M. Bahrami; M.A. Alizadeh; M. Nasiri
Abstract
In order to study of dry matter yield, essential oil and morphological traits in Nepeta spp., nine accessions belonging to three species including Nepeta racemosa Lam., Nepeta menthoides Boiss. & Buhse and Nepeta cataria L. were evaluated in the Alborz research station, Karaj Iran ...
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In order to study of dry matter yield, essential oil and morphological traits in Nepeta spp., nine accessions belonging to three species including Nepeta racemosa Lam., Nepeta menthoides Boiss. & Buhse and Nepeta cataria L. were evaluated in the Alborz research station, Karaj Iran in 2014. The seeds of accessions were sown in pots in greenhouse and then were transferred to field at vegetative growth stage. The accessions were arranged in a complete randomized block design in three repetitions. Each plot contained 15 spaced plants with 0.5 m intervals. The drip irrigation system was used for irrigation. Data were collected for plant height, flowers per plant, the canopy area, canopy diameter length, fresh and dry matter yield, and essence percentage. To extract the essential oil, the foliage was harvested at flowering stage and dried, milled and the essential oil was extracted using distillation method with water. Data were analyzed of variance and species means were compared based on Duncan method. The results of analysis of variance showed significant difference among the species for all traits except fresh and dry foliage yield. Result indicated that N. cataria was late maturity species and both N. menthoides and N. racemosa were early maturity species. The lowest canopy area was recorded for N. cataria as compared with the two other species. N. cataria had the highest plant height with an average value of 90.1 cm and N. racemosa had the highest flower density with an average value of 15.7 flowers per plant. For N. cataria, the Acc. 15062-Arak was a late maturity species and had higher essential oil yield. Similarly, the Acc. 21132-Bafgh had higher foliage production. In N. menthoides, the Acc. 27795-Meshkinshar had the highest canopy area.
M.A. Alizadeh; A.A. Jafari; S.E. Sayedian; M. Izadpanah; M. Amirkhani; M.R. Pahlevani; L. Fallah-Hoseini; M. Ramezani Yeganeh
Abstract
In order to evaluation of morphological and phenological traits in 68 accessions of five chamomile species including: Anthemis altissima L., A. haussknechtii Boiss. & Reut., A. pseudocotula Boiss., A. tinctoria L. and A. triumfettii (L.) All., an experiment was ...
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In order to evaluation of morphological and phenological traits in 68 accessions of five chamomile species including: Anthemis altissima L., A. haussknechtii Boiss. & Reut., A. pseudocotula Boiss., A. tinctoria L. and A. triumfettii (L.) All., an experiment was conducted using a randomized complete block design (RCBD) with three replications in the Alborz research station in Karaj, during 2011-2012. Data were collected for the length and width of canopy, plant height, number of flowers, shoot fresh and dry weight, growth degree-days (GDD), essential oil percentage, and essential oil yield. The average values of growth traits and shoot yield recorded for A. pseudocotula were higher as compared with other species. In addition, this species was an earlier growing species due to the lower values of growth degree-days (GDD) in flowering and maturity stages. The essential oil yield of A. altissima (33 g per plant) and) A. triumfettii (59 g per plant) was more than that recorded for the three other species. The shoot yield of Anthemis tinctoria in Ardebil and Khoy1 populations was higher as compared with other populations. The shoot yield of A. triumfettii in Semnan1 and Semnan 2 populations and the essential oil yield of A. triumfettii in Semnan 2 and Shahrood populations were higher than those recorded for other populations. The Loshan and Salmas populations were earlier growing species. The highest shoot yield and essential oil yield were recorded for A.haussknechtii in the Golastan population. For A. pseudocotula, the highest shoot yield, and essential oil yield were obtained in the Golastan 2 population, and the Golastan1, Zanjan1, and Zanjan2 populations were early growing species. There were no significant differences among the populations of A. altissima. In all species, a direct relationship was found between shoot and essential oil yield and early growth, so that the early growing populations had higher shoot and essential oil yield and this feature could be used in the production of drought-resistant varieties under rainfed conditions.
