R. Ramezannezhad; M. Aghdasi; M. Fatemi
Abstract
Polyphenol and flavonoid compounds, belonging to the medicinal species of Asteraceae family, have been found as natural antioxidants. Cichoric and chlorogenic acid are two caffeic acid derivatives. These polyphenol components, especially cichoric acid, are the dominant components of Echinacea purpurea ...
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Polyphenol and flavonoid compounds, belonging to the medicinal species of Asteraceae family, have been found as natural antioxidants. Cichoric and chlorogenic acid are two caffeic acid derivatives. These polyphenol components, especially cichoric acid, are the dominant components of Echinacea purpurea L. The general goal of this research was to identify Iranian native sources of cichoric acid, chlorogenicacid and also caffeic acid as their precursor. For this purpose, the roots, stems and leaves of five Iranian native species (Lactuca undulata, Lactuca serriola, Leontodon asperrimus, Cichorium intybus and Sonchus oleraceus) were collected during vegetative and reproductive stages from north eastern of Iran. The seeds of E. purpurea were purchased and cultured in greenhouse conditions. The results revealed that the highest amount of cichoric (3.6 mg/g DW) and caffeic acid (28.8 mg/g DW) was observed in E. purpurea roots during vegetative and reproductive stages, respectively. Among Iranian native species, L.undulata stems and L.asperrimus roots had the highest content of cichoric (2.3 mg/g DW) and chlorogenic acid (8.08 mg/g DW) in reproductive and vegetative stages, respectively. The highest antioxidant activity was found in E. purpurea roots during reproductive stage. The lowest level of IC50 was found in E.purpurea roots at reproductive stage. It seems that L. undulata and L. asperrimus could be suitable sources for cichoric, chlorogenic and caffeic acid, compared to other Iranian native species.
M. Mofid Bojnoordi; M. Aghdasi; M. Mianabadi; M. Nadaf
Abstract
Ephedra, belonging to the Ephedraceae family of gymnosperms, is a dioecious shrub, which has different medicinal properties. The purpose of this study was to compare some secondary metabolites of male and female stems of Ephedra major during August to October months. The male and female samples were ...
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Ephedra, belonging to the Ephedraceae family of gymnosperms, is a dioecious shrub, which has different medicinal properties. The purpose of this study was to compare some secondary metabolites of male and female stems of Ephedra major during August to October months. The male and female samples were collected from Bojnoord highlands and then were dried. The methanolic extract was separated by solvent method and total alkaloid, ephedrine, total phenol, total flavonoid and tannin levels were measured in collected samples. The measurement of total alkaloid and ephedrine content showed significant difference between male and female stems during different months. The highest amount of total alkaloid was obtained in samples collected from male stem during October month. While, the highest level of ephedrine was observed in samples collected in both male and female stems during August month. The data from HPLC analysis showed that ephedrine content ranged from 1.5 to 1.99 mg/g dry weight. Meanwhile, total phenol, total flavonoid and total tannin content ranged from 31.5-41.13, 3.51-5.81 and 15.57-24.46 mg/g dry weight, respectively. The obtained results revealed that there was significant difference between male and female stems in total phenol just in October, total flavonoid in September and October, and total tannin in August and September.
H. Kordi; M. Aghdasi; M. Khalafi
Abstract
Silybum marianum L. is an annual or biannual herbaceous species from Asteraceae which is important in medicinal industry. The main components of this species are various flavonolignans consisting of silibinin, isosilibinin, silychristin, silydianin and taxifolin that are known as silymarin. This species ...
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Silybum marianum L. is an annual or biannual herbaceous species from Asteraceae which is important in medicinal industry. The main components of this species are various flavonolignans consisting of silibinin, isosilibinin, silychristin, silydianin and taxifolin that are known as silymarin. This species is used in treatment of heart diseases, diabetes, blood cholesterol, liver diseases (jaundice, cirrhosis and hepatitis), and gallbladder disease. In this research, different organs of Silybum marianum (young and old leaves, stem, root, inflorescence and seeds) were separately collected during the different months in the Gorgan region and then total flavonoid, silymarin content, and the amount of silymarin components were measured by HPLC method. Our results showed that the highest amounts of total flavonoid were observed in the seed and inflorescence samples and then in the stem samples. Meanwhile the effect of time on flavonoid content and also the effect of sampling month and organ factors on flavonoid content were significant. Data from the HPLC analyses revealed that the silymarin compositions, observed in this study, were similar and the main difference among samples was the amount of silymarin composition. The highest amount of silydianin was observed in the stem sample; however the amount of other components were higher in the seed sample. According to the results, Gorgan is a suitable region for the cultivation of Silybium marinum and since the stem of this species contain significant amounts of silymarin, it could be considered as an optimal source of the production of pharmaceutical substances.
