F. Askari; E. Sharifi Ashorabadi; M. Mirza; M. Teimouri; E. Ehsani
Abstract
This research was aimed to investigate the effect of collection locality and essential oil concentration of Thymus pubescens Boiss. & Kotschy ex Celak on antimicrobial activity against some microorganisms. The statistical design used in this study was a factorial experiment in a completely randomized ...
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This research was aimed to investigate the effect of collection locality and essential oil concentration of Thymus pubescens Boiss. & Kotschy ex Celak on antimicrobial activity against some microorganisms. The statistical design used in this study was a factorial experiment in a completely randomized design with four replications. In this experiment, collection locality at six levels including the habitats of West Azarbaijan, Tehran, Zanjan, Qazvin, Kurdistan and Guilan, essential oil dilution at three levels including one fifth (1:5), one twenty-fifth (1:25), one fiftieth (1:50) and comparison with the antibiotics of ciprofloxacin and ceftizoxime, and studied microorganisms at five levels including Bacillus subtilis, Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeroginosa and Candida albicans were investigated. The seeds were collected from different habitats and cultivated in the field of Research Institute of Forests and Rangelands. The essential oil was isolated from shoots by hydro-distillation. Chemical compositions of the oils were analyzed by GC and GC/MS. The essential oil yield obtained from different localities varied between 0.39% to 0.83% (w/w). The major constituents of the essential oil obtained from the samples collected from West Azarbaijan, Tehran, Zanjan, Qazvin, Kurdistan and Guilan were as follows: West Azarbaijan: E-caryophyllene (26.0%) and camphor (24.2%); Tehran: geranial (30.9%) and geranyl acetate (23.9%); Zanjan: linalool (23.5%) and 1,8-cineol (22.2%); Qazvin: thymol (30.3%) and carvacrol (30.1%); Kurdistan: linalool (17.2%) and geranyl acetate (12.7%), and Guilan: α–terpineol (31.2%) and geraniol (11.2%). Analysis of variance of inhibition zone diameter of T. pubescence essential oil showed significant difference (p<0.05) among collection locality, microorganism type, essential oil dilution and their interaction. Mean comparisons of the collection locality, microorganism type and essential oil dilution showed that the highest inhibition zone diameter (35.5mm) was recorded for the essential oil obtained from West Azarbaijan, ciprofloxacin against Bacillus subtilis. The lowest inhibition zone diameter (8.0 mm) was observed in the essential oil obtained from West Azerbaijan with essential oil dilution of 1:50 against P. aeruginosa. According to the MIC and MBC results, the most and the least antimicrobial activity was recorded for the essential oils obtained from the seeds collected from Tehran and Kurdistan, respectively.
E. Ehsani; K. Akbari Noghabi; M. Teimouri; M. Ebrahimzade; A.R. Khadem
Abstract
Indiscriminate use of antibiotics and consequently increase resistance of bacteria has led to a demand for new agents and components. To produce new drugs, different sources especially plant species are considered by researchers. The objective of this study was to investigate the chemical composition ...
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Indiscriminate use of antibiotics and consequently increase resistance of bacteria has led to a demand for new agents and components. To produce new drugs, different sources especially plant species are considered by researchers. The objective of this study was to investigate the chemical composition and antimicrobial activity of essential oils of Juniperus horizontalis Moench. Leaves and fruits of Juniperus horizontalis were collected in winter and the essential oil was prepared by hydro-distillation and analyzed by GC/MS. The antimicrobial activity was determined by disk diffusion method against 13 bacterial species. The minimal inhibition concentration (MIC) and minimal bactericidal concentration (MBC) values of essential oils were determined based on microdilution method. The results indicated that two main components in leaves and fruits were sabinene (30.2% - 38%, respectively) and limonene (26.3% - 27.8%, respectively) followed by bornyl acetate (10.7%) in leaves and myrcene (22.6%) in fruit oil. Essential oil of the leaves showed significant antimicrobial effect against 12 species from 13 tested bacteria species. Only Citrobacter frondii was resistant to the oil. The fruit essential oil had a weak activity against four of thirteen tested bacterial species.
Z. Rafiei; S.M. Jafari; M. Alami; M. Khomeiri
Abstract
The aim of the study was to investigate the effect of extraction through two methods of maceration and microwave-assisted extraction on phenolic compounds of olive leaves (Mishen cultivar) with solvents of water, 80% methanol and acetone. The highest total phenolic content (211.385±0.13 mg tannic ...
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The aim of the study was to investigate the effect of extraction through two methods of maceration and microwave-assisted extraction on phenolic compounds of olive leaves (Mishen cultivar) with solvents of water, 80% methanol and acetone. The highest total phenolic content (211.385±0.13 mg tannic acid/g extract) was related to the methanol extract produced by microwave-assisted extraction but acetone extracts gave the lowest amount for both methods. Comparing the extraction methods showed that MAE had higher extraction efficiency in all three tested solvents. Regarding antimicrobial activity of olive leaf extracts, we evaluated the bactericidal effects of different solvent extracts on Staphilococcus aureus, Salmonella typhi and Escherishia coli. In terms of S. aureus, the lowest minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC= 315 µg/ml) and. minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC= 2500 µg/ml) were observed with acetone extract in MAE and methanol extracts in both methods, respectively. As for E.coli the lowest MIC was 625 µg/ml and the lowest MBC (5000 µg/ml) was associated with water and methanol extracts in microwave-assisted extraction. In terms of S. typhi, the lowest MIC and MBC were 315 and 10000 µg/ml, respectively. To conclude, it was found that S. typhi was the most resistant bacteria against the extracts; in most cases MAE-produced extracts showed more antimicrobial activity compared to traditional-produced extracts.
