A. Khameseifi; F. Sefidkon
Abstract
Tanacetum polycephalum, belonging to the Asteraceae family, is a perennial and aromatic species with numerous medicinal properties. In this study, in order to evaluate and compare the quality and quantity of essential oil of flowering shoots and each of its parts (flowers, leaves and stems), the seeds ...
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Tanacetum polycephalum, belonging to the Asteraceae family, is a perennial and aromatic species with numerous medicinal properties. In this study, in order to evaluate and compare the quality and quantity of essential oil of flowering shoots and each of its parts (flowers, leaves and stems), the seeds of T. polycephalum Schultz. Bip. Subsp. polycephalum was collected from Kurdistan province (around the Qorveh city) and cultivated in the Alborz Agriculture Research Station, associated to the Research Institute of Forests and Rangelands. After collecting the aerial parts in full flowering stage, organs were separated and dried in the shade and essential oil extraction was carried out by hydro-distillation. The essential oils were analyzed by using a gas chromatography (GC) and gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC/MS). The highest yield of essential oil (W/W relative to dry weight) was obtained from flowering shoots (0.87%) and the lowest yield was obtained from stems (0.12%). The oil yield of leaves and flowers was calculated to be 0.61% and 0.46%, respectively. The main compounds in the oil of flowering shoots were camphor (35.5%), cis- chrysanthenol (10.1%) and α-terpinene (9.5%). Camphor (25.4%), α-terpinene (13.2%), and cis-chrysathenol (11.2%) were found in the essential oil of leaves. Trans-β-farnesene (39.7%) and camphor (8.5%) were the main components in the essential oil of stems. According to the results, if camphor and cis-chrysanthenol is the target of essential oil extraction, distillation from flowering shoots and leaves is recommended; however, to achieve the most amount of trans-chrysanthenyl acetate, distillation from flowers is recommended.
M.A. Soltanipoor; S.M. Hesamzadeh Hejazi; P. Jonoubi; M. Mirza
Abstract
Zhumeria majdae Rech. f. & Wendelbo is the medicinal, endemic, and endangered plant, distributed on very sharp slopes of mountains at an altitude of 520 to 1450 meters a.s.l in the south of Iran. This species is used in the treatment of gastrointestinal disorders like diarrhea, bloating, abdominal ...
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Zhumeria majdae Rech. f. & Wendelbo is the medicinal, endemic, and endangered plant, distributed on very sharp slopes of mountains at an altitude of 520 to 1450 meters a.s.l in the south of Iran. This species is used in the treatment of gastrointestinal disorders like diarrhea, bloating, abdominal pain and sour stomach, heartburn, and cold. The mashed fresh leaves are used to improve headaches and wound healing. To study the variation of essential oils of individuals among different populations, the aerial parts of five individuals of Z. majdae were collected at full flowering stage from 11 habitats of Hormozgan province, and then were dried at room temperature. The essential oil was extracted by hydrodistilation method using a Clevenger-type apparatus. The chemical composition of essential oils was analyzed by GC-FID and GC-MS. Results showed that the essential oil yield varied for both different habitats and individuals. The highest and lowest essential oil yields were obtained in the Abmah (5.9%) and Sirmand area (1.9%), respectively. In addition, the highest and lowest essential oil yields were recorded for the second individual from Abmah (7.9%) and the third individual from Sirmand (0.9), respectively. Totally, twenty-five components were identified for the individuals of different habitats. The individuals of a population differed in terms of chemical compositions. Among the existing chemical components in the essential oil of 55 individuals, Linalool (42.4-71.8%), Camphor (17.2-40.9%), Nerol (0.4-5.7%), and Borneol (0.9-4.9%) showed more variation. According to the results of the analysis of chemical data with PCA software, the study individuals of different populations were classified into two groups. A number of 12 individuals, having almost similar values of Linalool and Camphor, were placed in the first group, and the others, whose values of the two major components mentioned above were far from each other, were placed in the second group.
M.S. Mahmoodzadeh Hosseini; F. Sefidkon; P. Salehi Shanjani; Gh.R. Najafi
Abstract
Achillea vermicularis Trin., belonging to Astraceae family, is distributed at North and North-West Iran. It is used for treatment of arthritis infusion of the leaves, gastritis, asthma, and diseases of the liver in traditional medicine. In this study, for the first time, the seeds of A. vermicularis ...
