F. Khatami; F. Ghanati
Abstract
It has been widely accepted that the increase of atmospheric pollutants and depletion of ozone, are the main causes for the increase of ultraviolet radiation on the earth. In the present study, the effects of UV-B and UV-C on of Malva neglecta calli were investigated. Besides mocuza whose wound healing ...
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It has been widely accepted that the increase of atmospheric pollutants and depletion of ozone, are the main causes for the increase of ultraviolet radiation on the earth. In the present study, the effects of UV-B and UV-C on of Malva neglecta calli were investigated. Besides mocuza whose wound healing effects is well known,the plant contains different flavonoides and anthocyanins which are known as good antioxidant and UV protectants as well. Explants from leaves were surface-sterilized and cultured on a modified B5 medium. After 7 days, the calli were emerged and were subcultured every 10 days. After 11 subcultures, the calli were exposed to different doses of UV irradiation as follows: 144, 288, 432, 576, 720, 864, 1296, and 1728 j/m2 for UV-B and 204, 408, 612, 816, 1020, 1284, 1836, and 2448 j/m2 for UV-C. The results showed that the flavonoids and anthocyanins contents (UV absorbing compounds) were increased significantly, compared with the control cells. The levels of apigenin and delphinidin in Malva neglecta cells decreased after exposure to UV-B and UV-C compared to the control calli. Malvidin increased in UV-B and UV-C exposed Malva neglecta cells. In addition, membrane lipid peroxidation increased by longer exposure to UV-C and UV-B, compared to the control cells. The results suggest that the effects of UV-B and UV-C on flavonoids and anthocyanins contents of callus-cultured Malva neglecta cells are not identical and therefore they should be differentially suggested as tools for increase of desigred components.
F. Ghanati; Z. Ahmadi; P. Abdolmaleki
Volume 22, Issue 4 , February 2007, , Pages 315-331
Abstract
The increase of atmospheric pollutants and depletion of ozone, are subsequently the main causes for the increase of ultraviolet radiation on the earth. In the present research the effect of ultraviolet C (100-280 nm) on the content of some of the biochemical compounds and growth parameters of Aloe vera ...
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The increase of atmospheric pollutants and depletion of ozone, are subsequently the main causes for the increase of ultraviolet radiation on the earth. In the present research the effect of ultraviolet C (100-280 nm) on the content of some of the biochemical compounds and growth parameters of Aloe vera L. were examined. According to the results, exposure to ultraviolet C decreased both longitudinal and expansion growth, as well as the size of mesophyll layers of aloe leaves, but increased the thickness of cuticle layer. The histochemical methods also showed that phenolic compounds in the cell walls of those plants which were exposed to ultraviolet irradiation were deposited more esterified to the wall polysaccharides rather than being polymerized compared to those of the non-exposed plants. The content of the ultraviolet-absorbing compounds (i.e., anthocyanins and flavonoids) of UV-exposed plants were also changed. Increase of flavonoids and anthocyanins in these plants, may be related to defensive strategy of these compounds against irradiation.
E. Rajabbeigi; F. Ghanati; F. Sefidkon; P. Abdolmaleki
Volume 22, Issue 4 , February 2007, , Pages 341-350
Abstract
The effects of electromagnetic field (1 kHz) on the growth and the amounts and composition of essential oils of sweet basil (Ocimum basilicum) were studied. Basil plants were exposed to the electromagnetic field for 6 days, each 5 hours, discontinuously. Compared to the control plants, the growth of ...
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The effects of electromagnetic field (1 kHz) on the growth and the amounts and composition of essential oils of sweet basil (Ocimum basilicum) were studied. Basil plants were exposed to the electromagnetic field for 6 days, each 5 hours, discontinuously. Compared to the control plants, the growth of treated plants and their essential oils were decreased. This may be resulted from decrease in the activity of certain enzymes involved in the essential oil biosynthesis pathway. Methyl chavicol, geraniol, and nerol were three major components of essential oil of basil. Treatment with electromagnetic field, however, increased the content of methyl chavicol, suggesting an increase in the activity of chavicol-o-methyl transferase. This in return, suggests that the electromagnetic field can effect on the metabolism of essential oils indirectly i.e., through enzymatic proteins such as chavicol-o-methyl transferase. The results of the present study indicate that the electromagnetic field can be considered as a tool to increase methyl chavicol and probably other medicinal compounds in the desired plants.
S. Esmaeilzadeh; H. Zare-maivan; F. Ghanati
Abstract
Mycorrhizae are symbiotic associations that form between the roots of most plants species and fungi.Mycorrhizal symbiosis increase the resistence of plants against damaging agents of plants like drough and salinity stress.also increase biomas and as result it is effective in sustainability and extention ...
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Mycorrhizae are symbiotic associations that form between the roots of most plants species and fungi.Mycorrhizal symbiosis increase the resistence of plants against damaging agents of plants like drough and salinity stress.also increase biomas and as result it is effective in sustainability and extention of the plantsin most of ecosystems. TandourehNational park with 73435 hectares is located in dry locality of the north of khorassan. The natural characteristics and climatic differences between the lowlands and the heights of this park results in variety and distribution of its plants.because about 30 persent plants of park are medicinal and forms a larg part of plant population of Tandoreh Park, the study of Mycorrhizal distribution of the plants for constant extention is necessary. In this research, complete soil and plant samples was collected in 8 station in spring and summer from 26platt(10 x10). soil samples were taken from the top 30Cm.after transforming the samples to laboratory, the fragile roots of the plants were separated and coded. some root pieces were used for preparing longitudinal sections manually and were stained with lactophenol cotton blue followingestablished botanical staining procedures. soil samples were used to isolate Mycorrhizal spore and sprocarps.by sucerose centrifugation method. Results of this study showed that there were 54 vasular plantspecies,which 18 species were medicine plantsThe most persent of medicinal plants are in following familes Gramineae, Labiatae, Crucifereae, Compositeae. Species of Glomus contributed to the mycorrhizal symbiosis. Mycorrhizal association in the medicinal plant communities characterizes the importance of such symbiotic relationship in sustainable development and explotation of plant resources.
