Agriculture and horticulture
niloufar Rezaei; Fatemeh Sefidkon; hassan ali naghdibadi
Abstract
The cultivation of medicinal plants such as the Lamiaceae family increasing throughout the world Significantly. Savory considers as an important species in this family which it’s important is due to carvacrol and thymol in essential oil. In order to investigate the effect of planting density ...
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The cultivation of medicinal plants such as the Lamiaceae family increasing throughout the world Significantly. Savory considers as an important species in this family which it’s important is due to carvacrol and thymol in essential oil. In order to investigate the effect of planting density and soil fertility on the physiological traits and antioxidant enzymes activity of savory under rainfed conditions, an experiment in the form of split plots with two factors, fertilizer as the main factor at three levels (control, 30 tons/ha cow manure and 10 tons/ha straw enriched with ammonium sulfate) and the sub-factor, plant density at three levels (2.67, 4 and 8 plants/m2) in the form of a complete block design A random experiment was conducted at Hamand Absard research station (Damavand) in 2017-18 and 2018-19. The analysis of variance showed a significant effect of planting density and organic fertilizers on the physiological traits of savory. The highest RWC (%87.67) and the lowest ELI (%47.19) were observed in the cow manure treatment with 30 tons/ha at a density of 2.67 plant/m2. As the density increased, total chlorophyll and RWC decreased and ELI and MDA and proline increased. Cow manure and straw increased total chlorophyll, proline and RWC and decreased ELI and MDA. The highest activity of CAT, peroxidase and SOD enzyme was obtained in the control treatment and 8 plant/m2 and the lowest in organic fertilizer treatment, 2.67 plant/m2. Increasing the activity of these enzymes to neutralize the reactive oxygen species produced due to water stress is known as a resistance mechanism in plants. Based on the results of this research, it can be said that savory has the ability to grow in rain-fed conditions and has the necessary potential to increase the antioxidant capacity in rainfed conditions.
Improvement and breeding
M. Momeni; A. Ghasemi Pirbalouti; A. Mousavi; H.A. Naghdibadi
Abstract
Background and objectives: Thymbra spicata L. belongs to the Lamiaceae family and is a rich source of aromatic compounds and essential oils. This research was conducted to study the effect of salicylic acid and chitosan elicitors on the growth indicators and DXR gene expression in T. spicata L. under ...
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Background and objectives: Thymbra spicata L. belongs to the Lamiaceae family and is a rich source of aromatic compounds and essential oils. This research was conducted to study the effect of salicylic acid and chitosan elicitors on the growth indicators and DXR gene expression in T. spicata L. under different levels of irrigation towards enhancing the performance of this medicinal plant in experimental pots in a greenhouse in Ilam province during 2017-18.Methodology: A factorial design was used with 15 treatments and three replications in a completely randomized study. Irrigation regimes at three levels of normal (A₁), 70% of field capacity (A₂), 40% of field capacity (A₃), and foliar spraying at five levels, including control (B₁), chitosan at concentrations of 0.5 g.l-1 (B₂) and 1 g.l-1 (B₃), salicylic acid foliar spraying at concentrations of 2.5 mM (B₄) and 5.0 mM (B₅) were used at the 10-12 leaf stage. To prepare chitosan and salicylic acid elicitors, the powders were dissolved in 5% acetic acid and then adjusted to desired concentrations with ddH2O. Irrigation regimes were applied three months after cultivation (15-20 cm seedlings). To apply the elicitors simultaneously with the water stress treatment, foliar spraying was done three times at ten-day intervals. Quantitative RT-PCR was used to investigate the expression changes of the DXR gene, which is one of the key genes in the carvacrol biosynthesis pathway. In this regard, total RNA was extracted, and cDNA was synthesized after assessment of its quantity and quality. With the aid of specific primers, the target sequence was amplified. Furthermore, using the GAPDH reference gene reported in Hyssop thyme, the gene expression level was