F. Keneshloo; F. Sefidkon; H. Keneshloo; M.A. Alizadeh
Abstract
Anthemis, belonging to Asteraceae family, has 23 native annual species in Iran whose flowers and other organs contain essential oil. To study the quantitative and qualitative characteristics of the Anthemis pseudocotula Boiss. essential oil, the seeds were collected from natural habitat in Maraveh Tapeh, ...
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Anthemis, belonging to Asteraceae family, has 23 native annual species in Iran whose flowers and other organs contain essential oil. To study the quantitative and qualitative characteristics of the Anthemis pseudocotula Boiss. essential oil, the seeds were collected from natural habitat in Maraveh Tapeh, and planted in the Alborz Research Station. In full flowering stage, samples were prepared from plant flowers, leaves, stems and flowering shoots. After air-drying, the essential oil was extracted by hydro-distillation method and analyzed by GC and GC/MS. According to the obtained results, the essential oil yield of flowers, leaves, stems, and flowering shoots were calculated to be 0.06, 0.02, 0.06, and 0.06-plant dry weight. Twenty-three components were identified in the leaf essential oil whose main components were β-thujone (27.3%), cadin-4-en-7-ol (cis) (11%), caryophyllene oxide (10%) and β-eudesmol (6.7%). In the stem essential oil, 14 components were identified and Z-β-farnesene (62.4%), lavandulyl and 2-methyl butanoate (12.4%) were the two main components. The three main components identified in the flower essential oil were β-thujone (33.6%), spathulenol (20.3%) and Z-β-farnesene (9.5%). The three main components identified in the flowering shoots were β-thujone (34%), Z-β- farnesene (12.3%) and caryophyllene oxide (12.3%). The results showed that β-thujone as a main component of essential oils ranged from 3% in leaves to 34% in flowering shoots. Our results clearly showed that more essential oil yield could be obtained from the flowering shoots of Anthemis pseudocotula at full flowering stage. As well, the desired parts could be extracted to obtain higher amount of essential oil components for specific objectives.
M.A. Alizadeh; S. Yaryab; A.A. Jafari; P. Salehi
Abstract
This research was aimed to investigate morphological and phenological traits of 12 populations of pseudo chamomile (Tripleurospermum sevasnense (Manden.) Pobed.). The study was carried out in a randomized complete block design (RCBD) with three replications in the Alborz research station, Karaj, Iran, ...
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This research was aimed to investigate morphological and phenological traits of 12 populations of pseudo chamomile (Tripleurospermum sevasnense (Manden.) Pobed.). The study was carried out in a randomized complete block design (RCBD) with three replications in the Alborz research station, Karaj, Iran, during 2011-2013. The study traits included longitudinal and transverse diameter of canopy cover, canopy cover area, plant height, number of flowers, shoot fresh and dry weight, growing degree-days (GDD), essential oil percentage and essential oil yield. Growing degree-days was calculated for flowering and harvesting time. Analysis variance of data showed that there were significant differences among populations (P<0.05). According to the results of mean comparisons, maximum shoot fresh weight (290.4 g/plant), shoot dry weight (99.8 g/plant) and essential oil yield (252.2 mg/plant) were recorded forAredbil2. Therefore, this population was superior to the others. The results of growing degree-days at flowering and maturity stages showed that two populations (Gazvin2 and Tehran1) had lower values of growing degree-days. In the cluster analysis, populations were divided into three groups. The populations of cluster 1, including Karaj, Qazvin, and Khorramabad, were superior to the other two groups in terms of shoot yield and morphological traits. Our results clearly showed that after further tests and mass seed production in diffrent climate regions of the country, the supriore popultions of Karaj, Ghazvin1, and Khorramabad could be introduced as new cultivars.
