Agriculture and horticulture
S. Aghighi; Gh. Mohammadi-Nejad; Sh. Khandani
Abstract
Fusarium wilt disease is the most important disease of cumin (Cuminum cyminum L.) and causes great damage to it every year. The present study was conducted to evaluate the response of 13 cumin genotypes to Fusarium wilt disease as a factorial experiment in a completely randomized design (genotype as ...
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Fusarium wilt disease is the most important disease of cumin (Cuminum cyminum L.) and causes great damage to it every year. The present study was conducted to evaluate the response of 13 cumin genotypes to Fusarium wilt disease as a factorial experiment in a completely randomized design (genotype as the first factor and absence and presence of the pathogen as the second one) with three replications in the greenhouse of Research and Technology Institute of Plant Production, Shahid Bahonar University of Kerman during growing season of 2020-2021. The results showed that the interaction of genotype and treatment was statistically significant on most of the traits. The highest traits correlation was observed between plant dry weight and number of umbrellas per plant (0.92) under the absence of pathogen conditions and between plant height and number of seeds per plant (0.76) under the presence of pathogen conditions. Cluster analysis (Ward method) regarding the studied traits divided the genotypes into three groups under the absence of pathogen conditions and two groups under the presence of pathogen. Principal component analysis showed that the first two components could explain 80.13% (absence of pathogen) and 84.55% (presence of pathogen) of the variations. Also, biplot analysis showed high diversity of the genotypes as well as confirming the clustering results. The genotype E7r1b1 had the highest plant mortality ratio (100%) under the presence of pathogen. Under the absence of pathogen, the genotype g8r2b2 had the highest yield (0.20 g) and number (75.66) of seeds per plant. Yield and number of seeds per plant decreased significantly under the presence of pathogen. The highest seed yield (0.14 g) under the presence of pathogen was observed in the genotype 2-14-3. Based on the studied traits, the genotypes g5r2B1 and F12r1b1 had the lowest potential compared to the others under the both conditions. In general, the genotypes reacted differently under the absence and presence of pathogen conditions. The genotypes that revealed tolerance to the disease conditions could be introduced as sources of tolerance in further breeding programs.
H. Vosoughi Tabar; S.A. Hosseini Tafreshi; H. Dehghanzadeh
Abstract
In order to investigate the effects of Azotobacter on growth indices, yield and essential oil content of two cumin (Cuminum cyminum L.) landraces under salinity conditions, an experiment was carried out in a factorial design arranged as randomized complete block design with three replications in ...
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In order to investigate the effects of Azotobacter on growth indices, yield and essential oil content of two cumin (Cuminum cyminum L.) landraces under salinity conditions, an experiment was carried out in a factorial design arranged as randomized complete block design with three replications in 2015 at the Kashan University. The treatments included two cumin landraces (Ardestān and Mashhad Ardehal), four salinity levels (control, 100, 150 and 200 mili molar Nacl) and two levels of azotobacter (control and seed inoculation). Results showed that salinity and inoculation with bacteria had a very significant effect on germination rate and percentage, radicle length and plumule height. Increased concentrations up to 200 Mm sodium chloride resulted in a significant reduction in germination percentage and germination rate, radicle length, plumule height, grain yield and essential oil yield. According to the results, in both landraces and at all salinity levels, inoculation with bacteria, resulted in a significant increase in chlorophyll a, b, catalase, ascorbate peroxidase, grain yield and essential oil yield compared to the control. The Ardestān landrace had the highest chlorophyll a and b, catalase, ascorbate peroxidase and essential oil content and tolerated salinity better compared to the Ardehal Mashhad landrace. In salinity conditions, inoculation of seeds with Azotobacter could reduce the negative effects of stress and improve the germination rate, seed yield and essential oil yield. The results of this experiment indicated that Ardestān landrace could be cultivated and used to reduce the effects of salinity due to the inoculation with Azotobacter, and higher grain yield and essential oil yield could be obtained under conditions similar to this experiment.
A. Mohammadi; M. Amini Dehaghi; M.H. Fotokian
Abstract
In order to study the application of humic acid and different irrigation regimes on quantitative and qualitative characteristics of three accession of cumin (Cuminum cyminum L.), an experiment was conducted at the Research Farm of Medicinal Plants, Faculty of Agriculture, Shahed University in 2016. This ...
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In order to study the application of humic acid and different irrigation regimes on quantitative and qualitative characteristics of three accession of cumin (Cuminum cyminum L.), an experiment was conducted at the Research Farm of Medicinal Plants, Faculty of Agriculture, Shahed University in 2016. This experiment was a factorial split plot based on randomized complete block design with three replications. Experimental factors included three irrigation regimes (full irrigation, irrigation after flowering stage and irrigation after grain filling stage), foliar application of humic acid with two levels (0 and 200 mg/lit) and three cumin accessions (Esfahan, Kashan and Sabzevar). The results of analysis of variance showed that the interaction effect of irrigation regime*humic acid*accession had significant effect on single plant dry weight, grain yield, harvest index, chlorophyll a and total. The results showed that the highest single plant dry weight and grain yield were obtained in complete irrigation and humic acid application. Kashan accession had the highest branch number per plant, dry weight per plant, number of seeds per umbrella, grain yield and biological yield. The highest percentage of essential oil yield was observed in Sabzevar accession. The highest grain yield (533.3 kg/ha) was obtained in complete irrigation with the use of humic acid in Kashan accession. The highest average dry matter yield (230 kg/ha) was obtained in complete irrigation with the use of humic acid for Sabzevar accession. The highest amount of chlorophyll a and total was observed in irrigation after flowering stage and lack of application of humic acid in Sabzevar accession. The application of humic acid was not significant on the traits evaluated. The most efficiency of humic acid was obtained in full irrigation. According to the results of this experiment, it can be stated that full irrigation and application of humic acid can increase the yield of Kashan accession in similar experimental conditions.
B. Moien Vaziri; Gh. Khajoei-Nejad; M. Sarcheshmehpour
Abstract
The present study investigates the effects of some mycorrhizal fungi with different fertilizer treatments on vegetative characteristics and Cuminum cyminum L. yield components. For this purpose, first experiments were carried out on rhizosphere soil of several plants of Apiaceae family (Bunium persicum, ...
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The present study investigates the effects of some mycorrhizal fungi with different fertilizer treatments on vegetative characteristics and Cuminum cyminum L. yield components. For this purpose, first experiments were carried out on rhizosphere soil of several plants of Apiaceae family (Bunium persicum, Cuminum cyminum and Coriandrum sativum), and according to the results, the superior isolate (isolate of Coriandrum sativum 3), which had the highest percentage of colonization, was selected for mass production of inoculum of mycorrhizal fungi. Then, the main experiment was performed on Cuminum cyminum in a factorial arrangement based on completely randomized design.Treatments including control and different levels of fertilization at two levels without inoculation and inoculation with mycorrhiza were accomplished in greenhouse with four replications. The results of data analysis indicated that the traits related to the shoot (stem height and diameter, fresh and dry weight, number of branches, number of flowers per plant), root traits (root volume and length), and the percentage of colonization were significantly (at 1% probability) affected by the combined use of mycorrhiza with chemical fertilizer, leading to improved vegetative properties and yield components in Cuminum cyminum. Combined consumption of mycorrhiza and fertilizer except micro elements (T5) in all traits was the best treatment. No significant difference was observed between fertilizer treatments and control treatment; however, with the presence of mycorrhizal fungi, the difference was significant among the traits studied.
F. Ghasemi; A. Baghizadeh; Gh. Mohammadinejad; H.R. Kavoosi
Abstract
The selection indices is one of the most effective methods for improving complex traits such as yield. In the current study, 50 genotypes of cumin (Cuminum cyminum L.) were evaluated to assess the efficiency of different selection indices. The experiment was conducted in a randomized complete block design ...
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The selection indices is one of the most effective methods for improving complex traits such as yield. In the current study, 50 genotypes of cumin (Cuminum cyminum L.) were evaluated to assess the efficiency of different selection indices. The experiment was conducted in a randomized complete block design whit three replications in the Research Farm of Shahid Bahonar University, Kerman, Iran in 2011-2012. The Smith-Hazel and Pesek-Baker indices were evaluated based on seven traits including plant height, number of branches, number of umbels/plant, number of umbelets/plant, number of seeds/plant, seed yield/plant and shoot weight (with and without seed). The results of response to selection and relative selection efficiency indicated that the genotypes with higher number of seeds and branches/plant and lower plant height had the highest yield potential. In the Smith-Hazel index, number of branches and umbelets/plant had the highest response to selection, while in the Pesek-Baker index, the number of umbels/plant had the highest response to selection. Our results indicated that the Smith-Hazel index had the most selection efficiency and could be used in cumin breeding programs.
S. Gholami Ganjeh; A. Salehi
Abstract
Bio-fertilizers are one of the most useful resources to improve the soil quality and increased yield in different plants. In order to study the effect of different levels of vermicompost and mycorrhizal fungi on essential oil content and uptake of some elements in cumin (Cuminum cyminum L.), a factorial ...
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Bio-fertilizers are one of the most useful resources to improve the soil quality and increased yield in different plants. In order to study the effect of different levels of vermicompost and mycorrhizal fungi on essential oil content and uptake of some elements in cumin (Cuminum cyminum L.), a factorial experiment based on randomized complete blocks design with twelve treatments and three replications was conducted at the Agricultural Research Station, Faculty of Agriculture, Yasouj University, during 2012-2013. Experimental treatments consisted of three levels of vermicompost (0, 5 and 10 tons per hectare), and four levels of mycorrhizal fungi (no application, application of Glomus mossae, application of Glomus intraradices and both species) in the soil. Results indicated that the most content of essential oil was obtained from the application of 10 tons vermicompost and Glomus intraradices (3.13%). In addition, the highest content of grain phosphorus (0.26%) and grain nitrogen (1.43%) belonged to the treatment of 10 tons vermicompost and combined application of Glomus mossae and Glomus intraradices. The highest yield of essential oil was obtained from 10 tons vermicompost and application of Glomus mossae. Overall, the results of this experiment showed that using of vermicompost and mycorrhiza can improve the content and yield of essential oil and uptake of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium in cumin.
Gh.H. Talaei; M. Amini Dehaghi
Abstract
In order to study the effects of biological and chemical fertilizers on yield and yield components of cumin (Cuminum cyminum L.), an experiment was conducted in Shahed University in 2011.The factors included biological phosphorus at two levels (inoculated and non-inoculated), chemical phosphorus at three ...
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In order to study the effects of biological and chemical fertilizers on yield and yield components of cumin (Cuminum cyminum L.), an experiment was conducted in Shahed University in 2011.The factors included biological phosphorus at two levels (inoculated and non-inoculated), chemical phosphorus at three levels (0, 40, 80 kg.ha-1 P2O5 from triple super phosphate), biological nitrogen with trade name Nitroxin (inoculated and non- inoculated), and chemical nitrogen at three levels (0, 25, 50 kg.ha-1 N from urea). Experimental treatments were arranged in a RCBD in a factorial arrangement with three replications. In this experiment, number of umbels per plant, number of seeds per umbel, 1000 seeds weight, plant height, seed yield, biological yield, harvest index (HI), essential oil percentage and essential oil yield were measured. According to the obtained results, significant differences were found among fertilizer treatments for number of umbels per plant, number of seeds per umbel, biological yield, seed yield, harvest index (HI), and essential oil yield (p<0.01). Results showed that the maximum number of umbels per plant (29.73 number), number of seeds per umbel (11.1 number), biological yield (245 g.m-2), seed yield (101.3 g.m-2), harvest index (47.22%) and essential oil yield (2.96 g.m-2) were obtained by applying 40 kg/ha-1 triple super phosphate, biological phosphorus, 25 kg.ha-1 N and biological nitrogen. The minimum values were recorded for control group.
N. Fazel; H. esmaeili; N. Shamaeian Razavi
Abstract
Post Partum Hemorrhage (PPH) is one of the causes of maternal morbidity and mortality. WHO reports that about 80 percent of the world's population rely on medicinal plants and the use of plant products is more common in women. Since the side effects of medicinal plants on PPH are not clear, this Clinical ...
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Post Partum Hemorrhage (PPH) is one of the causes of maternal morbidity and mortality. WHO reports that about 80 percent of the world's population rely on medicinal plants and the use of plant products is more common in women. Since the side effects of medicinal plants on PPH are not clear, this Clinical Trial was carried out to investigate the effects of cumin (Cuminum cyminum L.) oil on post partum hemorrhage after cesarean. The research involved 124 women (66 participant in cumin oil group and 58 participants in placebo group) who underwent cesarean. Cumin oil and placebo were administered in three doses with 20 minutes intervals after stopping I.V. Patient’s pads were weighted before intervention and three hours after first dose of medications. Chi-square, T-student, and logistic regression tests were used to analyze the results. According to the results, Height of Fundus (HOF), hematocrite level, and amount of bleeding showed no statistically significant difference before and after intervention (p=0.15, p=0.45, and p=0.75, respectively). Results of this study showed that cumin oil had no statistically significant effect on PPH; thus, public opinion cannot be confirmed based on increased blood loss and this result needs to be supported by more studies.
M. Ghannadnia; R. Haddad; F. Zarinkamar; M. Sharifi
Abstract
In this study, limonene synthase (Ls) gene expression was investigated with SQ-RT-PCR method in organs and also during some developmental stages of cumin (Cuminum cyminum L.) native to Iran. After culture and sampling of roots, shoots and leaves (one stage of each) and flowers (four stages of developmental ...
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In this study, limonene synthase (Ls) gene expression was investigated with SQ-RT-PCR method in organs and also during some developmental stages of cumin (Cuminum cyminum L.) native to Iran. After culture and sampling of roots, shoots and leaves (one stage of each) and flowers (four stages of developmental phases), results revealed that this gene was expressed in very small (<2mm) and small (3-4mm) flowers in size and shoot vegetative tissue, while it was not expressed in roots, leaves, medium (4-5mm) and larger flowers. Maximum gene expression of limonene synthase was observed in shoot, very small and small flowers, respectively. During developmental stages of the flowers, LS gene expression was highest in the youngest stage, but this was gradually declined and ceased at later developmental stages. Results revealed that this gene was expressed during different growth and developmental phases from two leaves to flowering of intact plants, with an increase during generative phase that confirmed synchronize gene expression on both vegetative and reproductive organs. Partial sequencing of limonene synthase gene revealed that cumin is 58%-64% identical to that of some other plants. Anatomical studies indicated that essential oil ducts were located on the fruit tissue. The overall results of the present research showed high expression of LS gene in young reproductive organs, while the high level of expression in shoot vegetative tissue and during whole period of plant life cycle was a remarkable point.
S.A.R. Valadabadi; H. Aliabadi Farahani; P. Moaveni
Abstract
In order to evaluate the beneficial impacts of nitrogen application on cumin species (Cuminum cyminum L.) some yield characters were investigated. The aim of this study were to investigate the interactive effects of different cumin spices and nitrogen application on essential oil content at Qazvin zone ...
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In order to evaluate the beneficial impacts of nitrogen application on cumin species (Cuminum cyminum L.) some yield characters were investigated. The aim of this study were to investigate the interactive effects of different cumin spices and nitrogen application on essential oil content at Qazvin zone (Ishmael Abad station). The experimental design was split plot method based on randomized complete block with four replicates. Certain factors including cumin species (Sabzevar, Bojnourd and Esfarayen localities) and nitrogen application (30, 60, 90 and 120 kg N ha-1) were studied. Our final statistical analysis were indicated that cumin species had significant effect on plant values and highest essential oil yield, essential oil percentage, seed yield, thousand seed weight and harvest index were provided by species of Esfarayen locality and highest biological yield were provided by species of Bojnourd locality. Nitrogen treatment significantly increased plant values and although the highest biological yield, seed yield and thousand seed weight were obtained under 120 kg N ha-1 the highest essential oil yield, essential oil percentage and harvest index were achieved under 90, 60 and 30 kg N ha-1,respectively. The results of this study showed that the selection of species which performed well over a wide range of environment could increase quantity and quality yields of medicinal and aromatic plants and causes optimal usage in agricultural fertilizers.
B. Mirshekari; H. Asadi Rahmani; A. Mirmozafari Rodsari
Abstract
In order to study the effects of seed inoculation with Azospirillum strains and coating with microelements on seed and essential oil yield of cumin (Cuminum cyminum L.) an experiment was conducted at research field of agricultural faculty of Islamic Azad University of Tabriz. Studied factors were Azospirillum ...
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In order to study the effects of seed inoculation with Azospirillum strains and coating with microelements on seed and essential oil yield of cumin (Cuminum cyminum L.) an experiment was conducted at research field of agricultural faculty of Islamic Azad University of Tabriz. Studied factors were Azospirillum strains (lipoferum, brasilense, irakense, strain of and strain 21) included seed coating with microelements and no-coating seeds. Factorial experiment was arranged based on randomized complete block design. Results indicated that, when seeds were inoculated with Azospirillum, strain 21, umbel number per plant increased 11 umbel, compared with control. The lowest thousand seed weight obtained from treatment that seeds no-inoculated and no-coated. Seed yield was the highest (571 kg ha-1), when seeds were both inoculated with strain 21 and coated with microelements, and this value was twice more than the treatment of those seeds only inoculated with Azospirillum strains. When seeds were coated with microelements, yield increased to 147 kg ha-1 (based on averaged Azospirillum strains) compared to non-coated seeds. Essential oil yield of cumin ranged from 17.2 kg ha-1 in treatment of seed inoculation with Azospirillum, strain 21×seed coating with microelements to 2.56 kg ha-1 in control sample. Difference between seed and Essential oil yield of cumin was not significant, when those seeds coated with microelements were inoculated with strain 21 and strain of. In cumin planting seeds coating with microelements and inoculation with Azospirillum, strain 21 or strain of is recommended.
