Improvement and breeding
A.A. Alizadeh Everi; M. Parsaeian; Z. Ghasimi Hagh
Abstract
Glycyrrhiza glabra L. is one of the valuable medicinal plants of the world, whose glycyrrhizin, the most important triterpenoid metabolite in its roots, is widely used in food and modern pharmaceutical industries. To overcome the seed germination problems, the risk of plant extinction due to the indiscriminate ...
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Glycyrrhiza glabra L. is one of the valuable medicinal plants of the world, whose glycyrrhizin, the most important triterpenoid metabolite in its roots, is widely used in food and modern pharmaceutical industries. To overcome the seed germination problems, the risk of plant extinction due to the indiscriminate root harvesting, and the slow rate of natural biosynthesis of secondary metabolites, it is necessary to study on this plant root tissue culture and use elicitors to increase its glycyrrhizin biosynthesis. In the present study, the seed germination rate of two Iranian licorice ecotypes (Kashmar and Joghtai) and an Iraqi ecotype was investigated at different levels of sulfuric acid pretreatment. In addition, differences between the ecotypes in terms of morphology and root glycyrrhizin content were studied in response to IAA and NAA auxin elicitors with concentrations of 0, 0.5, 1, and 1.5 mg.l-1 in ½ MS medium using root explants. The results showed that all three ecotypes obtained the highest seed germination in the 98% sulfuric acid pretreatment for 40 minutes. The Iraqi ecotype was placed in the statistically best group in terms of all traits except glycyrrhizin content under control and some hormone levels (esp. NAA) conditions. In the Iranian ecotypes, the auxin elicitors application significantly improved the root traits and glycyrrhizin content. Kashmar ecotype produced the thickest roots using 0.5 mg.l-1 of IAA and the highest root dry weight (5.8 and 5.4 mg, respectively) using the medium and high concentrations of NAA and IAA. Joghtai ecotype also produced the heavy roots with 1.5 and 0.5 mg.l-1 of IAA and NAA (100 and 79 mg, respectively). In general, the medium and high concentrations of IAA and NAA (1 and 1.5 mg.l-1) caused the highest glycyrrhizin production (8.82 and 7.83 µg.g-1 DW, respectively) in Kashmar ecotype roots. Therefore, selection of appropriate ecotype and auxin elicitors application can increase in vitro production of biomass and root glycyrrhizin content in G. glabra.
Improvement and breeding
M. Naghizadeh; R. Kabiri; K. Maghsoudi
Abstract
Ascorbic acid and melatonin as the biostimulants affect the biosynthesis of phytohormones, facilitate and increase the nutrients uptake, enhance the defense mechanisms, stimulate the root growth, and finally, increase the quality and quantity of the product by affecting the plant metabolites. This study ...
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Ascorbic acid and melatonin as the biostimulants affect the biosynthesis of phytohormones, facilitate and increase the nutrients uptake, enhance the defense mechanisms, stimulate the root growth, and finally, increase the quality and quantity of the product by affecting the plant metabolites. This study was conducted in a randomized complete block design with three replications to investigate the effects of foliar application of melatonin and ascorbic acid on the grain yield and mucilage content of Plantago ovata Forssk. in the research greenhouse of Bardsir Faculty of Agriculture, Shahid Bahonar University of Kerman in 2020. The experimental treatments included the foliar application of distilled water (control), melatonin 100 μM, ascorbic acid 100 μM, and melatonin 100 μM + ascorbic acid 100 μM. The foliar application treatments continued from the time of complete establishment of seedlings (3-4 leaves) to the physiological maturity stage of seeds (four times every two weeks). The results showed that the foliar application of melatonin and ascorbic acid (single and combined application) enhanced the number of tillers per plant, number of spikes per plant, spike length, number of seeds per spike, and 1000-seed weight significantly. The highest grain yield was obtained from the foliar application of melatonin (59.98 g.m-2) and melatonin + ascorbic acid (61.85 g.m-2) without statistically significant differences with each other. The ascorbic acid foliar application also significantly increased the grain yield by 6.61% compared to the control. The foliar application of ascorbic acid, melatonin, and melatonin + ascorbic acid increased the mucilage content by 12.29, 19.89, and 23.80%, respectively compared to the control. The application of melatonin alone or in combination with the ascorbic acid, without statistically significant differences with each other, had the greatest positive effect on increasing the mucilage percentage. The mucilage yield was obtained 10.03, 13.47, 14.94, and 15.64 g.m-2 in the control, ascorbic acid, melatonin, and melatonin + ascorbic acid treatments, respectively. Based on the results, it can be concluded that the foliar application of melatonin and ascorbic acid could improve the quantitative and qualitative yield of P. ovata, and among the treatments their combined application was more effective.
Agriculture and horticulture
H. Heydarnejadiyan; A. Maleki; F. Babaei
Abstract
To investigate the effects of different levels of drought stress, and foliar application of zinc nanofertilizer and salicylic acid on the yield and yield components of fennel (Foeniculum vulgare Mill.), a split-plot factorial experiment was conducted in a randomized complete block design with three replications ...
