Agriculture and horticulture
A. Ghanbari Odivi; S. Fallah; M. Karimi; Z. Lori Gooini
Abstract
To evaluate the response of Dracocephalum kotschyi Boiss. production to the livestock and chemical fertilizers, an experiment was conducted as a split plot with three replications in 2018 and 2019. The experimental treatments included the control (without fertilizer), chemical fertilizer, and different ...
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To evaluate the response of Dracocephalum kotschyi Boiss. production to the livestock and chemical fertilizers, an experiment was conducted as a split plot with three replications in 2018 and 2019. The experimental treatments included the control (without fertilizer), chemical fertilizer, and different levels (100, 143, and 250 kg nitrogen ha-1) of poultry (PM100, PM143, and PM250), sheep (SM100, SM143, and SM250), and cattle (CM100, CM143, and CM250) manures. The traits including photosynthetic pigments, leaf area index, plant biomass, and percentage and essential oil yield were investigated. The effects of fertilizer, cutting, and the interaction of fertilizer and cutting were significant on all the triats. In the first cutting, the PM250 treatment produced more photosynthetic pigments than the chemical fertilizer. Also, the SM100 and CM100 treatments caused higher chlorophyll a and total chlorophyll compared to the chemical fertilizer. In the second cutting, the average photosynthetic pigments in the manure treatments were not superior to the chemical fertilizer. In the first cutting, the high level of livestock manures had a higher leaf area index compared to the chemical fertilizer, but in the second cutting, the medium and high levels of poultry manure and high level of sheep manure showed this superiority. In the first cutting, the all livestock manures treatments except CM100 produced the plant biomass similar to the chemical fertilizer, but in the second cutting, the PM143 treatment produced higher biomass compared to the chemical fertilizer. In the first cutting, the essential oil content of SM250 treatment was significantly superior to the chemical fertilizer. In the first cutting, the highest essential oil yield was obtained with the high level of livestock manures, but in the second cutting, there was no significant difference between the essential oil yield of different livestock manures levels and chemical fertilizer. In general, it could be concluded that the high level of poultry manure is a desirable alternative to the chemical fertilizer in D. kotschyi cultivation by creating the favorable conditions for the plant growth.
M. Rostaei; S. Fallah; A. Abbasi Sorki; A. Tadayon
Abstract
Organic manure can be used as an alternative for chemical fertilizers in sustainable agriculture. Hence, compared with sole cropping systems, intercropping is a promising approach for crop production due to the lesser reliance on chemical fertilizer. In order to evaluate the effects of intercropping ...
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Organic manure can be used as an alternative for chemical fertilizers in sustainable agriculture. Hence, compared with sole cropping systems, intercropping is a promising approach for crop production due to the lesser reliance on chemical fertilizer. In order to evaluate the effects of intercropping on yield and essential oil of dill (Anethum graveolens L.) under organic manure and chemical fertilizers, a factorial experiment was conducted in a randomized complete block design with three replications at Shahrekord University research farm in 2016. Sole cropping of soybean (S) and dill (D) accompanied by three intercropping ratios of them (S:D 2:1, S:D 1:1, and S:D 1:2) were evaluated as the first factor, and two sources of fertilizer (chemical fertilizer, and broiler litter) as the second factor. The results showed that the highest dry matter yield of dill (1001.48 kg ha-1) and essential oil yield of dill (18.47 kg ha-1) was observed in the one-row dill + two-row soybean. The maximum essential oil percentage of dill (2.64%) was achieved in sole crop under organic manure. The highest pod/ plant (47.50) and seed yield of soybean (2192 kg ha-1) were dedicated to the two-row dill+one-row soybean under organic manure. The maximum land equivalent ratio (1.19) was achieved in treatment of one-row dill + two-row soybean under organic manure. According to the results, treatment of one-row dill + two-row soybean under organic manure had the highest land equivalent ratio, and produced a large amount of dill essential oil; therefore, it was considered as the superior treatment.
M. Nekookhoo; S. Fallah
Abstract
Hull-less seed pumpkin (Cucurbita pepo L.) is an important medicinal plant and its seed and byproducts are used in the treatment of many diseases. Production of this plant uses a lot of water and nitrogen. Plastic mulch application may reduce the water and nitrogen requirements. Therefore, an experiment ...