investigated through the relative quantification method. The method of difference in cycle threshold (2-∆∆CT) and Relative Expression Software Tool (REST) were used to analyze the data.Results: The analysis of the variance table showed the effect of different levels of irrigation on all quantitative growth indices, including plant height, root length, number of main branches, root fresh and dry weight, leaf fresh weight, stem fresh and dry weight, except leaf dry weight, were significant (p<0.01). The interactive effect of low irrigation and foliar spray of salicylic acid and chitosan on root fresh weight, leaf fresh weight, and stem fresh weight was significant at 1%. Accordingly, the interaction effect of irrigation and foliar spraying on the dry weight of the stem was significant at the 5% probability level. The results showed that the interactive effect of irrigation and foliar spray on leaf dry weight, number of main branches, and root length was insignificant. In this study, DXR gene expression did not show many changes after applying two different levels of chitosan (0.5 and 1.0 g.l-1). In contrast, salicylic acid treatment with 2.5 mM was significant at 1% probability and caused an increase in gene expression. The transcript level of this gene increased 29.72 times after applying 5.0 mM of this solution, which was significant at the 1% level. The amount of low irrigation decreased this gene's expression.Conclusion: Based on the obtained data, the normal irrigation method is the most suitable for hyssop thyme plants regarding their growth indicators. Foliar spraying of chitosan at different levels did not significantly affect growth indices and DXR gene expression. At the same time, salicylic acid increased them in this species. As a result, salicylic acid elicitor can increase carvacrol yield and biosynthesis.
Phytochemistry (extraction, identification and measurement of active components)
V. Abdossi; B. Tavakoli; A. Mehrafarin; H.A. Naghdibadi
Abstract
To evaluate the quantitative and qualitative characteristics of Echinophora platyloba DC. under the influence of different drying methods, an experiment was conducted in a completely randomized design with 12 treatments and three replications in 2019. The experimental treatments included fresh plant, ...
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To evaluate the quantitative and qualitative characteristics of Echinophora platyloba DC. under the influence of different drying methods, an experiment was conducted in a completely randomized design with 12 treatments and three replications in 2019. The experimental treatments included fresh plant, drying the plant in the shade and sun, drying the plant with an oven at three temperatures of 45, 55, and 65 °C, drying the plant with a vacuum oven at three temperatures of 45, 55, and 65 °C, and drying the plant with a microwave at three powers of 200, 400, and 600 W. The aerial parts of the plant was collected from the heights of Tuyserkan city in Hamedan province in June and was affected by the different drying methods. The essential oil was extracted by Clevenger apparatus and then its components were identified by GC-MS. The findings of this study showed that the different methods of plant drying had a significant effect on the percentage and all the components of essential oil. The microwave drying method at 400 W, despite not being suitable for preserving the secondary metabolites of the plant, caused the highest essential oil content. The shade-drying method, despite the long drying time, was the most suitable method for preserving the essential oil composition in E. platyloba. The essential oil percentage in this study ranged from 0.06% to 0.39% and the main essential oil constituents included trans-β-ocimene (34.16-57.52%), α-phellandrene (8.87-16.52%), cis-ocimene (1.69-4.57%), b-phellandrene (2.08-9.24%), p < /em>-cymene (1.53-5.05%), β-pinene (0.73-1.94%), a-pinene (1.83-5.15%), veloutone (0.39-3.78%), trans-carveol (0.38-1.92%), linalool (0.72-3.57%), and germacrene-D (1.67-4.91%).
S.M. Razavi Nia; M. Aghaalikhani; H.A. Naghdi Badi
Abstract
The main objective of this research was to investigate the effects of different application rates of vermicompost and chemical fertilizer on qualitative and quantitative performance of purple coneflower (Echinacea purpurea L.). A field experiment was conducted at Research Field of Tarbiat Modares University ...
