Biological effects of essential oils and extracts
F. Zafarmand Kashani; D. Khademi Shurmasti
Abstract
The environmental hazards of polymer packaging have increased the tendency to use the biodegradable composites. Due to the use limitations of synthetic antioxidants and antibiotics, the use of alternative natural products has been developed. In this study, the antioxidant and antimicrobial effects of ...
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The environmental hazards of polymer packaging have increased the tendency to use the biodegradable composites. Due to the use limitations of synthetic antioxidants and antibiotics, the use of alternative natural products has been developed. In this study, the antioxidant and antimicrobial effects of Zataria multiflora Boiss. and Cuminum cyminum L. alcoholic extracts in the bioactive coatings on the shelf life of chicken meat were evaluated and compared with propyl gallate. For this purpose, an experiment was conducted in a completely randomized design with five experimental treatments including the uncoated chicken fillets (control), fillets coated with 8% sodium caseinate, sodium caseinate-based coated enriched with thyme extract (1.5%), cumin extract (1.5%), and propyl gallate (100 ppm) and three replications for 10 days at refrigerator temperature. The results showed that the use of sodium caseinate coating reduced the number of aerobic mesophilic bacteria, psychrophilic bacteria, thiobarbituric acid index, peroxide value, and total volatile nitrogen compounds of the fillets during storage. The use of plant extracts and propyl gallate increased the antioxidant and antimicrobial efficiency of the bioactive coatings. At the end of storage period, the fillets coated with sodium caseinate- cumin extract showed the lowest amount of aerobic mesophilic and psychrophilic bacteria and the total volatile nitrogen compounds (p < /em><0.05) and the fillets coated with sodium caseinate- thyme extract showed the lowest thiobarbituric acid index and peroxide value (p < /em><0.05) with no statistically significant difference with the bioactive coatings containing propyl gallate. Therefore, the bioactive coating of sodium caseinate containing cumin and thyme extracts can be used to increase the shelf life of chicken fillets at the refrigerator storage for at least 10 days.
Biological effects of essential oils and extracts
Z. Ahmadi; D. Khademi Shurmasti
Abstract
Today, the tendency has increased to the use of bio-preservatives, including plant extracts, as an alternative to synthetic antioxidants and antimicrobials. On the other hand, the addition of lipids, such as oleic acid to biopolymers in active packaging reduces their permeability to water vapor. To investigate ...
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Today, the tendency has increased to the use of bio-preservatives, including plant extracts, as an alternative to synthetic antioxidants and antimicrobials. On the other hand, the addition of lipids, such as oleic acid to biopolymers in active packaging reduces their permeability to water vapor. To investigate the antioxidant and antimicrobial effect of Mentha spicataL. extract in bio-composite carboxymethyl cellulose-based coating on the shelf life of common carp fillets in cold conditions, an experiment was conducted in a completely randomized design with six treatments including carboxymethyl cellulose coating (CMS, 2.5%), CMS combined with oleic acid (OA, 1.5%), CMS combined with OA and enriched with 0.5, 1, 1.5 and 2% Mentha spicataextract, and three replications for 9 days. The results showed that OA improved the protective effect of CMS. The use of Mentha spicata extract in the bio-composite coating, especially at the highest concentrations, significantly (p < /em> <0.05) reduced the number of psychrotrophic bacteria, the index of thiobarbituric acid, free fatty acids, total volatile nitrogen compounds, and pH of common carp fillets during cold storage. The antioxidant and antimicrobial effect of Mentha spicataextract was dose-dependent. Therefore, Mentha spicata extract, with its antioxidant and antimicrobial properties in combination with the composite coating of CMS-OA, can be used as a bio-preservative in active packaging, to maintain quality and increase the shelf life of fish fillets during short-term storage in refrigeration.
D. Khademi Shurmasti; F. Shariatmadari; M.A. Karimi Torshizi
Abstract
This experiment was performed to investigate the effects of probiotic on productive traits, blood parameters, serum lipoproteins, and blood immune response of broilers fed with pumpkin seed oil. A total of 480 one-day-old Arian commercial broilers in a 2×3 factorial experiment, with two plant oil ...
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This experiment was performed to investigate the effects of probiotic on productive traits, blood parameters, serum lipoproteins, and blood immune response of broilers fed with pumpkin seed oil. A total of 480 one-day-old Arian commercial broilers in a 2×3 factorial experiment, with two plant oil sources (canola and pumpkin) and three additives (no additive, probiotic and antibiotic) in a completely randomized design with four replicates and 20 chicks per replicate, were randomly distributed among the experimental units. The results showed that probiotic application with plant oil sources had no negative effect on productive traits including relative weight of carcass, breast, thigh, abdominal fat, survival percentage, and feed conversion ratio. The percentage of blood hematocrit in the chicks receiving the additives was lower than the control group (P<0.05). The effect of oil source and additives on other blood parameters including total protein, glucose, and uric acid was not statistically significant. The use of pumpkin (Cucurbita pepo L. convar. pepo var. styriaca) seed oil significantly reduced triglyceride and very-low-density lipoprotein (VLDL), and increased total cholesterol and high-density lipoprotein (HDL) (P<0.05). The effect of oil source on low-density lipoprotein (LDL) was not statistically significant. The lowest levels of triglyceride, total cholesterol, HDL, and VLDL were observed in chicks fed with pumpkin seed oil and virginamycin (P<0.05). The highest amount of triglyceride was observed in chicks fed with canola oil and antibiotics (P<0.05). The effect of oil source and additives on blood immune response and relative weight of lymphoid organs was not statistically significant. Generally, using pumpkin seed oil resulted in a partial improvement in serum lipoproteins. On the other hand, the efficiency of the additives depended on the type of oil (fatty acid profile) used in the diet.