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Hull-less seed pumpkin (Cucurbita pepo L.) is an important medicinal plant and its seed and byproducts are used in the treatment of many diseases. Production of this plant uses a lot of water and nitrogen. Plastic mulch application may reduce the water and nitrogen requirements. Therefore, an experiment was conducted with the aim of evaluation of deficit irrigation and nitrogen effects on fruit, seed, and oil yield of hull-less seed pumpkin (Cucurbita pepo L.) under plastic mulch in 2016. A split plot layout in a randomized complete block design with three replications was used. Main plots included complete irrigation under plastic mulch, moderate stress (75% of complete irrigation under plastic mulch), severe stress (50% of complete irrigation under plastic mulch), normal irrigation without plastic mulch and sub-plots consisted of complete nitrogen requirement, 80% of the full nitrogen requirement and 60% of the full nitrogen requirement. The results showed that there were no significant differences between moderate stress (75% complete irrigation under plastic mulch) and normal irrigation without mulch for fruit, grain and oil yield. However, under moderate stress, the plastic mulch reduced water and nitrogen requirements by 25 and 20%, respectively and produced a grain yield and oil yield similar to complete irrigation. Therefore, this technique can be used for water conservation and sustainability of agricultural production systems in arid and semi-arid areas.
A. Salehi; S. Fallah; A. Abasi Sourki; M.R. Tadayon
Abstract
In order to investigate the response of yield and yield components of two medicinal plants i.e, fenugreek (Trigonella foenum-graecum L.) and buckwheat (Fagopyrum esculentum Moench) to chemical fertilizer and organic manure, a factorial experiment was conducted in two sequential years in a randomized ...
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In order to investigate the response of yield and yield components of two medicinal plants i.e, fenugreek (Trigonella foenum-graecum L.) and buckwheat (Fagopyrum esculentum Moench) to chemical fertilizer and organic manure, a factorial experiment was conducted in two sequential years in a randomized complete blocks design at the research farm, College of Agriculture, Shahrekord University, in 2014 and 2015. The factors consisted of two species of medicinal plants (fenugreek (legume) and buckwheat (non-legume)) and three different sources of fertilizer (chemical fertilizer, chemical fertilizer+ organic manure and organic manure). The results indicated that application of organic manure compared to chemical fertilizer in buckwheat significantly increased plant height (17.76%) and branches/plant (8%) in 2014, seeds/spike(28 and 19.53% in 2014 and 2015, respectively), seed yield (40.24 and 26.57% in 2014 and 2015, respectively), and biological yield (34.66 and 47.74% in the 2014 and 2015, respectively). Aapplication of organic manure compared to chemical fertilizer increased branches/plant (8%) and biological yield (25%) of fenugreek in 2014. Additionally, combination of organic manure with chemical fertilizer (50:50) compared to chemical fertilizer in the buckwheat significantly increased plant height (10.35%, in the 2015), seed yield (52.21 and 17.19% in 2014 and 2015, respectively), biological yield (24.86 and 26.35% in 2014 and 2015, respectively) and harvest index (21.53%, in 2014). Integrated fertilizer compared to chemical fertilizer increased branches plant -1 (16.70%, in 2014) and seed yield (14.40%, in 2015) in fenugreek. Finally, organic fertilizer and chemical fertilizer+ organic manure could be a suitable alternative for chemical fertilizer in cultivation of medicinal plant buckwheat (non-legume), but replacement of organic fertilizer in production of fenugreek may increase biological yield compared to chemical fertilizer.
B. Omrani; S. Fallah
Abstract
In order to evaluate the effects of organic and inorganic fertilizers on yield attributes and quality of purslane crop, an experiment was conducted at the research farm of Shahrekord University in 2014. Different fertilizer treatments were consisted of 13 ton ha-1 broiler litter (BLn), 14.4 ...