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The main objective of this research was to investigate the effects of different application rates of vermicompost and chemical fertilizer on qualitative and quantitative performance of purple coneflower (Echinacea purpurea L.). A field experiment was conducted at Research Field of Tarbiat Modares University during the growing season of 2009-2010. The experiment was arranged as a factorial in a randomized complete block design with three replicates. There were 12 treatments consisting of three chemical fertilizer levels (no fertilizer application, 75 kg nitrogen/ha as urea form + 3000ppm micronutrient fertilizer/ha, and 150kg nitrogen/ha as urea form + 6000ppm micronutrient fertilizer/ha) and four vermicompost levels (0, 2, 4, and 6 ton ha-1). Results showed that vermicompost had significant effects on dry weights of stem, flower, root, total biological yield, number of flowers per plant and SPAD value. In addition, the interaction between chemical fertilizer and vermicompost was significant for root dry weight, 100 flowers dry weight and plant height. The application of 4 ton vermicompost ha-1 without chemical fertilizer resulted in the highest values of stem dry weight, flower dry weight, number of flowers per plant and plant height. The highest root dry weight and total biological yield was obtained by applying 2.94 and 3.59 ton vermicompost ha-1, respectively. There were not significant chemical fertilizer differences on all measured traits. None of the experimental factors showed significant influences on total phenolic compounds in different plant organs. According to results of this experiment, organic fertilizer (vermicompost) could be introduced as a suitable alternative to the use of chemical fertilizer in purple coneflower cultivation.
A. Riazi; N. Majnoun Hosseini; H.A. Naghdi Badi; M.R. Naghavi; Sh. Rezazadeh
Abstract
Hypericin and hyperforin compounds are considered as the main active constituents of Hypericum perforatum L. In this research, phytochemical variations of 25 St. John’s Wort populations in Iran’s natural habitats were investigated. Plants were sampled randomly at the full flowering stage ...
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Hypericin and hyperforin compounds are considered as the main active constituents of Hypericum perforatum L. In this research, phytochemical variations of 25 St. John’s Wort populations in Iran’s natural habitats were investigated. Plants were sampled randomly at the full flowering stage from Golestan, Mazandaran, Gilan, East Azerbaijan, West Azerbaijan, Ardabil, Kurdistan, Hamedan, Kohgiloyeh and Boyr-Ahmad, Qazvin, Zanjan, Khorasan and Tehran provinces during the spring and summer of 2010. Results indicated that the differences in the amounts of hypericin and hyperforin of leaf and flower tissues were found to be significant among populations (P<0.05). Flower tissues had more hypericin and hyperforin amounts as compared to leaf tissues. The amount of hyperforin in both tissues was higher than that of hypericin significantly. Simple correlation analysis showed positive significant correlations between leaf hypericin with dark and light glands density on the leaf and light glands density on the leaf surface area as well as positive significant correlation between leaf hyperforin and leaf hypericin. The principal components analysis indicated that the two components explained 66% of the total variance. The cluster analysis divided these populations into three groups with no consistency in their geographical distribution. In conclusion, the results indicated high variations of phytochemical characters among St. John’s Wort populations in Iran’s natural habitats, which can be utilized in the breeding programs.
F. Shekari; A. Mehrafarin; H.A. Naghdi Badi; R. Hajiaghaei
Abstract
The use of bio-stimulators is very important in getting better quality and plant performance sustainability. Therefore, a study was conducted on Plantago psyllium L. at research field of the Institute of Medicinal Plants, ACECR in 2011 on the basis of Complete Randomized Blocks Design with 10 treatments ...