M. Mahboubi; F. Qazian Bidgoli
Abstract
Artemisia aucheri Boiss. is a shrub from Asteraceae family that spread all over Iran. In traditional medicine, A. aucheri is a plant with astringent properties, disinfectant, antimicrobial, antiparasit and antitoxicant activity. The aim of this study was to evaluate, the antimicrobial activity of aerial ...
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Artemisia aucheri Boiss. is a shrub from Asteraceae family that spread all over Iran. In traditional medicine, A. aucheri is a plant with astringent properties, disinfectant, antimicrobial, antiparasit and antitoxicant activity. The aim of this study was to evaluate, the antimicrobial activity of aerial part essential oil of A. aucheri against a large number of microorganisms including gram positive, gram negative bacteria, filamentous fungi, and yeast by disc diffusion and micro broth dilution assays. Fifty four components were identified by GC and GC/MS in the essential oil of A. aucheri, representing 98% of total oil. The major components were geranyl acetate (17.2%), α-citral (17.1%), linalool (12.7%), geraniol (10.7%) and Z-citral (10.5%). The antimicrobial activity of A. aucheri oil was dose dependent. Aerial part essential oil showed the best antifungal activity and this effect is more than the antibacterial activity. Gram negative bacteria were less sensitive than gram positive bacteria. Means average of inhibition diameters of oil against gram positive bacteria and fungi were more than vancomycin and amphotricin B, respectively and this effect was smaller than gentamycin in gram negative bacteria.
M. Moghtader; A. Iraj Mansori; H. Salari; A. Farahmand
Volume 25, Issue 1 , May 2009, , Pages 20-28
Abstract
In order to study chemical composition and antimicrobial activity of essential oil of Bunium persicum Boiss., the seeds of this plant, which grows in Kerman Province in Lalehzar Mountains around of Kerman city, were collected in June 2006. The essential oil yield, obtained by hydro distillation from ...
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In order to study chemical composition and antimicrobial activity of essential oil of Bunium persicum Boiss., the seeds of this plant, which grows in Kerman Province in Lalehzar Mountains around of Kerman city, were collected in June 2006. The essential oil yield, obtained by hydro distillation from seeds, was 4.2%. The oil was analyzed by capillary gas chromatography (GC) using flame ionization (FID) and capillary gas chromatography coupled mass spectrometry (GC/MS) for detection. Twenty-six compounds were identified in the essential oil that concluded 99.7% of the total oil. The major components were γ-terpinen-7-al (26.91%), cumin aldehyde (23.29%) and γ-terpinene (22.02%). Other constitutes were ρ-cymene (7.32%), 2-caren-10-al (6.92%) and limonene (4.79%). For study of antimicrobial activity, the essential oil tested against 9 bacteria by disk diffusion method. The antimicrobial effects were determined against two gram positive bacteria: Staphylococcus areous (ATCC=25922) and Staphylococcus epidermidis (ATCC=1435) and seven gram negative bacteria: Pseudomonas aeroginosa (ATCC=1074), Shigella flexneri (ATCC=1234), Kellebsiella pnuomonae (ATCC=1053), Salmonella typhi (ATCC=1634), Serratia marcescens (1111), Escherichia coli (ATCC=25923) and Escherichia coli (ATCC=157). The results showed the seed oil of B. persicum had strong anti-bacterial effects. This property could be resulted from the relatively high amount of terpinenes and cumin aldehyde in the essential oil.
M. Mahboubi; M.M. Feizabadi; Gh. Haghi; H. Hosseini
Volume 24, Issue 1 , May 2008, , Pages 56-65
Abstract
Oliveria decumbens Vent. (Umbelliferae) is a shrub commonly found in the South East of Iran. Its aerial part is extensively used in herbal medicine. In this study, the antimicrobial activity of O. decumbens essential oil extracted from aerial parts of plant against a panel of microorganisms including ...
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Oliveria decumbens Vent. (Umbelliferae) is a shrub commonly found in the South East of Iran. Its aerial part is extensively used in herbal medicine. In this study, the antimicrobial activity of O. decumbens essential oil extracted from aerial parts of plant against a panel of microorganisms including gram positive, gram negative bacteria, yeast and fungi were assessed by disc diffusion method and micro broth dilution assay. The chemical constitutes of this oil was analyzed by GC. The main components of essential oil are thymol (26.9%), carvacrol (0.25%), p-cymene (13.3%) and γ-terpinene (11%). This oil exhibited strong antifungal activity against filamentous fungi and yeast with average of inhibition zone (AIZ) 34.86 and MIC≤0.25µl ml -1. The effect of 2 µl of essential oil (IZ≥27.3 mm) is larger than Amphotricin B (IZ≤17) against fungi. The gram positive bacteria are more sensitive than gram-negative bacteria (21.9 Vs 18.4). Spore forming bacteria (Bacillus sp.) are resistant to essential oil and the effect of oil against Bacillus sp. had inhibitory effect (MIC>2 µl ml-1). Pseudomonas aeruginosa were more resistant than others (IZO. decumbens oil, i.e. bacteria are more resistant than fungi and gram negative bacteria are more resistant than gram positive bacteria. These effects are more concerned to phenol components especially thymol. Therefore, further studies are required to evaluate in vivo efficacy.