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Achillea vermicularis Trin., belonging to Astraceae family, is distributed at North and North-West Iran. It is used for treatment of arthritis infusion of the leaves, gastritis, asthma, and diseases of the liver in traditional medicine. In this study, for the first time, the seeds of A. vermicularis was collected from West Azarbayjan and cultivated in the field of Alborz research station, Karaj, Iran. In order to comparing the essential oil content and composition, flowering shoots and individual plant parts (flowers, leaves and stems) were collected in full flowering stage. The plant materials were dried at shade and their essential oils were obtained by hydro-distillation. The oils were analyzed by gas chromatography (GC) and gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC/Mass). The highest oil yields (w/w of dry weight) were obtained from flowers (0.53%) and leaves (0.52%) and the lowest oil yield was obtained from stems (0.24%). The oil yield of total aerial parts was 0.43%. According to these results, the distillation of all aerial parts is more suitable in comparison with oil extraction from the flowers that is common for other Achillea species, resulting in wasting a lot of essential oils in the leaves and stems. Twenty-nine compounds were identified in the essential oils, of which 1,8-cineol, camphor and piperitone were found in all essential oils in significant quantities. The content of camphor varied from 4.1% in stem oil to 19.2% in flower oil. Minimum and maximum content of 1,8-cineol was found in the stem oil (3.3%) and flower oil (23.3%), respectively. The minimum content of piperitone (4.9%) was obtained in stem oil and aerial parts oil was rich in piperitone (26.4%). There were special differences among the essential oils of plant parts. The presence of special compounds such as heptadecane (31.1%) and hexadecanol (18.6%) and n-henei cosine (4.5%) and n-octadecane only in stem oil (3.1%), germacrene D in aerial parts oil (13.6%), were other differences.
F. Fakhari; F. Sefidkon; Sh. Mozaffari; M.A. Alizadeh
Abstract
The Anthemis genus, belonging to Asteraceae family, has 23 endemic annual species in Iran, with the flowers and shoots containing essential oil. In this experiment, for the first time, the seeds of Anthemis tinctoria L. were collected from west Azarbayejan, Iran, and cultivated at the field of Alborz ...
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The Anthemis genus, belonging to Asteraceae family, has 23 endemic annual species in Iran, with the flowers and shoots containing essential oil. In this experiment, for the first time, the seeds of Anthemis tinctoria L. were collected from west Azarbayejan, Iran, and cultivated at the field of Alborz Research Station. In order to determine the essential oil composition of cultivated Anthemis tinctoria, random sampling was conducted at full flowering stage from flowering shoot. Flowers, leaves and stems were divided and dried in open air and their essential oil was produced separately by hydro-distillation. To analyze the essential oil composition, GC and GC-MS were used. Results indicated that essential oil percentage in flower, leaf, stem and total shoot was 0.0892, 0.0487, 0.0466 and 0.0792%, respectively. Analysis of leaf essential oil indicated that 32 compounds were detected; five main compounds were camphor (15.8%), α-eudesmol (10.3%), guaiol (9.6%), chrysanthenone (8.4%) and 1,8-cineol (8.0%); contributing to more than 53% of the essential oil composition. Twenty-one compounds were detected in stem essential oil; four main compounds were spathulenol (25.6%), α-eudesmol (14.5%), caryophyllene oxide (11.8%) and β-eudesmol (5.9%). Moreover, 22 compounds were detected in flower essential oil; five main compounds were α-eudesmol (27.5%), β-eudesmol (14.3%), spathulenol (13.3%), 10-epi-g-eudesmol (7.2%), 1,8-cineol (4.2%). The results also indicated that 29 compounds were detected in shoot essential oil; four main compounds were g-eudesmol (39.92%), caronene (9.1%), camphor (6.5%), spathulenol (5.1%) and 1,8-cineol (4.3%). According to the obtained results, the percentage of α-eudesmol as main component of this essential oil varied from 10 to 40% in different plant parts, the lowest in leaf oil and the highest in aerial part oil. The highest amount of β-eudesmol was found in flower and stem oil. The presence of high amount of chrysanthenone and camphor in leaf oil was also remarkable. It can be concluded that by using flowering shoot or total aerial parts of A. tinctoria in full flowering stage, more essential oil yield would be produced. In addition, for special purposes and obtaining some special compounds, special plant parts could be distilled.
