M. Iravani; R. Mahinpour; Z. Zahraei; Z. Toluei
Abstract
Different species of Salvia genus are used in folk medicine for the prevention and treatment of many diseases due to their active and effective compounds. In this research, the chemical composition of aerial parts essential oil (EO) was studied in four Salvia spp. including S. limbata C. A. Mey. (two ...
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Different species of Salvia genus are used in folk medicine for the prevention and treatment of many diseases due to their active and effective compounds. In this research, the chemical composition of aerial parts essential oil (EO) was studied in four Salvia spp. including S. limbata C. A. Mey. (two populations), S. reuterana Boiss. (two populations), S. syriaca L. (one population) and S. ceratophylla L. (one population) collected from different areas of Kashan in Isfahan province at the flowering stage. Extraction and qualitative analysis of EO were performed using the Clevenger apparatus and Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS), respectively. In this study, the EO yield ranged from 0.15 to 0.32 % (w/w). Spathulenol was the major constituent of EO in S. syriaca (16.8%) and S. ceratophylla (27.2%) species. The major compounds of the other two species EO were sclareol in S. reuterana (Maragh (21.2%) and Darreh (11.5%) populations) and β-pinene in S. limbata (Qaza-An (20.4%) and Darreh (13.8%) populations). The quantitative and qualitative EO diversity observed in the studied species and populations can be attributed to different ecological, genetic, geographical, and nutritional factors of their origin. Therefore, for the optimal use of the active constituents of this medicinal plant in pharmaceutical industries, more studies are needed on the different species of this genus in different regions.
F. Askari; M. Mirza; M. Golipour; S. Fekri Qomi
Abstract
The genus Achillea has 19 species of herbaceous, perennial and aromatic plant in Iran. This genus of compositae family has complex characteristics. Chamazolene is a major component of essential oil of inflorescence and leaf, reported to be used in food, cosmetic, and pharmaceutical industries. A. millefolium ...
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The genus Achillea has 19 species of herbaceous, perennial and aromatic plant in Iran. This genus of compositae family has complex characteristics. Chamazolene is a major component of essential oil of inflorescence and leaf, reported to be used in food, cosmetic, and pharmaceutical industries. A. millefolium L. subsp. elbursensis is an endemic subspecies of Iran and no studies have been conducted on the cultivation of this species; therefore a preliminary study was conducted on the cultivation and its effect on secondary metabolites. For this purpose, the seeds of Achillea were collected from Dizine area in October 2016. The seeds of Achillea were cultivated in a greenhouse at the beginning of March and seedlings were transplanted to the farm in late April 2017.At flowering stage in August, aerial parts were collected in two consecutive years to obtain the essential oils. To compare the essential oil of cultivated samples with habitat samples, the aerial parts of Achillea were collected from Dizin at the flowering stage in August 2017. The plant parts including leaf and inflorescence were dried in laboratory and were crushed to particles. The essential oils were obtained by hydrodistillation and were analyzed by GC-FID and GC/MS. The color of A. millefolium essential oils was dark blue. The yields of A. millefolium essential oils of leaf and inflorescence (w/w dried weight) from habitat samples were 0.11% and 0.53%, respectively, and from cultivated samples were 0.28% and 0.50% in 2017 and 0.26% and 1.30% in 2018, respectively. Chamazulene was the major constituent of leaf (5.7%) and inflorescence (52.5%) oils in the habitat samples. The content of this compound in cultivated samples was 50.6% and 67.1% in the first year, and 59.6% and 71.3% in the second year, respectively. Another major constituents were caryophyllene alcohol, caryophyllene oxide, camphor, borneol and b-eudesmol. Chamazulene as major compound of the oil, found in all aerial parts of cultivated samples, while, it was found only in the inflorescence of wild sample.
F. Askari; M. Mirza; M. Najafpour Navaei; Sh. Ahmadi
Abstract
Both Centaurea pterocaula Trautv. and Centaurea urvillei DC. are a type of cornflower. The aim of this study is to determine the chemical composition of essential oils of C. urvillei and C. pterocaula for food, cosmetics-health industry and medicinal uses. The plant parts of C. urvillei and C. pterocaula ...
