M. Mohammadi; M. Dini; M. Tavakkoli
Volume 19, Issue 4 , January 2004, , Pages 367-387
Abstract
Gaz-e-Alfi (oak manna) is a valuable by - product of western oak forests especically in northern parts of Zagross . The material has high medicinal and comercial value. The manna is produces on the leave surfaces and yong branches of two species (Quercus infectoria Oliv. and Q. brantii Oliv.) by nymphs ...
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Gaz-e-Alfi (oak manna) is a valuable by - product of western oak forests especically in northern parts of Zagross . The material has high medicinal and comercial value. The manna is produces on the leave surfaces and yong branches of two species (Quercus infectoria Oliv. and Q. brantii Oliv.) by nymphs and adults activithes of two aphids: (Tuberculoides anulatus Hartig and Thelaxes suberi Del.). The material then is sticken as sugar cristalized and used. Production and utilization time of this material is on late spring and sometimes on first atumn. Distribution of host plants and aphids are in west Azarbaijan, Kordestan, Kermanshah and Lorestan provinces, but producer aphids in west Azarbaijan, Kordestan and Lorestan provinces are able to produce manna.
M. Mohammadi; M. Dini
Volume 17, Issue 1 , February 2003, , Pages 75-109
Abstract
The origin of the word of “Manna” has not been satisfactorily explained. Manna is a kind of sugar material produced on young plant organs during some insect activities or reaction of plant mechanical factors or temperature out of plant tissues. These material has high medicinal, nutritional ...
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The origin of the word of “Manna” has not been satisfactorily explained. Manna is a kind of sugar material produced on young plant organs during some insect activities or reaction of plant mechanical factors or temperature out of plant tissues. These material has high medicinal, nutritional and commercial values are accounted as important by-product of Forests and Rangelands in some areas produces and uses. Some plant manna that which have been investigated in national projects titled.
“Investigation and identification of manna sources and production mechanism in Iran” in Tehran and other parts of Iran in the period 1993-2000 which are discussed in this paper include:
1- Gazangabin (Astragal Manna):
It is a manna exudes as white spiral, segmented fibes by Cyamophila dicora Log. (Hom.: Psylidae) nymphs.
2- Shir-Khesht (Cotoneaster Manna):
Occur as sweet, small, grayish-white granules during july and early August on Cotoneaster branches attacked by Scolytus rogulosus Mull. In few days the material sloughs off, which is then collected and mixed with what flour used as laxative.
3- Bid-Khesht (Willow Manna):
A white, sweet fairly hard, manna with delightful smell. This compound is produced on the leaves and young branches of some willow by Tuberolachnus salignus (Gmelin), an aphid of Lachnidae family.
4- Shekar-Tighal (Trehala Manna):
Shekar-tighal is a manna produced on young shoots or leaves of Echinops spp. By the salivary glands of weevils (Larinus spp.) The compound dries and hardens fast following exudation. Several species of weevils of the genus Larinus ave so far been collected and identified as producing agents in Tehran, Fars, Lorestan, Esfahan, Khorassan and East-Azarbaijan provinces, These include: Larinus onopordi L., L. o. var. maculatus Fahr. L. arabicus Cap., L. mellificus and L. vulpes Olive.
5- Gaz-e-Alafi (Oak manna):
Gaz-e-Alafi is a valuable by-product of western oak forests specially in northern parts of Zagross. The manna is produces on the leaves surfaces and young branches of two oak species (Quercus infectoria Oliv. And Q. brantii Oliv.) by nymphs and adults activities of two aphids (Tuberculoides anualatus Harting and Thelaxes suberi Del.). The material then is sticken as sugar crystallized and used. Production and utilization time of this material is on late spring and sometimes on first autumn. Distribution of host plants and aphids are in West-Azarbaijan, Kordestan, Kermanshah and Lorestan provinces, but producer aphids in West-Azarbaijan, Kordestan and Lorestan provinces are able to produce manna.
6- Gaz-e-Shahdad (Tamarisk Manna)
This sweet yellowish-white compound is produced by two species of insects such as; (Euscelis sp. Family Cicadelidae order Homoptera and Tuponia subaltera Drop. Family miridae order Heteroptera) on young branches of Tamarix aphylla.
7- Tarangabin (Camel’s thorn Manna):
Camel’s thorn Manna is a sugar made compound produced by Poophilus nebulosus Family Cercopidae, order Homoptera as a tiny white granules on the end part of Camel’s thorn (alhagi camelorum).
M. Dini; P. Babakkhanlou; M. Mohammadi; M. Gholipour
Volume 12, Issue 1 , May 2002, , Pages 67-85
Abstract
Acording to result of the inverstigation the manna knows as Shekar Tighal is excretion of insect and obtained from the cocoon case of a beetle, larinus spp. This is found on the leaves and stalks of species of Echinops.
The cocoon collected from the Echinops orientalis. E. cephalotes in the North east ...
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Acording to result of the inverstigation the manna knows as Shekar Tighal is excretion of insect and obtained from the cocoon case of a beetle, larinus spp. This is found on the leaves and stalks of species of Echinops.
The cocoon collected from the Echinops orientalis. E. cephalotes in the North east (Ozgol 1750 m), North west (Kohedashteh 1800 m), West (Qazvin 1000 m), and South (parandak 1600 m) in province of Tehran. Species of Larinus in this province is Larinus mellificus (coloptera), (curculionidae).
Distribution in dry sandy places, wast places in hills and mountains.
Altitud of collection area between 1000-2000 m. There are species Echinops leiopolycoras, E.ritrodes and E. spp. In province of Tehran that some of them had no cocoon.
The time for collection sep-oct.
A decoction of Trehala was used to relieve respiratory ailments.
M. Dini; P. Babakhanlou; M. Mohammadi; M. Golipoor
Abstract
Acording to results of the investigation, the manna know as Shir-khest exudes from the branches of two species of cotoneaster (Rosaceae). C. nummularia Fisch & Mey and C. nummularioides Pojark Atraphaxis spinosa L. (Polygonaceae) has no manna in Tehran. Province (even in other places.) The manna ...
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Acording to results of the investigation, the manna know as Shir-khest exudes from the branches of two species of cotoneaster (Rosaceae). C. nummularia Fisch & Mey and C. nummularioides Pojark Atraphaxis spinosa L. (Polygonaceae) has no manna in Tehran. Province (even in other places.) The manna of Shir-khesht collected from the shrubs in kushk-E-BALA village altitude 1900-2200 m (31 Km far from karadj in chalus road.) Shrubs in this area have been attacked by insect of scolytus rugulosus Mull (col. Scolytidae., Scolytinae.) and in other places which also have shrubs but without insect and larva so have no exudation. Larvae of this insect makes tunnel under the skin and destroy cambium then from these sites manna exudes. Exudation concern to humidity and tempereture of the sites, in the end of July to early August the difference of Maximums and Minimus temperatures are significant and high over twenty degree centigrade and in this period precipitation comes near Zero. Shir-khist occurs in small yellowish-white granules about the size of millet seed. During July and early August the branches of the cotoneaster become covered with the exudation, after few days become hard, collect and mixe with flour. it is valued chiefly as medicinal product (pectoral, purgotive.).