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The use of bio-stimulators is very important in getting better quality and plant performance sustainability. Therefore, a study was conducted on Plantago psyllium L. at research field of the Institute of Medicinal Plants, ACECR in 2011 on the basis of Complete Randomized Blocks Design with 10 treatments and three replications. The treatments were included bio-stimulators including Kadostim, Fosnutren, Humiforte and Aminolforte in two levels of 0.75 and 1.5 L.ha-1, chemical fertilizer (70 kg.ha-1) and control (without bio-stimulators and fertilizer). Results showed that the treatments had significant effect on number of axillary shoots, number of spikes per plant, number of seeds per plant, 1000- grain weight and seed yield (p<0.01), plant height, spike width, number of seeds per spike and shoot dry yield (p<0.05). However, the study treatments had no significant effect on spike length. The maximum plant height, number of axilliary shoots and shoot dry yield were obtained in Kadostim 1.5 L.ha-1. The maximum spike width and number of seeds per spike were achieved by Fosnutren 1.5 L.ha-1. The highest 1000-grain weight was recorded in treatments of Kadostim and Fosnutren 1.5 L.ha-1 and the maximum number of spikes per plant and seeds per spike were observed in treatment of chemical fertilizer. The maximum and minimum seed yield (445 and 149 kg.ha-1, respectively) was achieved by treatment of Fosnutren 0.75 L.ha-1 and Humiforte 0.75 L.ha-1, respectively. Our results clearly showed that the consumption of chemical fertilizers could be reduced by using bio-stimulators as an attempt towards sustainable agriculture and reducing environmental pollution.
M. Makkizadeh Tafti; R. Tavakol Afshari; N. Majnoon Hosseini; H.A. Naghdi Badi
Volume 24, Issue 3 , November 2008, , Pages 253-262
Abstract
This study has been conducted in two experiments in order to evaluate salinity tolerance and absorption of salt by Borage (Borago officinalis L.).In first experiment, the effect of salinity on qualitative and quantitative yield of Borage was studied. The treatments were water salinity (Control, 4, 8 ...
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This study has been conducted in two experiments in order to evaluate salinity tolerance and absorption of salt by Borage (Borago officinalis L.).In first experiment, the effect of salinity on qualitative and quantitative yield of Borage was studied. The treatments were water salinity (Control, 4, 8 and 12 dS/m²).The measured parameters were: quantitative yields (percentage of germination, dry and fresh weight of root, stem and florescence, Root/shoot, height and number of flower and leaf per plant) and qualitative yields (content of mucilage, total ash, Na, Cl, Mg, Ca and K in plant tissues). The results indicated that salinity increased content of Na, Cl and total ash in plant tissues. The salinity reduced height, germination percentage, number of flower and content of mucilage, Ca and K. Because of high content of mucilage in plant tissue and stability of yield under salinity conditions, it can be deduced that borage is tolerant to salinity (to 12 dS/m²). High content of Na, Cl, total ash and mucilage is related to accumulation of solutes for osmoregulation that can be used as an index for salinity tolerance in Borage. Second experiment has been conducted to study the absorption of salt by Borage. Measured parameters were Na, Cl, Mg, K and Ca content in soil at pre and post planting of borage. The results indicated that content of Na, Cl, Mg and Ca reduced in soil after planting borage. Regarding the results of this study, it can be suggested that borage can uptake salt from soil and accumulate harmful ions in its plant tissues. Therefore it can be introduced for improvement of saline and sodic soils.
M. Makkizadeh Tafti; R. Tavakol Afshari; N. Majnoon Hosseini; H.A. Naghdi Badi; A. Mehdizadeh
Volume 22, Issue 3 , November 2006, , Pages 216-222
Abstract
In this experiment, the effect of osmopriming on germination percentage and mean time for germination (MTG) of Borage (Borago officinalis L.) seeds was studied. This study had been conducted at Agronomy Department of Tehran University-Karaj during 2004 in four replications in factorial experiment on ...
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In this experiment, the effect of osmopriming on germination percentage and mean time for germination (MTG) of Borage (Borago officinalis L.) seeds was studied. This study had been conducted at Agronomy Department of Tehran University-Karaj during 2004 in four replications in factorial experiment on the base of randomized complete design. The treatments were osmotic potential of polyethylene glycol (PEG) with four levels (Control, -4, -8 and -12 bar) and priming duration with three levels (24, 48 and 72 h). The results indicated that osmotic potential of PEG had significant effect on germination percentage and mean time for germination. According to the results, the highest percentage was in -8 bar concentration. Also priming duration didn’t affect the percentage of germination and mean time for germination. The results indicated that the interaction of osmotic potential and duration was not significant.