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In order to evaluate the effects of organic and inorganic fertilizers on yield attributes and quality of purslane crop, an experiment was conducted at the research farm of Shahrekord University in 2014. Different fertilizer treatments were consisted of 13 ton ha-1 broiler litter (BLn), 14.4 ton ha-1 broiler litter (BLp), 39 ton ha-1 cattle manure (CMn), 16.87 ton ha-1 + cattle manure + 150 kg ha-1 urea (CMp+U), four chemical fertilizer (CF) levels equivalent to organic manure treatments, 260+86 kg ha-1 Urea +TSP CF (BLn), respectively, 287+100 kg ha-1 Urea +TSP, respectively CF (BLp), 260+200 kg ha-1 Urea +TSP , respectively CF (CMn), 260+100 kg ha-1 Urea +TSP , respectively CF (CMp + U) and control (C). The results indicated that there were no significant differences in plant height of CF (BLn) (55.43 cm) with chemical treatments (CF (BLp), CF (CMn), and organic treatments (BLp and BLn). No significant difference was found for the number of seed per capsule between BLp and BLn treatments (180.48 and 167.78 seed, respectively). The 1000-seed weight in treatments BLp, BLn, and CMn (0.44, 0.43, and 0.42 g, respectively) showed no significant difference. The 1000-seed weight of CMn, CF (BLn), and CMp + U treatments showed no significant difference as well. The seed yield, oil content, and oil yield of BLp treatment were significantly greater than that of control and other plots treated with manure. The amount of omega 3 in the BLp and BLn treatments was 85% and 79% higher as compared with the control (no fertilizer). Overall, the application of broiler litter could be effective in increasing the quality of the oil of this medicinal plant in addition to a significant increase in grain yield of purslane.
A. Spanany; S. Fallah
Abstract
Planting date of most annual medicinal species is associated with severe irrigation competition of winter and spring crops. This competition reduces the volume of river water in downstream and consequently the concentration of heavy metals caused by industrial and municipal wastewater is increased in ...
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Planting date of most annual medicinal species is associated with severe irrigation competition of winter and spring crops. This competition reduces the volume of river water in downstream and consequently the concentration of heavy metals caused by industrial and municipal wastewater is increased in the river. Therefore, in order to investigate the tolerance of some spring medicinal plants to the cadmium stress of irrigation water, a factorial experiment was performed in a completely randomized design with four replications. Treatments consisted of six medicinal plants (Portulaca oleracea L., Nigella sativa, Trigonella foenum, Anethum graveolens, Carum copticum and Ocimum basilicum) and cadmium at six levels (5, 10, 15, 20, 25 and 30 mg) plus control (no cadmium). The results showed that although low concentrations of cadmium in some plants stimulated the growth of seedlings, a concentration of 30 milligrams per liter in all plants reduced the radicle and plumule length and radicle and plumule weight as well as seed vigor index. Germination percentage and rate were not substantially affected by cadmium. In this regard, fenugreek, black cumin, and dill showed the most sensitivity to cadmium toxicity. In fenugreek and ajowan plants, the plumule length was more affected by cadmium and plumule length was determined as a sensitivity index. However, for dill, purslane, basil, and black cumin plants, the radicle length was more affected and it was determine as a sensitivity index. Overall, in terms of root length, dill and basil were identified as the most sensitive and the most tolerant species to the cadmium toxicity, respectively.
A. Salehi; S. Fallah; A. Abasi; R. Iranipour; M. Heidari
Abstract
One of the aspects of the production of medicinal plants is lower consumption of chemical inputs which could be effective in protecting the environment in addition to maintaining or improving product quality. Therefore,this study was conducted in order to investigate the effect of integrated management ...
