, 23.2, 67.1, 72.3 and 71.5%, respectively. Moreover, with increasing of density from 22 to 66 plant. m-2, branch number per plant and ring diameter decrased 7.9 and 11.2%, respectively. In total, given the results of the study and the importance of water saving, it is recommended to use irrigation interval of 10 days with the application of 150 kg N.ha-1 and density of 66 plants.m-2 for the cultivation of fenugreek in Darmian, Iran.
E. Afshari; G.A Ranjbar; S.K. Kazemitabar; M. Riasat; H. Kazemi Poshtmasari
Abstract
Doubling the number of chromosomes in a medicinal plant leads to variation in allelic composition and diversity of active enzymes in secondary metabolites biosynthesis route and can facilitate the process of secondary metabolism and increase secondary metabolite. This experiment was conducted in order ...
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Doubling the number of chromosomes in a medicinal plant leads to variation in allelic composition and diversity of active enzymes in secondary metabolites biosynthesis route and can facilitate the process of secondary metabolism and increase secondary metabolite. This experiment was conducted in order to study the effect of colchicine and trifluralin on ploidy induction and cytogenetic characteristics of cells in the root meristem of fenugreek. Root tips were used for karyotypic studies. Seedlings were treated by colchicine solution at 0.25, 0.5 and 1 gl-1 concentrations and trifluralin solution 48% at 7.5, 15 and 22.5 μM concentrations for 12 and 24 h. The Video Analysis System was used for karyotype analysis. The basic chromosome number was X=8. Results showed that concentration of trifluralin and colchicine, treatments duration and interaction between them on the ploidy induction were statistically significant. The maximum ploidy induction was happened by seedling immersion in 22.5 μM trifluralin for 24 h and in 0.5 gl-1 colchicine for 12 h. Treatments affected the length of chromosomes and karyotypic formula. Result of analysis of variance based on completely randomized design (CRD) showed significant differences among the karyotype of control and treated samples for all karyotypic traits (p <0.01). Induced polyploidy affected by trifluralin was more than that of colchicines, although the concentrations of trifluralin were approximately 100 times lower than concentrations of colchicine. This indicates a greater ability of trifluralin in ploidy induction in this plant.
E. Afshari; Gh. Ranjbar; S.K. Kazemitabar; M. Riasat; H. Kazemi Poshtmasari
Abstract
In order to study callus induction, somatic embryogenesis and plant regeneration in fenugreek (Trigonella foenum-graecum L.) an experiment was conducted in Sari Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources University during 2008. In the current experiment, different explants including stem segments, embryos, ...
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In order to study callus induction, somatic embryogenesis and plant regeneration in fenugreek (Trigonella foenum-graecum L.) an experiment was conducted in Sari Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources University during 2008. In the current experiment, different explants including stem segments, embryos, hypocotyls, etc. were cultured on two basal culture media viz. B5 and MS. Moreover, 2, 4-D, Kin, NAA, BAP and IBA were used as plant growth regulators. Result showed that the medium containing 2mgl-1 2, 4-D in combination with 0.5mgl-1Kinetin was the best treatment for callus induction in both MS and B5 media. Combination of 0.5mgl-1 NAA and 2.5mgl-1 BAP was the best treatment for somatic embryogenesis in both basal media. Also, combination of 1.5mgl-1 BAP and 0.5mgl-1 NAA was the best hormonal treatment to shoot regeneration in both basal media. According to the results, the treatment containing 1 mgl-1 IBA was optimum for root induction from regenerated shoots on MS medium.
