M. Negahban; S. Moharramipour; M. Zandi; S.A. Hashemi
Abstract
Recent research has focused on insecticidal property of essential oil plants in biological control of insects. Controlled release by nanoencapsulated essential oil seems to be the best choice for increasing the efficiency and minimization of environmental damage. In this work, efficiency of nanoencapsulated ...
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Recent research has focused on insecticidal property of essential oil plants in biological control of insects. Controlled release by nanoencapsulated essential oil seems to be the best choice for increasing the efficiency and minimization of environmental damage. In this work, efficiency of nanoencapsulated essential oil of Artemisia sieberi Besser was tested on repellent activity of Plutella xylostella L.. Several concentrations were prepared and then third instars larvae were introduced into each treatment. Then, repellent activity was determined after 1, 3, 6, 12 and 24 h from commencement of exposure. Results showed that at 1.9 ppm the nanocapule of Artemisia oil was shown here to possess more repellent activity (80%) to P. xylustella compered to Artemisia oil (62%) before formulation after 24h. The repellent activity varied with application method and concentrations and exposure time. The results showed higher repellent rates in nanocapsule than in essential oil due to controlled-release formulations allowing smaller quantities of essential oil to be used more effectively over a given time interval. The reasons for nanocapsulating the essential oil have been to improve its stability to reduce side effects or to reduce dosing frequency and total dosing amount, to obtain better repellent activity, and for sustained (long-lasting) release. Therefore the nanocapsulation of A. sibeiri might provide a new method for the management of P. xylostella.
A. Assarzadeh; H. Azarnivand; F. Sefidkon; H. Arzani; M.A. Zare-Chahooki
Abstract
The essential oil yield and chemical composition of the aerial parts of Artemisia sieberi Besser were investigated in two sites of grazed and ungrazed rangelands. Plant sampling was performed from 2 sites in Ahmadabad, located in Semnan province at the beginning of flowering stage in October 2010. The ...
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The essential oil yield and chemical composition of the aerial parts of Artemisia sieberi Besser were investigated in two sites of grazed and ungrazed rangelands. Plant sampling was performed from 2 sites in Ahmadabad, located in Semnan province at the beginning of flowering stage in October 2010. The samples of inflorescences of plants were collected from 5 random points of each site. Then, air-dried parts of the plants were subjected to hydrodistillation using a Clevenger-type apparatus. Analysis and identification of chemical composition of the essential oils were performed by GC and GC/MS. There was no significant difference between the oil yields of Artemisia sieberi in 2 investigated sites. In ungrazed and grazed sites, the main components of essential oils were respectively, Camphor (48/03%), 1,8-Cineole (15/96%), Camphene (10/32%) and Camphor (51/82%), Camphene (10/86%), 1,8-Cineole (9/52%). According to the results, significant differences were recorded for Thuja-2,4(10)-diene (p<0.05) and α –Terpineol (p<0.01) between two studied sites. No significant differences were observed for the percentage of other componenets between 2 investigated sites. Also, comparison of the economic value of oil in one hectare with total area of the grazed and ungrazed rangelands showed that garzing caused a reduction in economic efficiency of oil.
A. Dalimi; M. Arbabi; R. Naserifar
Abstract
Cutaneous leishmaniasis is an endemic infectious disease known as a major health problem in many countries including Iran. Due to the lack of an effective vaccine, the disease is increasing in most parts of the world. Pentavalent antimony compounds as the first line drug against leishmaniasis has numerous ...
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Cutaneous leishmaniasis is an endemic infectious disease known as a major health problem in many countries including Iran. Due to the lack of an effective vaccine, the disease is increasing in most parts of the world. Pentavalent antimony compounds as the first line drug against leishmaniasis has numerous side effects. Consequently, the need to introduce new, inexpensive and available drugs with fewer side effects to replace existing chemical compounds is fully felt. Herbal drugs could be a good alternative. In the present work, the effects of two native plants namely Artemisia sieberi Besser and Scrophularia striata Boiss. against Leishmania major were investigated under in vitro conditions. For this purpose, different concentrations of aqueous extracts of Artemisia and Scrophularia were investigated on the growth of promastigotes of Leishmania under in vitro conditions as well as growth of amastigote of Leishmania in mice macrophages. The results indicated that promastigotes in RPMI culture were killed completely under concentrations of 20% and 25% of Artemisia in the first day of the experiment; while the parasites were killed by Scrophularia at the concentration of 25% within three days. Reduction of the parasite growth in RPMI culture under three concentrations of Artemisia was significantly higher than that of Scrophularia. Concentrations of 20% of Artemisia in the second day and 25% of Scrophularia in the third day led to the complete elimination of amastigote of L. major in macrophages.