A. Assarzadeh; H. Azarnivand; F. Sefidkon; H. Arzani; M.A. Zare-Chahooki
Abstract
The essential oil yield and chemical composition of the aerial parts of Artemisia sieberi Besser were investigated in two sites of grazed and ungrazed rangelands. Plant sampling was performed from 2 sites in Ahmadabad, located in Semnan province at the beginning of flowering stage in October 2010. The ...
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The essential oil yield and chemical composition of the aerial parts of Artemisia sieberi Besser were investigated in two sites of grazed and ungrazed rangelands. Plant sampling was performed from 2 sites in Ahmadabad, located in Semnan province at the beginning of flowering stage in October 2010. The samples of inflorescences of plants were collected from 5 random points of each site. Then, air-dried parts of the plants were subjected to hydrodistillation using a Clevenger-type apparatus. Analysis and identification of chemical composition of the essential oils were performed by GC and GC/MS. There was no significant difference between the oil yields of Artemisia sieberi in 2 investigated sites. In ungrazed and grazed sites, the main components of essential oils were respectively, Camphor (48/03%), 1,8-Cineole (15/96%), Camphene (10/32%) and Camphor (51/82%), Camphene (10/86%), 1,8-Cineole (9/52%). According to the results, significant differences were recorded for Thuja-2,4(10)-diene (p<0.05) and α –Terpineol (p<0.01) between two studied sites. No significant differences were observed for the percentage of other componenets between 2 investigated sites. Also, comparison of the economic value of oil in one hectare with total area of the grazed and ungrazed rangelands showed that garzing caused a reduction in economic efficiency of oil.
M. Hamisi; F. Sefidkon; M. Nasri; M.H. Lebaschi
Abstract
For investigating the effects of nitrogen, phosphor and bovine fertilizers on essential oil content and composition of feverfew (Tanacetum parthenium L.), an experiment was arranged based on Complete Randomized Blocks Design, in three replication, from February 2009 to October 2010, at research farm ...
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For investigating the effects of nitrogen, phosphor and bovine fertilizers on essential oil content and composition of feverfew (Tanacetum parthenium L.), an experiment was arranged based on Complete Randomized Blocks Design, in three replication, from February 2009 to October 2010, at research farm of Research Institute of Forests and Rangelands. The treatments were: 1- nitrogen fertilizer in three levels (60, 90, 120 kg/ha), 2- triple superphosphate fertilizer in two levels (60 and 80 kg/ha) and the 3- bovine fertilizer in three levels (0, 15 and 30 tons/ha). The aerial parts of the plants were collected at the beginning of flowering and after drying their essential oils were obtained by hydro-distillation and analyzed by GC and GC/MS. The results showed that different levels of urea fertilizer had significant effects on essential oil percentage and yield at level of 1%. Also, nitrogen fertilizer had significant effects on percentage of chrysanthenyl acetate and santolina triene. Bovine fertilizer had also significant effects on oil percentage and yield, camphor, camphene and santolina triene percentage at level of 5%. The highest amounts of oil percentage (0.32%) and yield (19 kg/h) were obtained by application of 60 Kg/h urea fertilizer. In addition, GC and GC/MS analysis showed different levels of bovine fertilizer had significant effect on percentages of main components of feverfew essential oil.
G.H. Nasery; M. Mazandarani; M.B. Rezaee
Volume 24, Issue 2 , August 2008, , Pages 126-134
Abstract
Tanacetum parthenium L. is one of the most important medicinal herbs that grows wild and wide distribution near the river, road and sunny positions in forest and mountainous rangelands in South East of Golestan Province, especially in 800-1250m above the sea level in medium soil texture, neutral PH and ...
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Tanacetum parthenium L. is one of the most important medicinal herbs that grows wild and wide distribution near the river, road and sunny positions in forest and mountainous rangelands in South East of Golestan Province, especially in 800-1250m above the sea level in medium soil texture, neutral PH and organic carbon percent with medium to high. In addition to its ecological and ethnopharmacological needs essential oil composition of this plant were also studied. Artemisia annua, Artemisia absintium, Mentha longifolia, Mentha aquatica, Thymus carmanicus, Cuminum cyminum,Echium amoenum, andSalix alba for sedative of headache and menstrual pain, cold, fever, inflammation and healing wound. Flowering aerial parts of this plant were collected in July 2006 in 1100m of Ziarat mountainous region, 6km far from Gorgan city in Golestan province. The essential oil of different parts of plant obtained by water distillation and analyzed by GC/MS. Camphor (53.5%), a-pinene (17.7%) and a-bisabolol oxide B (10.5%) were the major components of flower oil. But in leaf oil, camphor (38.9%), a-pinene (8.4%), germacrene D (6.3%) and g-terpinene (8.2%) were the main components. The results confirm use of this plant by the rural healers for curing many types of the sedative pain and other ailments.
