S. Syadat Jamian; M. Aghaalikhani; A. Mokhtassi-Bidgoli
Abstract
To investigate the effect of planting density on quantitative and qualitative characteristics of globe artichoke (Cynara cardunculus L. var. Scolymus (L.) Fiori) under weedy and weed-free conditions, a field experiment was conducted at Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran in 2016 growing season. A factorial ...
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To investigate the effect of planting density on quantitative and qualitative characteristics of globe artichoke (Cynara cardunculus L. var. Scolymus (L.) Fiori) under weedy and weed-free conditions, a field experiment was conducted at Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran in 2016 growing season. A factorial arrangement of the experimental treatments was studied in a randomized complete block design with three replications. The factors included four crop planting densities (2, 4, 6 and 8 plants m-2) under two conditions of presence and absence of weeds. Different traits including leaf number per plant, leaf area index, total dry weight, chlorophylls a, b and total chlorophyll, caffeic acid, chlorogenic acid and total polyphenol contents were measured. The results showed that leaf number and dry weight were significantly affected by plant density and weed competition in artichoke, so that the weed competition reduced the artichoke dry weight by 22.4%. The highest leaf area index (2.29) and dry weight of artichoke (253.44 g m-2) were observed at 6 plants m-2, while the highest number of leaves per plant (16.33) belonged to the density of 2 plants m-2. Among qualitative traits chlorophylls a, b and total chlorophyll were only affected by weed presence while caffeic acid, chlorogenic acid and total polyphenol contents were only affected by plant density. The effect of crop plant density on weed leaf area and dry weight was also significant. Overall, the highest performance of the main secondary metabolites in artichoke including caffeic acid, chlorogenic acid and total polyphenol (5.99, 9.55 and 5.89 g m-2, respectively) were obtained at 6 plants m-2, completely affected by crop dry matter yield.
R. Ramezannezhad; M. Aghdasi; M. Fatemi
Abstract
Polyphenol and flavonoid compounds, belonging to the medicinal species of Asteraceae family, have been found as natural antioxidants. Cichoric and chlorogenic acid are two caffeic acid derivatives. These polyphenol components, especially cichoric acid, are the dominant components of Echinacea purpurea ...
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Polyphenol and flavonoid compounds, belonging to the medicinal species of Asteraceae family, have been found as natural antioxidants. Cichoric and chlorogenic acid are two caffeic acid derivatives. These polyphenol components, especially cichoric acid, are the dominant components of Echinacea purpurea L. The general goal of this research was to identify Iranian native sources of cichoric acid, chlorogenicacid and also caffeic acid as their precursor. For this purpose, the roots, stems and leaves of five Iranian native species (Lactuca undulata, Lactuca serriola, Leontodon asperrimus, Cichorium intybus and Sonchus oleraceus) were collected during vegetative and reproductive stages from north eastern of Iran. The seeds of E. purpurea were purchased and cultured in greenhouse conditions. The results revealed that the highest amount of cichoric (3.6 mg/g DW) and caffeic acid (28.8 mg/g DW) was observed in E. purpurea roots during vegetative and reproductive stages, respectively. Among Iranian native species, L.undulata stems and L.asperrimus roots had the highest content of cichoric (2.3 mg/g DW) and chlorogenic acid (8.08 mg/g DW) in reproductive and vegetative stages, respectively. The highest antioxidant activity was found in E. purpurea roots during reproductive stage. The lowest level of IC50 was found in E.purpurea roots at reproductive stage. It seems that L. undulata and L. asperrimus could be suitable sources for cichoric, chlorogenic and caffeic acid, compared to other Iranian native species.
M. Kamalizadeh; M.R. Bihamta; S.A. Peyghambari; J. Hadian
Abstract
In order to evaluate the effect of titanium dioxide nanoparticles on the production of rosmarinic acid and chlorogenic acid, this nanoparticle with eight different concentrations (0, 5, 10, 20, 30, 50, 100 and 15 ppm) in a completely randomized design with three replications at flowering stage was sprayed ...
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In order to evaluate the effect of titanium dioxide nanoparticles on the production of rosmarinic acid and chlorogenic acid, this nanoparticle with eight different concentrations (0, 5, 10, 20, 30, 50, 100 and 15 ppm) in a completely randomized design with three replications at flowering stage was sprayed on Urmia genotype of Dragonhead (Dracocephalum moldavica L.) planted in the greenhouse, college of agriculture, Tehran university. At full flowering stage, plant shoots were harvested and dried in the shade for a week and then the amount of two major phenolic compounds of extraction were analyzed by high-performance liquid chromatography. Excel and SAS software were used for statistical analysis. Results showed statistically significant differences among different treatments. The production of these two compounds raised in low concentration of nanoparticle treatment up to 30 ppm extract, whereas rosmarinic acid content was decreased in high concentration of nanoparticle treatment. Average content of rosmarinic acid and chlorogenic acid in Urmia genotypes was 123.2 and 54µg/g extract, respectively. Therefore, nanopartcle induced the production rate of phenolic compounds in low concentration.