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Both Centaurea pterocaula Trautv. and Centaurea urvillei DC. are a type of cornflower. The aim of this study is to determine the chemical composition of essential oils of C. urvillei and C. pterocaula for food, cosmetics-health industry and medicinal uses. The plant parts of C. urvillei and C. pterocaula were collected at flowering stage from Urmia (Ghasemloo Valley) and Zanjan in 2010 and 2011. The plant parts including stem, leaf and inflorescence were dried in laboratory and crushed to particles. The essential oils were obtained by hydrodistillation and were analyzed by GC-FID and GC/MS. The essential oil yield of stem plus leaf and inflorescence of Centaurea pterocaula (w/w dried weight) were 0.06% and 0.09%, respectively. The major constituents of stem plus leaf and inflorescence essential oils were germacrene D (20.4% and 5.4%), thymol (10.6% and 3.8%), cyperene (3.5% and 11.5%), spathulenol (7.7% and 4.9%), caryophyllene oxide (6.8% and 13.4%) and E-caryophyllene (4.9% and 8.1%), respectively. The essential oil yield of stem plus leaf and inflorescence of Centaurea urvillei (w/w dried weight) were 0.023% and 0.065%, respectively. The major constituents of stem plus leaf oils were benzyl benzoate (38.7%), caryophyllene oxide (17.9%) and b-eudesmol (19.8%) and the major constituents of inflorescence oil were caryophyllene oxide (25.7%), spathulenol (14.8%) and eudesma-4(15)-7-dien-1-β-ol (21.0%).
M.A. Soltanipoor; S.M. Hesamzadeh Hejazi; P. Jonoubi; M. Mirza
Abstract
Zhumeria majdae Rech. f. & Wendelbo is the medicinal, endemic, and endangered plant, distributed on very sharp slopes of mountains at an altitude of 520 to 1450 meters a.s.l in the south of Iran. This species is used in the treatment of gastrointestinal disorders like diarrhea, bloating, abdominal ...
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Zhumeria majdae Rech. f. & Wendelbo is the medicinal, endemic, and endangered plant, distributed on very sharp slopes of mountains at an altitude of 520 to 1450 meters a.s.l in the south of Iran. This species is used in the treatment of gastrointestinal disorders like diarrhea, bloating, abdominal pain and sour stomach, heartburn, and cold. The mashed fresh leaves are used to improve headaches and wound healing. To study the variation of essential oils of individuals among different populations, the aerial parts of five individuals of Z. majdae were collected at full flowering stage from 11 habitats of Hormozgan province, and then were dried at room temperature. The essential oil was extracted by hydrodistilation method using a Clevenger-type apparatus. The chemical composition of essential oils was analyzed by GC-FID and GC-MS. Results showed that the essential oil yield varied for both different habitats and individuals. The highest and lowest essential oil yields were obtained in the Abmah (5.9%) and Sirmand area (1.9%), respectively. In addition, the highest and lowest essential oil yields were recorded for the second individual from Abmah (7.9%) and the third individual from Sirmand (0.9), respectively. Totally, twenty-five components were identified for the individuals of different habitats. The individuals of a population differed in terms of chemical compositions. Among the existing chemical components in the essential oil of 55 individuals, Linalool (42.4-71.8%), Camphor (17.2-40.9%), Nerol (0.4-5.7%), and Borneol (0.9-4.9%) showed more variation. According to the results of the analysis of chemical data with PCA software, the study individuals of different populations were classified into two groups. A number of 12 individuals, having almost similar values of Linalool and Camphor, were placed in the first group, and the others, whose values of the two major components mentioned above were far from each other, were placed in the second group.
H. Batooli; A. Haghir Ebrahimabadi; B. Mahmodi; A. Mazochi
Abstract
Dorema D. Don. genus belongs to the Umbelliferae family with important medicinal and aromatic species, containing more than 16 species worldwide, of which 6 species have been reported in Iran. In this research, the essential oil composition of vegetative and reproductive organs of Dorema ammoniacum D. ...
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Dorema D. Don. genus belongs to the Umbelliferae family with important medicinal and aromatic species, containing more than 16 species worldwide, of which 6 species have been reported in Iran. In this research, the essential oil composition of vegetative and reproductive organs of Dorema ammoniacum D. Don. obtained from Shahsavaran, Kashan was investigated. This species is endemic to semi-arid regions of Iran and Afghanistan, growing naturally on rocky and alluvial lands. The stem, leaf, fruit and root of this species were collected in spring 2011 and dried in shade (at room temperature). The essential oil was extracted by simultaneous steam distillation and solvent extraction (SDE). The chemical composition of the essential oil was analyzed by using GC and GC-MS. According to the obtained results, 18, 13, 12 and 12 components were identified in the essential oil of dry stem and leaf; fresh stem and leaf; fruits, and roots respectively of which the major components were as follows: (E)-nerolidol (11.7%), E, E-farnezyl acetone (8.9%), phytol (8.9%), di-n-butyl phthalate (6.9%), 2(E)-tridecen-1-al (6.1%) and α-farnesol( 5.5%) in the essential oil of dry stem and leaf; phytol (15.2%), (E)-nerolidol (14.6%), α-farnesol (14%), 2-(E)-tridecenol (12.8%) and tetradecanal (5.6%) in the essential oil of fresh stem and leaf; α-farnesol (41.2%), β-bisabolene (13%), α-bisabolol (6.4%), and (Z)-farnesal (5.5%) in the essential oil of fruits, and β-bisabolene (56.1%), elemicin (12.2%) and tridecanol (6.1%), in the essential oil of roots. Sesquiterpenes constituted the main chemical group in the essential oil obtained from the roots and fruts of Dorema ammoniacum in Shahsavaran, Kashan.
H. Batooli; J. Safaei Ghomi; T. Ahmadi
Abstract
Melia L. genus, belonging to the Meliaceae family, has important tree species.There are more than 15 species of this genus in the world and two species from Iran have been reported so far. In this study, the chemical compositions of the essential oils of reproductive organs of M. azedarach L., cultivated ...
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Melia L. genus, belonging to the Meliaceae family, has important tree species.There are more than 15 species of this genus in the world and two species from Iran have been reported so far. In this study, the chemical compositions of the essential oils of reproductive organs of M. azedarach L., cultivated in Kashan Botanical Garden, were investigated. The flowering branches and ripe fruits of this species were collected in the spring of 2009 and dried in the shade (at room temperature). The essentila oil was extracted by simultaneous steam distillation extraction method. The oil analysis was performed by using GC and GC-MS. The essential oil yield of flowering branches and fruits was calculated to be 0.02% and 0.01% (w/w), respectively.Ten and 35 chemical compositions were identified in the essentila oils of flowering branches and fruits of this species. The main components of the essential oils of flowers were E-nerolidole (39%), bicyclogermacrene (8.2%) and viridiflorol (8.1%). The main components of the essential oils of fruits were aromadendrene (21.9%), bicyclogermacrene (13.7%), globulol (8.1%), spathulenol (6.5%), allo-aromadendrene (4.7%), β-caryophyllene (4.7%). Oxygenated sesquiterpens were identified as main component in the essential oil of flowers, while the major chemical component of the essential oils of fruits were associated with hydrocarbon sesquiterpens, and hydrocarbon monoterpenes were not found in plant reproductive organs.
F. Askari; V. Mozaffarian; E. Parsa
Abstract
Centaurea zuvandica(Sosn.) Sosn.is a perennial species, distributed in North and North-West of Iran. The shoots of C. zuvandica were collected at flowering stage from Firoozkoh, Ghaemshahr and Chaloos Road, in late June 2011. The plant parts were dried at ambient temperature and milled to small ...
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Centaurea zuvandica(Sosn.) Sosn.is a perennial species, distributed in North and North-West of Iran. The shoots of C. zuvandica were collected at flowering stage from Firoozkoh, Ghaemshahr and Chaloos Road, in late June 2011. The plant parts were dried at ambient temperature and milled to small particles. The essential oils of stem as well as leaves and inflorescences were obtained by hydrodistillation and were analyzed by GC and GC/MS. Essential oil yield of different organs varied (w/w dried weight) between 0.02% to 0.07%. The major constituents were: spathulenol (>28.8%), thymol (>21.7%), caryophyllene oxide (>20.9%), linalool (>19.5%), germacrene D (>16.3%) and carvacrol (>6.8%). According to the obtained results, a high variability was found for the major essential oil constituents among three studied localities and even among different organs of a locality. The major constituent in the stem and leaf oils, collected from Chaloos Road and Firoozkoh localities, was thymol (17.8% and 21.7%). Linalool (19.5% and 9.7%) was the major constituent in inflorescence oils, collected from Chaloos Road and Firoozkoh localities. For the samples collected from Ghaemshahr, caryophyllene oxide (20.9%) was identified as the major constituent in stem and leaf oil.
A. Kheiry; F. Sefidkon; M. Delshad; M.R. Fattahi Moghaddam; A. Izadi
Abstract
Achillea millefolium L. from Asteraceae family is considered as an important medicinal plant in the world and also in our country which has considerable secondary metabolites, especially essential oils. Active substances of this plant are used not only in old and modern medicine but also in hygienic, ...
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Achillea millefolium L. from Asteraceae family is considered as an important medicinal plant in the world and also in our country which has considerable secondary metabolites, especially essential oils. Active substances of this plant are used not only in old and modern medicine but also in hygienic, cosmetic and medical industry. In this research, we studied yield and chemical composition of yarrow essential oils from 15 different ecological regions of Iran. For essential oils isolation, the aerial parts of the plant were collected from habitats, in June and July 2009 at full flowering stage. Samples were dried at room temperature and the essential oils were prepared by hydrodistillation method.The oil yields were calculated on dry weight basis and the analysis of the essential oils was carried out by GC and GC-MS. The results showed that total content of essential oils was variable from 0.32 - 0.72% in different populations. The color of the essential oils varied from pale yellow to dark blue and a close relation was found between composition and color of the essential oils. According to the results, essential oil of Achillea millefolium L. in populations of Iran showed a great diversity with regard to the type of the chemical compositions (high chemical polymorphism). Regarding the major components of the oils, seven chemotypes were identified as follows: 1) 1,8-cineole, 2) p-Cymene, 3) cubenol, 4) chamazulene, 5) chrysanthenone + camphor, 6) Lavandulyl acetate + camphor, and 7) camphor + Limonene.
M. Najafpour Navaei; M. Mirza
Volume 23, Issue 1 , May 2007, , Pages 128-133
Abstract
Dracocephalum kotschyi Boiss. is an aromatic and medicinal plant which grows in high and mountainous parts of Iran. It is a considerable plant for its high amount of essential oil. The aim of this study is comparing the essential oil of cultivated plant with its natural samples. The aerial parts of wild ...
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Dracocephalum kotschyi Boiss. is an aromatic and medicinal plant which grows in high and mountainous parts of Iran. It is a considerable plant for its high amount of essential oil. The aim of this study is comparing the essential oil of cultivated plant with its natural samples. The aerial parts of wild sample were collected from Jeirod of Tehran province and cultivated sample gathered from field in Research Institute of Forest and Rangelands. Essential oils isolated by hydro-distillation and analyzed by a combination of capillary GC and GC/MS. The results showed that there are some similarities in the cultivated and wild samples. In the oil of wild sample limonene (29.1%), methyl geranate (17.7%), geranial (15.8%) and neral (11.9%) were the major components. In the oil of cultivated sample myrthenol (30.1%), limonene(23.6%), geranial (14.3%) and neral (9.3%) were the main components.
M. Mirza; M. Najafpour Navaei; M. Dini
Volume 19, Issue 3 , October 2003, , Pages 227-232
Abstract
Centaurea behen L. is a member of compositae, distributed in different region of Iran , and used as a medicinal plant. Hydro-distilled volatile oil from the aerial parts of this plant was obtained at yield of 0.5% w/w based on dry weight of plant. Centaurea ...
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Centaurea behen L. is a member of compositae, distributed in different region of Iran , and used as a medicinal plant. Hydro-distilled volatile oil from the aerial parts of this plant was obtained at yield of 0.5% w/w based on dry weight of plant. Centaurea behen was collected from Tehran province (Bomehen) and the oil was analysed by a combination of GC and GC/MS methods. Twenty-one compounds were identified that constitute 91% of the oil. The main constituents of the essential oil were β-caryophyllene (40.3%) , β-sesquiphellandrene (18.4%), and caryophyllene oxide (9.9%) . The structure of a guaianolide and lactones previously. reported from this plant by Rustaiyan
K. Jaimand; M.B. Rezaee; F. Askari
Volume 18, Issue 1 , February 2003, , Pages 11-22
Abstract
The genus of mentha is one of the most important of medicinal plant which is used in pharmaceutical and food industries . In this research our aim is study on methods of extraction and its effects on content and constituents of essential oils from Mentha x piperita L. Samples were collected ...
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The genus of mentha is one of the most important of medicinal plant which is used in pharmaceutical and food industries . In this research our aim is study on methods of extraction and its effects on content and constituents of essential oils from Mentha x piperita L. Samples were collected from Alborz research center (Medicinal plant research farm , in Karadj city), and then only leaves seperated and dried on laboratory condition , and essential oils extracted by different apparatus of steam distillation method (apparatus planed by Jaimand – Rezaee, plan –1 and plan –2 ) essential oils content were 0.16% and 0.22% yield respectively. The essential oils samples analyzed by GC and GC/MS . the major constituents in plan-1 were : isomenthol 41.5% , isomenthone 17.5% , (E)-b-ocimene 7.8% and carvacrol 7.8%, and in plan –2 were isomenthone 28.6% , carvacrol 13.8% , (E) - b -ocimene 8.4% and pulegone 7.4% . Now you can observed type of apparatus for extraction, can be one of the factors on quantitative isolation in essential oils.