M. Saharkhiz; M. Sattari; Gh. Goodarzi; R. Omidbaigi
Volume 24, Issue 1 , May 2008, , Pages 47-55
Abstract
Feverfew (Tanacetum parthenium L.) is a perennial herbaceous essential oil bearing plant belongs to Astraceae family. This plant is a valuable and important medicinal herb which has many therapeutic properties. Recent investigations have shown its excellent anti-migraine effects of it. Other properties ...
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Feverfew (Tanacetum parthenium L.) is a perennial herbaceous essential oil bearing plant belongs to Astraceae family. This plant is a valuable and important medicinal herb which has many therapeutic properties. Recent investigations have shown its excellent anti-migraine effects of it. Other properties of this plant are anti-inflammatory, analgesic, promote menstrual flow and reduce fever, antiseptic and anti-rheumatic effects. This investigation was conducted to study the antibacterial properties of feverfew essential oil, as well as determination of the content and composition of essential oil before doing antibacterial assessments. The aerial parts of Tanacetum parthenium were harvested in summer when the plants were in full blooming stage. The collected aerial parts were then dried in the shade. The essential oil of aerial parts was extracted by hydro-distillation technique using Clevenger apparatus and was analyzed by capillary GC and GC/MS method. Anti bacterial properties of the essential oil on four pathogenic bacteria were determined by using broth dilution and well diffusion agar methods. The essential oil showed the maximum anti bacterial effect on E. coli and the minimum on S. aureus and P. aeuroginosa. The essential oil content of aerial parts was 0.66% (w/w) based on dry weight. The amount of camphor which is the main constituent of the oil and as an antiseptic component was 48.9%. In conclusion the results of this study showed thatthe essential oil of feverfew is rich of camphor and is considerable as an anti-bacterial agent in drug and food industries.
M. Mirza; N. Najafpour Navaei
Abstract
The genus of Lepidium is belong to Cruciferae, distributed in Europe, Mediteranean region, United State and south of Asia. In Iran 8 species are present in northern, northwestern and western districts. The leaves of Lepidium sativumwere collected from Shemiran in Tehran province at full flowering stage ...
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The genus of Lepidium is belong to Cruciferae, distributed in Europe, Mediteranean region, United State and south of Asia. In Iran 8 species are present in northern, northwestern and western districts. The leaves of Lepidium sativumwere collected from Shemiran in Tehran province at full flowering stage in June 2004. Essential oil isolated by hydrodistillation from the leaves, were analysed by a combination of capillary GC and GC/MS. The yeild of essential oil was 0.3% (w/w). Twenty-five compounds in the oil were identified representing 94.7% of the total oil. The main constituent was camphor (19.8%). Other main components were 1,8-cineole (10.2%) and epi-α –bisabolol (8%).
K. Jaimand; M.B. Rezaei
Volume 15, Issue 1 , January 2003, , Pages 49-58
Abstract
The composition of the oils from flower and leaf of Achilleea vermicularis Trin. Were Collected during the flowering period. The essential oils obtainad by hydrodistillation method (Clevenger- type appratus). The percentage of oils for flower were 0.44% and for leaf were 0.71% calculated on the dry weight, ...
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The composition of the oils from flower and leaf of Achilleea vermicularis Trin. Were Collected during the flowering period. The essential oils obtainad by hydrodistillation method (Clevenger- type appratus). The percentage of oils for flower were 0.44% and for leaf were 0.71% calculated on the dry weight, andlyzed by GC and GC/MS.
The major constituents in flower were camphor (31.2%), 1.8-cineole (24%), trans- p- menth- 2- en- 1- ol (14.8%), α-terpineol (5.3%) and for leaf were 1.8- cineole(25.7%), cemphor (21.4%), trans- p- menth- 2- en- 1- ol (18%) and sabinene (4%) respectively.