M. Makkizadeh; R. Farhoudi; H. Naghdi badi; A. Mehdizadeh
Abstract
This study has been conducted to overcoming seed dormancy of Rubia tinctourum L., Echinacea angustifolia D.C. and Myrtus communis L.. Treatments to break seed dormancy in Rubia tinctourum included: untreated seed (control), mechanical scarification with sandpaper, imbibitions in hot water at 70°C ...
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This study has been conducted to overcoming seed dormancy of Rubia tinctourum L., Echinacea angustifolia D.C. and Myrtus communis L.. Treatments to break seed dormancy in Rubia tinctourum included: untreated seed (control), mechanical scarification with sandpaper, imbibitions in hot water at 70°C and 90°C for 5 and 10 minutes, chemical scarification with concentrated sulfuric acid for 10, 15 or 20 minutes, pre-chilling (4°C) for 2, 4 or 6 weeks, soaking in gibberellic acid (500ppm) and continuous light. Treatments to break seed dormancy in Echinacea angustifolia included: untreated seed (control), soaking in gibberellic acid (250 and 500 ppm), continuous light, Potassium Nitrate (0/3%), pre-chilling (4°C) for 4, 7 or 10 weeks, continuous light and combined treatment (soaking in gibberellic acid (250ppm) and pre-chilling for 4 week). Treatments to break seed dormancy in Myrtus communis included: untreated seed (control), mechanical scarification with blade and sandpaper, chemical scarification with concentrated sulfuric acid for 3 minutes, pre-chilling (4°C) for 7 or 10 weeks and soaking in gibberellic acid (250 and 500ppm). According to results in R. tinctourum, sulfuric acid for 15 minutes was significantly efficient in promoting germination. From the above one can infer that dormancy of the seeds of R. tinctourum was probably associated with the seeds coat, since the treatment that induce germination were those that can effect disruption of the seed coat. This experiment also showed that combined treatment significantly increased E. angustifolia seed germination. As stratification and GA3 had main role on breaking of seed dormancy so it is known that dormancy is physiological and it is related to embryo and inhibitor factor or both of them. Results indicated that germination of M. communis seeds mechanically scratched with blade significantly increased. So, reason of seed dormancy is hard coated seeds. The seed coat is as one physical barrier against growth of embryo or radicle that inhibits in absorption of water and gas-exchanges. Therefore, type of dormancy is initial dormancy (induced dormancy).
H. Naghdi Badi; A. Haghiry; M. Makkizadeh; M. Ahvazi; K. Baghalian
Abstract
The introduction of new species is one method of agricultural development in each region. In this order, seeds of exotic medicinal species were imported from foreign research centers and a research program has been conducted in the field of Medicinal Plants Institute- ACECR in karaj-Iran along 1999-2004. ...
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The introduction of new species is one method of agricultural development in each region. In this order, seeds of exotic medicinal species were imported from foreign research centers and a research program has been conducted in the field of Medicinal Plants Institute- ACECR in karaj-Iran along 1999-2004. The possibility of production was evaluated via study of their phonological stages f cultivated plants. Of course, selection of species was on the base of parameters such as medicinal properties and their active constituents, which sited in scientific references. The seeds of plants which need to indirect cultivation were planted in greenhouse at February and then seedlings transplanted to field in spring. The other seeds were planted directly in spring at the field. The results showed that 33 exotic species had good performance in direct of their growth & development characters which can be indicated to production potential of these species at karaj ecological conditions. In this study, it is determined that some of medicinal species which are valuable in herbal medicine have high performance for studied conditions such as Echinacea purpurea, Thymus vulgaris, Lavandula angustifolia, Saponaria officinalis, Valeriana officinalis, Tanacetum parthenium, Chrisanthemum cinerarifolium and so on.
