Biotechnology
F. Noormand Moaied; N. Valizadeh; T. Samandari Giklo
Abstract
Silybum marianum L., from fam. asteraceae, is a very important medicinal plant in the pharmaceutical industry due to its active ingredient silymarin. Silymarin is very effective in treating the liver diseases, hepatitis, and cardiovascular disorders. Since the potential and production speed of this medicinal ...
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Silybum marianum L., from fam. asteraceae, is a very important medicinal plant in the pharmaceutical industry due to its active ingredient silymarin. Silymarin is very effective in treating the liver diseases, hepatitis, and cardiovascular disorders. Since the potential and production speed of this medicinal compound is low in habitats under natural conditions, the use of genetic engineering and production of transgenic plants using the various techniques such as tissue culture has been considered in this plant. The first step in this direction is to obtain an in vitro regeneration protocol. In this study, the leaf explants obtained from the Hungarian cultivar of S. marianum were evaluated for the direct regeneration affected by different combinations of hormones. Six weeks after the culture, the highest shooting (57%) was observed in the ½ MS medium containing 0.4 mg l-1 zeatin, 0.2 mg l-1 BAP, and 0.2 mg l-1 NAA. The shoots were then transferred to the root culture medium with the different hormonal treatments. The results showed that the best treatment to obtain the long and high roots was the ½ MS medium containing 0.25 mg l-1 NAA and 2 g l-1 activated charcoal. The seedlings obtained from the direct regeneration grew well after transplanting into the soil.
H. Yadegari; I. Khammari; M. Salari; B.A. Fakheri; M. Rahimi; F. Bidarnamani
Abstract
Milk thistle (Silybum marianum L.), belonging to the Asteraceae family, is an annual plant and prefers light and fertile soils. Silymarin is the most important compound extracted from the seeds of this plant and it is used in the treatment of liver diseases, hepatitis, cirrhosis and liver cancer prevention. ...
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Milk thistle (Silybum marianum L.), belonging to the Asteraceae family, is an annual plant and prefers light and fertile soils. Silymarin is the most important compound extracted from the seeds of this plant and it is used in the treatment of liver diseases, hepatitis, cirrhosis and liver cancer prevention. In usual agricultural systems, the purpose of using fertilizers and their combination is to obtain the highest seed yield and quality of the active substances. In order to investigation of the effect of different fertilizers and their combination on some quantitative and qualitative characteristics of milk thistle, an experiment was arranged in split plot in a randomized complete block design with three replications in the Research Farm of Agricultural Institute, University of Zabol, during 2013-2014. In this study, the main factors were Hungary genotype (A1) and Mashhadi population (A2) and the sub factors were application of different fertilizers such as control treatment, manure, chemical fertilizer (urea + ammonium phosphate + potassium), mycorrhizal fungi (Glomus mossaea), combination of nitroxin, bio-sulfur and bio-superphosphate, combination of chemical fertilizer and manure, combination of mycorrhizal fungi and manure, and nano-iron chelate. The results showed that there was not any significant difference between Hungary genotype and Mashhadi population. Totally, the mycorrhizal fungi (G. mossaea) was the best treatment than other fertilizer treatments in the milk thistle plant and it caused enhancing the growth and better activity of photosynthetic pigments as well as improved seed yield and increased silymarin substance in the milk thistle plant.
S. Taherniaye Mozhdehi; M. Esfahani; D. Bakhshi; B. Rabiei
Abstract
In order to investigate the effects of planting date and plant density on phyllochron and active integradients of milk thistle (Silybum marianum L.), two field factorial experiments based on a randomized complete blocks design were carried out in two sites (Rudbar and Rasht) in Guilan province, Iran, ...
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In order to investigate the effects of planting date and plant density on phyllochron and active integradients of milk thistle (Silybum marianum L.), two field factorial experiments based on a randomized complete blocks design were carried out in two sites (Rudbar and Rasht) in Guilan province, Iran, with three planting dates (Sep., 23; Oct., 12 and Nov., 1) and three plant densities (4, 6 and 8 plant.m-2) during 2008-2009. In this experiment it was observed that phyllochron was affected by planting date and plant density and with delay in planting date (from Sep., 23 to Nov., 1), phyllochron decreased and the rate of leaf appearance increased. The highest rate of leaf appearance was obtained in Oct., 12 (8.6 and 7.7 days in Rasht and Rudbar, respectively). Phyllochron increased with increasing plant density and the lowest phyllochron and, in other words, the maximum rate of leaf appearance was obtained in Rudbar site at a plant density of 4 plant.m-2 (7.7 days). The effect of planting date on silibin content of seeds in Rudbar site was significant (maximum 1.872 mg.g.-1DW) but it wasn’t significant on silibin content in Rasht. Effect of plant density was not significant on silibin yield.ha-1 and silibin content at both sites. Results of combined analysis showed that the effect of planting date on silibin and interaction effect of site and planting date on silibin yield.ha-1 was significant. The maximum silibin yield (1.31 kg.ha-1) was obtained from Sep., 23 in Rudbar site. According to the results of this experiment, although a delay in planting enhanced the rate of leaf appearance and increased plant's readiness to over-wintering, but it had no increasing effect on silibin content of seeds.
