B Mirshekari; F. Farahvash
Abstract
In order to achieve the best irrigation and nitrogen fertilizing management in fennel (Foeniculum vulgare Mill.), a split factorial arrangement in a randomized complete block design was conducted on Isfahan local variety under semi-arid conditions, in Tabriz during 2008. Three factors included irrigation ...
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In order to achieve the best irrigation and nitrogen fertilizing management in fennel (Foeniculum vulgare Mill.), a split factorial arrangement in a randomized complete block design was conducted on Isfahan local variety under semi-arid conditions, in Tabriz during 2008. Three factors included irrigation time (90, 120, 150 mm evaporation from pan) as main plot and combination of urea dose (100, 150, 200 kgha-1) and split application of urea (100% at planting time, 50%: 50% at planting and stem elongation times, respectively, 25%: 50%: 25% at planting, stem elongation and flowering times, respectively) were applied as sub plot. The results indicated that with delaying in irrigation time from 90 to 120 mm evaporation from pan, the number of umbels per plant of fennel decreased up to 22.5%. The highest seed yield and essence percentage (880 kgha-1 and 3.66%, respectively) obtained from treatment with 150 kgha-1 urea application and irrigation of 150 mm evaporation from pan. Equally split application of urea at planting and stem elongation times could improve seed yield of fennel up to 17%, as compared with two other urea splitting levels. Seed essence percentage was not affected by split application of urea. Effect of three studied factors on essence yield was significant. When fennel plants were fertilized with 150 kgha-1 urea and irrigated after 120 mm evaporation from pan, seed essence yield was the highest (32 Lha-1), and this increase was 43% compared with the lowest essence yield treatment. According to the results, irrigation time of 120 mm evaporation from pan and applying 150 kgha-1 urea in two splits at planting and stem elongation times are recommended for fennel production.
B. Mirshekari
Abstract
In order to study the effects of irrigation time and nitrogen fertilizer on growth period, essential oil and chamazulene yield of German chamomile (Matricaria chamomilla L.), Bodegold variety, an experiment was conducted in a cold and semi-arid region, Tabriz, Iran, as split factorial with irrigation ...
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In order to study the effects of irrigation time and nitrogen fertilizer on growth period, essential oil and chamazulene yield of German chamomile (Matricaria chamomilla L.), Bodegold variety, an experiment was conducted in a cold and semi-arid region, Tabriz, Iran, as split factorial with irrigation times (after 60, 120, 180 mm evaporation from pan), urea rates (50, 100, 150 kg ha-1, equivalent with 23, 46 and 69 kg ha-1 pure nitrogen) and urea splitting (100% in planting time, equally in planting and stem elongation stages, 25%:50%: 25% in planting, stem elongation and early flowering stages). Analysis of flower essential oil was done by GC/MS. Results showed that emergence of flower bud in treatments irrigated after 180 and 60 mm evaporation from pan, happened after 70 and 78 days respectively. Increasing of urea application delayed full flowering of chamomile. Delay in irrigation from 60 to 120 mm evaporation reduced dry flower yield up to 2.3%. Application of nitrogen fertilizer at two stages of planting and stem elongation increased flower yield up to 351 kg ha-1. Shoot dry weight of chamomile increased from 76 g m-2 in the third level of irrigation to 126 g m-2 in average of first and second levels of irrigation. The highest essential oil yield (2.82 l ha-1) was obtained when urea was equally applied at planting and stem elongation stages. After applying 50, 100 and 150 kg ha-1 urea, chamazulene content was respectively calculated as 0.31, 0.44 and 0.36 l ha-1. According to the results, for chamomile cultivation in this region and also other similar areas it is recommended that irrigation is done after 120 mm evaporation from pan and 46 kg ha-1 nitrogen is equally applied at planting and stem elongation stages.
B. Mirshekari; H. Asadi Rahmani; A. Mirmozafari Rodsari
Abstract
In order to study the effects of seed inoculation with Azospirillum strains and coating with microelements on seed and essential oil yield of cumin (Cuminum cyminum L.) an experiment was conducted at research field of agricultural faculty of Islamic Azad University of Tabriz. Studied factors were Azospirillum ...
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In order to study the effects of seed inoculation with Azospirillum strains and coating with microelements on seed and essential oil yield of cumin (Cuminum cyminum L.) an experiment was conducted at research field of agricultural faculty of Islamic Azad University of Tabriz. Studied factors were Azospirillum strains (lipoferum, brasilense, irakense, strain of and strain 21) included seed coating with microelements and no-coating seeds. Factorial experiment was arranged based on randomized complete block design. Results indicated that, when seeds were inoculated with Azospirillum, strain 21, umbel number per plant increased 11 umbel, compared with control. The lowest thousand seed weight obtained from treatment that seeds no-inoculated and no-coated. Seed yield was the highest (571 kg ha-1), when seeds were both inoculated with strain 21 and coated with microelements, and this value was twice more than the treatment of those seeds only inoculated with Azospirillum strains. When seeds were coated with microelements, yield increased to 147 kg ha-1 (based on averaged Azospirillum strains) compared to non-coated seeds. Essential oil yield of cumin ranged from 17.2 kg ha-1 in treatment of seed inoculation with Azospirillum, strain 21×seed coating with microelements to 2.56 kg ha-1 in control sample. Difference between seed and Essential oil yield of cumin was not significant, when those seeds coated with microelements were inoculated with strain 21 and strain of. In cumin planting seeds coating with microelements and inoculation with Azospirillum, strain 21 or strain of is recommended.