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One of the aspects of the production of medicinal plants is lower consumption of chemical inputs which could be effective in protecting the environment in addition to maintaining or improving product quality. Therefore,this study was conducted in order to investigate the effect of integrated management of organic and chemical fertilizers on yield and qualitative characteristics in black cumin (Nigella sativa L.). This experiment was conducted in a randomized complete block design with nine treatments and three replications at the Shahrekord University in 2012. The treatments consisted of control (no amended nitrogen), cattle manure, urea, three levels of split integrated fertilizer ( cattle manure + urea, cattle manure + cattle manure + urea), and three levels of full integrated fertilizer ( cattle manure + urea, cattle manure + cattle manure + urea). Results indicated that the application of N-fertilizer caused significant increase in oil, protein and essence contents and their production in black cumin (p< 0.01). Integrated application of organic manure + chemical fertilizer produced higher amount of oil, essence and protein in comparison with solitary application (p< 0.01). The full dose application of urea fertilizer (FDA) significantly enhanced the content and production of oil (322 g kg -1 and 674 kg ha-1, respectively), protein (248 gkg-1 and 595 kg ha-1, respectively), essence (3.1 gkg-1 and 7.2 kgha-1, respectively) in comparison with split application. In conclusion, the full dose application of urea fertilizer (FDA) in integration with organic manure could enhance the quality of black cumin seed.
S. Nasirzade; S. Fallah; Sh. Kiani; A. Mohammadkhani
Abstract
In order to investigate the response of quantitative and qualitative characteristics of isabgol (Plantago ovata Forssk.) to different levels of cow manure and nitrogen fertilizers, an experiment was conducted in a randomized complete blocks design with four replications at the research farm, Shahrekord ...
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In order to investigate the response of quantitative and qualitative characteristics of isabgol (Plantago ovata Forssk.) to different levels of cow manure and nitrogen fertilizers, an experiment was conducted in a randomized complete blocks design with four replications at the research farm, Shahrekord University in 2011. Treatments consisted of: control (no fertilizer) and three levels of nitrogen fertilizer (30, 60 and 90 N/ha in the form of urea) and three levels of cow manure (14.29, 28.58 and 42.78 Mg/ha). Results showed that there were no significant differences in quantitative and qualitative characteristics between cow manure and urea fertilizer applications. The highest grain yield and aboveground biomass (1618 and 9464 kg/ha, respectively) were observed in 90 kg N/ha from urea fertilizer, but it had no significant difference with that of the 42.87 Mg/ha of cow manure. The application of 42.87 Mg/ha of cow manure resulted in the greatest seed mucilage amount (%26.75), swelling factor (10.38 ml) and mucilage yield (415 kg/ha), but swelling factor and mucilage yield of this treatment had no significant difference with that of the 90 kg N/ha from urea fertilizer. In general, it is concluded that the use of cow manure in isabgol production, not only does not reduce grain and mucilage yield of isabgol but also it can produce high- mucilage seeds, resulting in reduced pollution caused by the use of chemical fertilizers.
E. Ghasemi Siani; S. Fallah; A. Tadayyon
Abstract
In order to investigate the response of quantitative and qualitative characteristics of isabgol (Plantago ovata Forssk.) to different irrigation regimes and different fertilizers, a field experiment was conducted at the research farm, Shahrekord University, 2009. The experimental design was split-plot ...
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In order to investigate the response of quantitative and qualitative characteristics of isabgol (Plantago ovata Forssk.) to different irrigation regimes and different fertilizers, a field experiment was conducted at the research farm, Shahrekord University, 2009. The experimental design was split-plot in randomized complete blocks design with three replications. Whole plots were three replications of irrigation intervals (irrigation after 7, 14 and 21 days), and sub plots were different N fertilizers including 100% chemical fertilizer, 100% chicken manure, 75% chemical fertilizer + 25% chicken manure, 50% chemical fertilizer + 50% chicken manure, 25% chemical fertilizer + 75% chicken manure and no fertilizer. The irrigation regimes showed significant effect on the plant seed yield, plant height, number of spike per plant, spike length and mucilage percentage, but was not affected significantly in number of tillers per plant, number of seeds per plant, 1000-seed weights and seed swelling. The greatest seed yield and mucilage percentage were obtained at 7 and 14 days of irrigation regimes respectively. Seed yield, number of tillers per plant, plant height, number of spikes per plant, spike length, number of seeds per plant, 1000-seed weights, mucilage percentage and seed swelling were significantly affected under different fertilizer treatments. The maximum dry weight and seed yield were obtained with 50% and 70% replacement of chemical fertilizer and chicken manure respectively. In summary, our results illustrated that application of 75% chicken manure + 25% chemical fertilizer with 14 days intervals of irrigation was beneficial to isabgol.
