Biotechnology
N. Nematshahi; P. Abrishamchi; T. Radjabian; S.A. Salami
Abstract
Salvia leriifolia Benth. is one of the native Iranian medicinal plants which has been received attention in recent years due to its numerous therapeutic properties. The pharmaceutical properties of this species have been attributed to the presence of phenolic compounds, especially phenolic acids. The ...
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Salvia leriifolia Benth. is one of the native Iranian medicinal plants which has been received attention in recent years due to its numerous therapeutic properties. The pharmaceutical properties of this species have been attributed to the presence of phenolic compounds, especially phenolic acids. The present study investigated the effect of plant age (phenology) on the gene expression and activity of phenolic acid-biosynthetic enzymes. Plant seeds were collected from Torbat-e-Heydariyeh (Khorasan Razavi province, Iran) and planted under greenhouse conditions. Leaves were sampled at 8-, 16- and 24-leaf stages of the growth period. Total contents of phenols, flavonoids, and phenolic acids were measured using spectrophotometry, and the phenolic acid profile was determined by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). The activities of phenylalanine ammonia-lyase (PAL) and tyrosine aminotransferase (TAT) were measured by spectrophotometry, and the activity of rosmarinic acid synthase (RAS) was evaluated by HPLC. The relative expression of the corresponding genes was quantified by RT-PCR. The results showed that the content of all phenolic compounds and the activities of TAT and RAS enzymes/genes increased significantly (p < /em>≤0.05) with increasing plant age. At the 24-leaf stage, the total content of phenols, flavonoids, and phenolic acids were 3.47-, 2.80-, and 7.78-fold of those measured at the 8-leaf stage, respectively. The concentration of rosmarinic acid and caffeic acid (0.69 and 0.36 mg/g DW at the 8-leaf stage, respectively) increased by 3.41- and 4.05-fold during the vegetative growth, respectively. Lithospermic acid and salvianolic acids had a smaller share of total phenolic acids (0.01-0.06 mg/g DW at the 8-leaf stage), and their contents increased 2- to 10-fold with increasing plant age. Also, a strong positive correlation was observed between plant age and phenolic acid accumulation and between plant age and the activity and gene expression of TAT and RAS. TAT enzyme might play the main role in the biosynthesis of rosmarinic acid compared to PAL.
M. Dashti; M. Mirza; M. Kafi; H. Tavakkoli
Abstract
The effects of water deficit on yield, essential oil contents and composition of Noroozak (Salvia leriifolia Benth.) were investigated at Khorasan-e-Razavi Agricultural and Natural Resources Research Center, Mashhad-Iran. The treatments were deficit irrigation based on actual evapotranspiration (ETc) ...
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The effects of water deficit on yield, essential oil contents and composition of Noroozak (Salvia leriifolia Benth.) were investigated at Khorasan-e-Razavi Agricultural and Natural Resources Research Center, Mashhad-Iran. The treatments were deficit irrigation based on actual evapotranspiration (ETc) at the rate of 100% (fully irrigated), 66.6% (moderate stress), 33.3% (severe stress) and non-irrigated (control). The experiment was analyzed in a randomized complete block design with three replications. Results indicated that the essential oil percentage of green leaves and flowering stem in severe stress and control was significantly (P≤0.05) higher than that of fully irrigated treatment. The highest and lowest dry matter yields were obtained in fully irrigated and control treatments, respectively. Severe deficit (P≤0.05) decreased the essential oil yield significantly but it was not affected in moderate stress. Results also showed that 1, 8-cineol, β-pinene and borneol were the main essential oil constituents in all water deficit treatments, included nearly 50% of total essential oil contents. The above essential oil constituents in control treatment increased by 21.1%, 7% and 15.3% in green leaves and 39%, 12% and 55% in flowering stems in comparison with fully irrigated treatment. However cedren-13-ol and δ-cadinene decreased by 58.5% and 46% in green leaves and 52% and 14% in flowering stems, respectively.
M. Yousefi; V. Nazeri; M. Mirza
Abstract
In this study, 12 populations of Salvia leriifolia Benth. were collected to investigate the effects of environmental factors on the quantity and quality of essential oil. Oil was extracted using hydrodistillation based on the British Pharmacopoeia method. Chemical compositions of essential oils were ...
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In this study, 12 populations of Salvia leriifolia Benth. were collected to investigate the effects of environmental factors on the quantity and quality of essential oil. Oil was extracted using hydrodistillation based on the British Pharmacopoeia method. Chemical compositions of essential oils were detected using the GC-FID and GC-MS techniques. The influence of environmental factors on essential oil and chemical composition was analyzed using canonical correlation by SAS v. 9.1. Results showed that the average yield of essential oil were between 0.69-1.5% (v/w) for Tabas Sabzevar and Bajestan, respectively. Twenty-two compounds were identified, among which the concentration of juniper camphor (12.0-39.9%), 1,8-cineole (3.6-21%), β-pinene (8.7-18.1%) and α-pinene (4.4-10%) was high. Canonical correlation analysis among eight morphological traits and nine chemical properties revealed that the first six canonical variables had a significant canonical correlation. Canonical correlation coefficients of the first variable showed that high levels of α-pinene and β-pinene and low percentage of δ-cadinole had a direct and positive relationship with low amounts of soil calcium and potassium. In other words, the cultivation of S. leriifolia in soils rich in calcium and potassium increases δ-cadinole and α-pinene content and decreases β-pinene content in the essential oil.
A. Monfared
Abstract
In order to gain knowledge on behavior of plant species in environments contaminated to mineral elements, the shoots of three wild species including Eremostachys macrophylla Monthbr & Auch, Salvia leriifolia Benth. , and Teucrium polium L., from Labiateae family were collected ...
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In order to gain knowledge on behavior of plant species in environments contaminated to mineral elements, the shoots of three wild species including Eremostachys macrophylla Monthbr & Auch, Salvia leriifolia Benth. , and Teucrium polium L., from Labiateae family were collected from the city of Kashmar and their essential oil was extracted by hydro distillation method and analyzed by GC/MS. In the oil of Eremostachys macrophyla, 21 compounds were identified, forming 92% of total oil. The major compound was α-pinene (60.1%). In the essential oil of Salvia leriifolia, 12 compounds (97% of total oil) were identified. Artemisia ketone (62.9%) and cubenol (9.4%) were identified as the major compounds. Fourteen compounds (98.8% of total oil) were identified in the oil of Teucrium polium including 1,8-cineole (21.7%), cis-chrysanthenol (13.8%), chrysanthenone (13.6%) and 3-thujopsanone (11.7%), as the major compounds. The comparison of oil percentage and also compounds showed that Eremostachys behaved differently compared to other two genera. With regard to the same collection area, three different genera from one family with different absorption ability in terms of some of the elements in the soil and also changes in secondary metabolites (in the biosynthetic pathway), it was expected that quite different results would be obtained but in this study, the two mentioned genera showed relatively similar behavior to the environment.
M. Yousefi; V. Nazeri; M. Mirza
Abstract
Salvia leriifolia Benth. is one of the valuable medicinal plants of Lamiaceae. In order to evaluate genetic diversity among natural populations of Salvia leriifolia, 12 natural populations were chosen from South Khorasan, Razavi Khorasan and Semnan provinces. To study and evaluate 33 vegetative and reproductive ...
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Salvia leriifolia Benth. is one of the valuable medicinal plants of Lamiaceae. In order to evaluate genetic diversity among natural populations of Salvia leriifolia, 12 natural populations were chosen from South Khorasan, Razavi Khorasan and Semnan provinces. To study and evaluate 33 vegetative and reproductive morphological traits with five replications, 15 complete plants were collected from each locality at flowering and seeding stages. Flowering stems were used in order to extract the essential oil. Mean comparisons of data was performed by Duncan's multiple range test at 5% level of probability using SAS software. The populations were clustered by Ward method using SPSS software. Results showed that this plant grew well in a height of 1000-1533 above sea level, with an average temperature of 15-23ºcm and a precipitation of 80-194 mm in year. The most important morphological traits such as plant height, leaf length and width, were in the range of 18.9-35.8, 6.59-15.29 and 18.2- 29.7 cm, respectively. Maximum and minimum essential oil yield with 1.37 and 0.69 percent were obtained for Najmabad and Tabas Sabzevar, respectively. Populations of Salvia leriifolia were classified into three groups based upon collection locations. Results showed that "Najmabad" and "Bejestan" populations could be recommended for breeding and domestication programs because of appropriate morphological traits and abundant essential oil yield. Meanwhile, conservation of these populations is highly recommended.
F.S. Serry; A. Ghamari-Zare; Sh. Shahrzaad; M.A. NaderiShahab; S. Kalate-jary
Abstract
Salvia leriifolia Benth. (Noruozak) is a perennial plant which belongs to the Lamiaceae family. This herb has a great importance in the sense of pharmaceutical applications. In the nature, seeds of Salvia leriifolia hardly germinate endangering its survival. In this work, in addition of studying the ...
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Salvia leriifolia Benth. (Noruozak) is a perennial plant which belongs to the Lamiaceae family. This herb has a great importance in the sense of pharmaceutical applications. In the nature, seeds of Salvia leriifolia hardly germinate endangering its survival. In this work, in addition of studying the causes of low germination rate, different physic-chemical treatments such as scratching on seed coat, scratch seeds under running water, intact seeds under running water, coatless seeds, treating intact seed with 98% sulphuric acid for 10 and 15 minutes were investigated. Seeds were collected from Abkhandari station in Sabzevar city in 2009. For sterilization, the solution of HgCl2 0.1% w/v was applied for seeds in all of treatments. Also four temperature treatments of 4, 20, 25C° and keeping at 4C° for a week then transferring to 25C° on germination of seeds were considered. There was no seed germination happened in control, mechanical scratching, running water and sulphuric acid treatments. The coatless seeds treatment and incubation at 4C° for a week and then transferring to 25C° has the most effect on seeds germination, with 100% seed germination. According to the results, removing the hard and impermeable seed coat of Salvia leriifolia as a physical prevention and low temperature as a physiological factor were identified as effective method in germination of the mentioned species.
