A. Minaei; A. Hassani; H. Nazemiyeh; S. Besharat
Abstract
To study the effect of different levels of drought stress on growth, yield and some physiological and phytochemical characteristics of oregano (Origanum vulgare L. ssp. gracile), a pot experiment, in a randomized complete design with four treatments and five replications, was conducted. Drought stress ...
Read More
To study the effect of different levels of drought stress on growth, yield and some physiological and phytochemical characteristics of oregano (Origanum vulgare L. ssp. gracile), a pot experiment, in a randomized complete design with four treatments and five replications, was conducted. Drought stress treatments were 100% (non-stress), 80%, 60% and 40% of field capacity. The results showed that drought stress had significant effect on growth parameters, dry herb yield, leaf relative water content (RWC), total phenol and flavonoid content, antioxidant activity, a, b and total chlorophyll content, essential oil content and yield. There was no significant difference between drought stress treatments for carotenoids. As the soil water content decreased, plant height, stem diameter, number and length of axillary shoots, dry herb yield, RWC, a, b and total chlorophyll content and essential oil yield decreased, but total phenol and flavonoid content, antioxidant activity and essential oil content increased. Despite the decrease in dry herb yield, the difference between 80%, 60% and 40% treatments was not significant. The highest essential oil content (1.54 ml/100 g DW) was observed in 60% of field capacity and the highest amounts of total phenol (5.21 mg gallic acid/g FW), total flavonoid (0.5 mg quercetin/g FW) and antioxidant activity (77.36%) were obtained in 40% of field capacity. The highest percentage of essential oil (54.1 mg / g dry matter) was observed in 60% of treatment capacity and the highest amount of total phenol (0.51 mg gallic acid per gram of fresh material), total flavonoid (0.5 mg Gram quercetin in grams of fresh milk) and antioxidant activity (37.36%) in 40% of treatment capacity.
A. Farhadi; M. Daneshvar; H.R. Eisvand; F. Nazarian Firoozabadi
Abstract
In order to study the effects of different amounts of humic acid fertilizer on morphological characteristics, yield components and essential oil yield of German chamomile (Matricaria chamomilla L.) under low irrigation stress, a research was carried out in the Agricultural Research Farm of Lorestan University ...
Read More
In order to study the effects of different amounts of humic acid fertilizer on morphological characteristics, yield components and essential oil yield of German chamomile (Matricaria chamomilla L.) under low irrigation stress, a research was carried out in the Agricultural Research Farm of Lorestan University during 2016-2017. The experiment was conducted in a split plot based on randomized complete block design with three replications. The experimental factors included irrigation at three levels (irrigation after 30, 60 and 90 mm evaporation from class A evaporation pan as the main factor) and consumption of humic acid at three levels (0, 5 and 10 kg /ha as sub factor). The results showed that with increasing irrigation interval, the flower fresh weight, flower dry weight, receptacle diameter, stem height and stem diameter were significantly decreased. With increasing levels of humic acid, flower harvest index, root dry weight, biological yield, essential oil yield, chamazulene yield, chlorophyll content (a, b and total) showed significant increase at all irrigation levels. In the case of flower harvest index, there was no significant difference in irrigation after 90 mm evaporation in humic acid treatments. The highest seed yield was obtained in irrigation after 60 mm evaporation and using 5 kg/ha humic acid. The highest yield of essential oil and chamazulene was obtained in irrigation after 60 mm evaporation and using humic acid at a rate of 10 kg/ha. According to the results, irrigation after 60 mm evaporation with 10 kg of humic acid per hectare is suggested for the production of maximum essential oil and chamazulene. As well, the same irrigation level with 5 kg/ha humic acid could be recommended to produce maximum seed yield.
M.` Ghorbanpour; N. Majnon Hossieni; Sh. Rezazadeh; M. Omidi; K. Khavazi; M. Hatami; R. Ghafarzadegan
Abstract
In order to indicate the water deficit stress and nitrogen fertilization effects on alkaloids yield and content of Hyoscyamus niger L. plant parts (root and shoot), this experiment was conducted at the full flowering growth stage in greenhouse conditions. Plants were treated with different nitrogen application ...
Read More
In order to indicate the water deficit stress and nitrogen fertilization effects on alkaloids yield and content of Hyoscyamus niger L. plant parts (root and shoot), this experiment was conducted at the full flowering growth stage in greenhouse conditions. Plants were treated with different nitrogen application (0, 75, 150 and 225 kg/ha N as ammonium nitrate in the form of solution, N0-N3) before the commencement of water deficit stress treatment (30, 60 and 90% depletion of water from field capacity, W1-W3). Extracted alkaloids were analyzed by Gas chromatography /mass spectrometery (GC/MS) analysis using a Younglin Acme 6000 GC system equipped with a flame ionization detector (FID) and HP-5MS capillary column (30 m × 0.25 mm, film thickness 0.25 µm). The identification of alkaloids was based on the comparison of their GC retention time and mass spectra data with their standards substances. Results showed that the highest alkaloid content values in root (HYO: 0.281 %DW; SCO: 0.232 % DW) and shoot (HYO: 0.937%DW; SCO: 0.416%DW) were achieved in plants grown under sever water deficit stress (W3) accompanied with nitrogen supply of 225kg/h (N3). The maximum and minimum (20.52 and 8.95mg.plant-1) total alkaloids yield in whole plant were obtained in N2W1 and N3W3 treatments, respectively. The survey results indicated that H. niger in the treatment of moderate water deficit stress (W2) along with 150kg N.h-1 (N2) in addition to having a good amount of content and performance of both alkaloids, it also contained the highest level of SCO, indicating alkaloid quality.
S.G.R. Mousavi; M.J. Seghatoleslami; E. Ansarinia; H. Javadi
Abstract
In order to study the effect of water deficit stress and different nitrogen levels on seed yield, yield components and water use effeciency of Calendula officinalis L., an experiment was conducted as split plot design based on randomized complete blocks with three replications, at research field of Islamic ...
Read More
In order to study the effect of water deficit stress and different nitrogen levels on seed yield, yield components and water use effeciency of Calendula officinalis L., an experiment was conducted as split plot design based on randomized complete blocks with three replications, at research field of Islamic Azad University of Birjand branch in 2009. In this research water deficit stress set as main factor with three levels (irrigation after 60, 120 and 180 mm evaporation from pan class A) and nitrogen set as sub factor with four levels (0, 60, 120 and 180 kg N ha-1). The results showed irrigation trearments had significant effect (α=1%) on seed yield and it,s components, biological yield, harvest index and water use efficiency for seed and biomass. With incereasing of irrigation intervals from 60 to 180 mm evaporation from pan class A, seed number per capitul, number of capitul per m2, 1000-seed weight, seed yield, number and dry yield of flower decereased 26.6, 49.5, 39.6, 79.3, 65.6 and 72 percent, respectively. The highest biomass yield and weight of one capitul was releated to irrigation after 60 mm evaporation treatment, but irrigation after 60 mm evaporation treatment had the highest WUE. Also the results showed that nitrogen fertilizer trearment affected significantly (α=1%) all traits except capitul number per m2 nitrogen fertilizer application increased these traits, significantly. Interaction of irrigation and nitrogen on all traits was not significant. In conclusion, irrigation after 120 mm evaporation with 120 kg N ha-1 had suitable seed yield with the highest WUE for seed.
E. Jamshidi; A. Ghalavand; F. Sefidkon; E. Goltaph
Abstract
In order to study the effects of different nutrition systems (Organic and Chemical) on quantitative and qualitative characteristics of Fennel (Foeniculum valgare Mill.) under water deficit stress, an experiment was conducted as split plot in a randomized complete block design with three replications ...
Read More
In order to study the effects of different nutrition systems (Organic and Chemical) on quantitative and qualitative characteristics of Fennel (Foeniculum valgare Mill.) under water deficit stress, an experiment was conducted as split plot in a randomized complete block design with three replications at the field station of Tarbiat Modares University in Peykan Shahr during cropping season of 2009. In this study, the main plots were three irrigation regime levels (Soil water content of 40% as the control treatment (C1), 60% (C2) and 80% (C3)) and sub-plots were different nutrition systems (10 ton/ha cattle manure, 10 ton/ha spent mushroom compost, 5 ton/ha cattle manure + 5 tan/ha spent mushroom compost and chemical fertilizer). Although the result showed that water deficit stress caused an increase in essential oil percentage, grain yield and essential oil yield decreased extremely under water deficit stress. The results showed that different nutrition systems significantly affected grain yield, essential oil yield and fenchone (p ≤ 0.01). Mean comparisons showed that using mushroom compost in favorable irrigation condition resulted in maximum essential oil yield (31.8 Kg.ha-1). This result was confirmed as the higher grain yield (1289.8 Kg.ha-1) obtained in the same treatment.
K. Babaee; M. Amini Dehaghi; S.A.M. Modares Sanavi; R. Jabbari
Abstract
Water deficit stress, permanent or temporary, limits the growth and the distribution of natural vegetation and the performance of cultivated plants more than any other environmental factors. Mechanism involved is still not clear. Thyme (Thymus vulgaris L.) is an important medicinal plant in perfume and ...
Read More
Water deficit stress, permanent or temporary, limits the growth and the distribution of natural vegetation and the performance of cultivated plants more than any other environmental factors. Mechanism involved is still not clear. Thyme (Thymus vulgaris L.) is an important medicinal plant in perfume and medical industry. In this research, the effects of water deficit stress on growth, yield, metabolites compatible (prolin) and oil composition of thyme (thymol) were studied. Complete randomized block design with 4 treatments and 4 replications have been used in 2006. Water deficit levels included control (100% field capacity), mild stress (85% field capacity), medium stress (70% field capacity) and severe stress (55% field capacity). The statistical analysis showed that water deficit had significant effect on growth parameters, yield biomass, prolin and thymol. Water stress decreased plant height, number of secondary branches, dry and fresh weight growth and root mass, dry and fresh weight root and length root. In addition, thymol percentage and prolin content increased with severe stress (55% field capacity). Morphological yield with secondary metabolites prolin and thymol were obversed with water deficit changes.
H. Aliabadi Farahani; A. Arbab; B. Abbaszadeh
Volume 24, Issue 1 , May 2008, , Pages 18-30
Abstract
In order to study the effects of super phosphate triple, water deficit stress and Glomus hoi biological fertilizer on some quantity and quality characteristics of Coriander, this experiment was conducted at Iran Research Institute of Forest and Rangelands in 2006. Field experiment was carried out by ...
Read More
In order to study the effects of super phosphate triple, water deficit stress and Glomus hoi biological fertilizer on some quantity and quality characteristics of Coriander, this experiment was conducted at Iran Research Institute of Forest and Rangelands in 2006. Field experiment was carried out by a split factorial design with 4 replications. The factors which studied were 0, 16 and 32 kg ha-1 P2O5 (super phosphate triple) and two levels irrigation, irrigation after 30 mm water evaporation from evaporation pan (without stress conditions), irrigation after 60 mm water evaporation (drought stress conditions) and application and non-application of mycorrhiza (Glomus hoi). The results showed that drought stress has significant effect on biological yield, flowering shoot yield and essential oil yield of flowering shoot, root yield, root length, root diameter, essential oil percentage of flowering shoot (α=1%). Highest biological yield, flowering shoot yield, essential oil yield of flowering shoot, root yield and root diameter were achieved without stress conditions and highest essential oil percent of flowering shoot and root length were achieved under stress conditions. Also phosphorus significant effects on biological yield, flowering shoot yield, essential oil yield of flowering shoot, root yield, essential oil percentage of flowering shoot and root length (α=1%) and root diameter were not significantly affected due to phosphorus. Comparison of means showed that highest biological yield, flowering shoot yield, essential oil yield of flowering shoot, root yield and root length were determined under application of 70 kg ha-1 phosphorus and highest essential oil percentage of flowering shoot were achieved under application of 35 kg ha-1 phosphorus. Mycorrhiza significant effect on biological yield, flowering shoot yield, essential oil yield of flowering shoot, root yield (α=1%) and root length (α=5%) and root diameter and essential oil percent of flowering shoot were not significant. Highest biological yield, flowering shoot yield and essential oil yield of flowering shoot, root yield and root length were achieved under application of mycorrhiza. The result showed that quantity and quality characteristics of Coriander increased by mycorrhiza and decreased application of phosphorus.
N. Rahmani; S.A. Valadabadi; J. Daneshian; M. Bigdeli
Volume 24, Issue 1 , May 2008, , Pages 101-108
Abstract
In order to study the effect of water deficit stress and nitrogen on oil yield of Calendula (Calendula officinalis L.), an experiment was conducted at research field of Islamic Azad University of Takestan branch in 2006. Field experiment was carried out as split plot design with 4 replications. Water ...
Read More
In order to study the effect of water deficit stress and nitrogen on oil yield of Calendula (Calendula officinalis L.), an experiment was conducted at research field of Islamic Azad University of Takestan branch in 2006. Field experiment was carried out as split plot design with 4 replications. Water deficit stress set as main factor with three levels (Irrigation after 40, 80 and 120 mm evaporation from pan class A) and Nitrogen level was 0, 30, 60 and 90 kg ha-1. The results showed that water deficit stress had significant effect on oil yield, seed yield, oil percent, seed weight, seed per capitulum and capitulum diameter (α=1%). Means comparison showed that irrigation with 40 mm evaporation had and the highest oil yield and seed yield with 505.3 kg ha-1 and 3044 kg ha-1 and highest oil percent with 24.15% was achieved under irrigation with 120 mm evaporation. Moreover nitrogen had significant effect on oil yield, seed yield, oil percent, seed weight, seed per capitulum and capitulum diameter (α=1%). Means comparison showed that highest oil yield and seed yield with 377.4 kg ha-1and 1998 kg were achieved under application of 90 kg ha-1 nitrogen and the highest oil percentage with 22.16% was achieved under application of 60 kg ha-1 nitrogen. The results showed that water deficit stress and 60 kg ha-1 nitrogen increased oil percent, while oil yield of calendula decreased in this condition.