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To investigate the effects of different levels of drought stress, and foliar application of zinc nanofertilizer and salicylic acid on the yield and yield components of fennel (Foeniculum vulgare Mill.), a split-plot factorial experiment was conducted in a randomized complete block design with three replications in the village of Sultanabad, Razan city in Hamadan province in two years, 2018 and 2019. The main factor included the irrigation regime at three levels of irrigation after 50 (no stress), 75 (moderate stress), and 100 (severe stress) mm evaporation from Class A evaporation pan and the sub-factors consisted of foliar application of zinc nanofertilizer at two levels (without fertilizer and zinc nanofertilizer spray) and salicylic acid at four levels (0, 2, 4, and 6 mM). The drought stress decreased the number of umbels per plant, number of umbellules per umbel, number of seeds per umbellule, 1000-seed weight, and grain yield and increased the percentage of essential oil. The highest number of umbellules per umbel was obtained in the severe drought stress treatment with the application of zinc nanofertilizer and salicylic acid with a concentration of 4 mM. The application of zinc nanofertilizer under no stress, moderate, and severe drought conditions increased the grain yield by 14, 5.3, and 4.5%, and the essential oil content by 6, 2.9, and 9.9%, respectively. The concentration of 6 mM salicylic acid had the highest essential oil percentage (2.8%).
Improvement and breeding
A. Barghi; A. Gholipouri
Abstract
Salinity is one of the most common abiotic stresses, which causes a high decrease in crop production. Growth regulators play an important role in plant growth and development under normal and stress conditions. To study the effects of foliar application of jasmonic acid and 24-epibrassinolide on yield ...
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Salinity is one of the most common abiotic stresses, which causes a high decrease in crop production. Growth regulators play an important role in plant growth and development under normal and stress conditions. To study the effects of foliar application of jasmonic acid and 24-epibrassinolide on yield and yield components, oil and essential oil percentage and some physiological characteristics of black cumin (Nigella sativa L.) under salinity stress conditions, a factorial experiment based on the randomized complete block design was conducted in the research greenhouse of Mohaghegh Ardabili University with three replications. The treatments included salinity at four levels (0, 5, 10 and, 15 ds.m-1 NaCl) and plant growth regulators at three levels (control, 0.1 mmol 24-epibrassinolide, and 0.5 mmol jasmonic acid). Results of mean comparisons indicated that salinity stress decreased plant yield, number of seeds per capsule, number of capsules per plant, and seed oil percentage, while significantly increased 1000-seed weight and proline content. Growth regulators also increased 1000-seed weight and seed oil percentage and decreased proline content. Chlorophylls a and b contents of the leaves decreased with increasing salinity levels, and the use of jasmonic acid and 24-epibrassinolide increased their amounts at all salinity levels. Malondialdehyde content increased with increasing salinity levels, and plant growth regulators foliar spray decreased its content at all stress levels. Besides, the percentage of seed essential oil increased with increasing salinity levels and also with plant growth regulators application at all salinity levels. It is recommended to foliar spray the plant with 24-epibrassinolide and jasmonic acid growth regulators under salinity conditions to avoid stress damages and increase black cumin essential oil, which is a very important compound in the pharmaceutical industry, as well as to enhance seed oil percentage, 1000-seed weight, and photosynthetic pigments of black cumin.
S. Shamsian; M. Omidi; S. Torabi
Abstract
Aloe (Aloe vera L.) is one of the most valuable plants in the pharmaceutical, cosmetic, food and health industries. Due to the growing need for this plant, extensive research has been done on in vitro culture. In vitro propagation of this plant is a convenient and efficient way for the massive proliferation ...
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Aloe (Aloe vera L.) is one of the most valuable plants in the pharmaceutical, cosmetic, food and health industries. Due to the growing need for this plant, extensive research has been done on in vitro culture. In vitro propagation of this plant is a convenient and efficient way for the massive proliferation and the use of secondary metabolites. In this study, the best method of sterilization for the explants derived from Aloe vera seedlings and the effects of growth regulators BAP, NAA, and activated charcoal were investigated. The experiment was based on a completely randomized (CRD) design with 3 replications and 5 treatments. BAP at concentrations of 5 and 4 mg per liter, NAA at 0.2 mg per liter, and activated charcoal at 2 grams per liter were used in the MS-medium to induce the lateral buds of seedlings. Fungicide carbendazim 1% (20 min.), alcohol 70% (30 seconds), sodium hypochlorite 2.5% (20 min.), mercuric chloride 0.1% (10 minutes) was identified as the best protocol. In addition, MS-medium with 5 mg/L BAP and 2 grams per liter of activated charcoal was known to be the best environment to induce the lateral buds. The buds obtained in the MS-medium containing 2.0 ppm NAA were rooted and 85% of cuttings survived in the greenhouse.
R. khatibzadeh; M. Azizi; H. Arouiee; M. Farsi
Abstract
Over time, once again there has been a significant growth in growing and producing medicinal plant species. The biotechnological developments have far-reaching implications in conservation and propagation of endangered species, as well in the genetic improvement of medicinal plant. The genetic variation ...
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Over time, once again there has been a significant growth in growing and producing medicinal plant species. The biotechnological developments have far-reaching implications in conservation and propagation of endangered species, as well in the genetic improvement of medicinal plant. The genetic variation occurred in calli holds tremendous potential for increasing production efficiency of valuable secondary metabolites. Levisticum officinale Koch. is considered as one of the oldest medicinal plants and spices from Apiaceae, whose root has a diuretic agent for the treatment of kidney stones and kidney and urinary tract infections, reported in many credible pharmacopoeias. In present investigation, callus cultures of lovage explants (hypocotyl, root, leaf, petiole, crown node) were initiated in modified MS medium, called AM1, supplemented with different phytohormonal combinations. After one month, the percentage and rate of callogenesis were analyzed as a completely randomized factorial design. The highest callus growth and best appearance were obtained by hypocotyl and root explants in the AM1 medium supplemented with 2,4-D (1.5 mgl-1) + Kin (0.5 mgl-1) + NAA (0.025 mgl-1).
