F. Askari; M. Mirza; M. Najafpour Navaei; Sh. Ahmadi
Abstract
Both Centaurea pterocaula Trautv. and Centaurea urvillei DC. are a type of cornflower. The aim of this study is to determine the chemical composition of essential oils of C. urvillei and C. pterocaula for food, cosmetics-health industry and medicinal uses. The plant parts of C. urvillei and C. pterocaula ...
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Both Centaurea pterocaula Trautv. and Centaurea urvillei DC. are a type of cornflower. The aim of this study is to determine the chemical composition of essential oils of C. urvillei and C. pterocaula for food, cosmetics-health industry and medicinal uses. The plant parts of C. urvillei and C. pterocaula were collected at flowering stage from Urmia (Ghasemloo Valley) and Zanjan in 2010 and 2011. The plant parts including stem, leaf and inflorescence were dried in laboratory and crushed to particles. The essential oils were obtained by hydrodistillation and were analyzed by GC-FID and GC/MS. The essential oil yield of stem plus leaf and inflorescence of Centaurea pterocaula (w/w dried weight) were 0.06% and 0.09%, respectively. The major constituents of stem plus leaf and inflorescence essential oils were germacrene D (20.4% and 5.4%), thymol (10.6% and 3.8%), cyperene (3.5% and 11.5%), spathulenol (7.7% and 4.9%), caryophyllene oxide (6.8% and 13.4%) and E-caryophyllene (4.9% and 8.1%), respectively. The essential oil yield of stem plus leaf and inflorescence of Centaurea urvillei (w/w dried weight) were 0.023% and 0.065%, respectively. The major constituents of stem plus leaf oils were benzyl benzoate (38.7%), caryophyllene oxide (17.9%) and b-eudesmol (19.8%) and the major constituents of inflorescence oil were caryophyllene oxide (25.7%), spathulenol (14.8%) and eudesma-4(15)-7-dien-1-β-ol (21.0%).
F. Askari; Sh. Ahmadi
Abstract
Pimpinella,with about 170-180 species in the world, is one of the largest genus of Apiaceae. Based on the flora of Iran, there are 25 species of Pimpinella in Iranian plateau, so that 22 species with six endemic species are found in Iran. P. olivierioides Boiss. & Hausskn. is distributed in West ...
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Pimpinella,with about 170-180 species in the world, is one of the largest genus of Apiaceae. Based on the flora of Iran, there are 25 species of Pimpinella in Iranian plateau, so that 22 species with six endemic species are found in Iran. P. olivierioides Boiss. & Hausskn. is distributed in West and Central Iran. The aim of this study was to determine chemical composition of P. olivierioides essential oil. The plant parts of P. olivieroides were collected at flowering stage from Nahavand (Hamedan Province), on July 2012. The plant organs including stem and leaf and inflorescence were dried in laboratory and crushed to particles. The essential oils were obtained by hydrodistillation and analyzed by GC and GC/MS. The yield of stem and leaf essential oils (w/w dried weight) was 0.09%, root 0.52% and inflorescence 0.57%. The major components of stem and leaf, root and inflorescence essential oils were Germacrene D (36.5%, 21.9% and 11.1%), Bicyclogermacrene (7.5%, 15.9% and 4.4%), respectively. b-bisabolene (24.9%) was found only in root essential oil. Trans-pinocamphene (14.7%) and cis-pinocamphene (13.4%) were found only in stem and leaf essential oils. The interesting thing about the essential oils was their colors. The color of stem and leaf, root and inflorescence essential oils was light blue, blue, and green grass, respectively. Our results clearly showed that very different compositions were found in the essential oil of P. olivierioides organs.
Sh. Ahmadi; M. Mirza; F. Askari
Abstract
N. elymatica Bornm. is one of the endemic species in the genus Nepeta in Iran. This genus has important aromatic species. So far, 79 species have been reported from Iran, of which 39 species are endemic. The aim of this study was to identify the chemical composition of the essential oil of N. elymatica ...
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N. elymatica Bornm. is one of the endemic species in the genus Nepeta in Iran. This genus has important aromatic species. So far, 79 species have been reported from Iran, of which 39 species are endemic. The aim of this study was to identify the chemical composition of the essential oil of N. elymatica Bornm. The flowering branches of this species were collected in July from Oshterankuh, Kamandan region of Azna. After drying at room temperature, the flowering branches of the plant were subjected to hydro-distillation. The oil yield was calculated and the oil composition was identified by GC and GC/MS analysis and retention index. Results showed that the yield oil of this species was 0.95% w/w and 27 components were identified, among which 1,8-cineole (20.6%), 4a-a,7-a,7a-a-nepetalactone (17.5%), E-caryophyllene (15%) and linalool (5.8%), were the main compounds.
F. Askari; Sh. Ahmadi; S. Meshkizadeh; M. Naderi Haji Bagher Kandi; A. Bahmanzadegan Jahromi
Abstract
Pimpinella deverroides (Boiss.) Boiss. is one of the nine endemic species of Pimpinella in Iran. It is distributed in Iran and Touran Regions. The plantwas collected at two consecutive years (2005 and 2006) from Lorestan province in flowering and seed stages. Essential oils were isolated by hydro-distillation ...
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Pimpinella deverroides (Boiss.) Boiss. is one of the nine endemic species of Pimpinella in Iran. It is distributed in Iran and Touran Regions. The plantwas collected at two consecutive years (2005 and 2006) from Lorestan province in flowering and seed stages. Essential oils were isolated by hydro-distillation from the stems and leaves, inflorescence and seed separately and were analyzed by GC and GC/MS. The yields of the stems and leaves, inflorescence and seed oils of P. deveroides, were 0.6%, 2.5% and 7.1% w/w, respectively in 2005 and 1.3%, 2.4% and 7.5% w/w in 2006. The yields of seed oils were higher than the yields of stems plus the leaves and inflorescence oils. Pregeijerene (35.5% to 67%) and Geijerene (8.2% to 14.1%) were the major constituents in all oils. According to this study P. deveroides is important for the highest quantity oil in seed.
Sh. Ahmadi; F. Sefidkon; P. Babakhanlo; F. Asgari; K. Khademi; N. Valizadeh; M.A. Karimifar
Abstract
The genus of Satureja consist of 30 species in world. Satureja bachtiarica Bunge is one of the endemic species of this genus in Iran. In order to identify the quality changes of essential oil of Satureja bachtiarica, we planted the specimen in 1382 in Khorram Abad on the 36 plot, using the split factorial ...
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The genus of Satureja consist of 30 species in world. Satureja bachtiarica Bunge is one of the endemic species of this genus in Iran. In order to identify the quality changes of essential oil of Satureja bachtiarica, we planted the specimen in 1382 in Khorram Abad on the 36 plot, using the split factorial design in randomized complete block with 3 replications. Aerial parts of plants were collected in two stages (before and full flowering) from field and provenance in the second year. The plant materials were dried and hydro-distilled in order to obtain their essential oils. The oils were analyzed by capillary GC and GC/MS. The main component of essential oil before flowering stage were carvacrol (20٪), P-cymene (36.5٪) and thymol (19.2.(٪ In the flowering stage 21 compounds were characterized in the oil with carvacrol (25.5٪), p-cymene (23.2٪), thymol (0.5(٪ and mentone (18.5 (٪as the main constituents. Fifteen compounds were characterized in the oil of field sample (Khorram Abad). The main constituents of the oil were carvacrol (48.6٪) and p-cymene (28.6٪) before flowering stage. In the flowering stage 13 compounds were characterized in the oil with carvacrol (62.3٪) and p-cymene (21.2٪) as the main constituents. The oil yields of cultivated and wild S. bachtiarica samples were 1.1, 2.08% and 1.8, 1.1% before and full flowering stages, respectively. The amount of carvacrol in Satureja bachtiarica oils were 48.6%, 62.3% and 20%, 25.8%before and full flowering stages, in field and provenance, respectively. These results showed that variation of ecological characters like altitude, temperature, humidity and climate had effect on percentage of carvacrol.
F. Sefidkon; L. Sadeghzadeh; M. Teimouri; F. Asgari; Sh. Ahmadi
Volume 23, Issue 2 , August 2007, , Pages 174-182
Abstract
The genus Satureja represents 15 species in Iran, 9 of them are endemic. In this study, the aerial parts of Satureja khuzistanica Jamzad and Satureja bachtiarica Bunge were collected at two stage of plant growth (before flowering and full flowering) from their natural habitats. After drying the plant ...
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The genus Satureja represents 15 species in Iran, 9 of them are endemic. In this study, the aerial parts of Satureja khuzistanica Jamzad and Satureja bachtiarica Bunge were collected at two stage of plant growth (before flowering and full flowering) from their natural habitats. After drying the plant materials in shade, essential oils were obtained by hydro-distillation and analyzed by capillary gas chromatography, using flame ionization and mass spectrometric detection. The results showed the oil of S. bachtiarica contained 20% carvacrol and 19% thymol before flowering and 26% carvacrol and 5% thymol at full flowering stage, as main components. The oil of S. khuzistanica, in both harvesting time contained about 90% carvacrol. Due to the antimicrobial effect of phenolic compounds, thymol and carvacrol, the antimicrobial effects of these oils were determined against five gram positive bacteria (Bacillus subtilis, Bacillus cereus, Micrococcus loteus, Staphylococcussp. and Staphylococcus areous) and three gram negative bacteria (Kellebsiella pneumonia, Kellebsiella oxytoca and Pseudomonas aeroginosa). The result showed the oil of S. khuzistanica had strong anti-bacterial effect in both harvesting stage. The anti-bacterial effect of S. bachtiarica oil was stronger before flowering stage, because of more percentage of phenolic compounds. So these oils can be used instead of synthetic antibiotics that their resistance against bacteria increased daily.
F. Askari; F. Sefidkon; Sh. Ahmadi
Volume 22, Issue 2 , September 2006, , Pages 98-104
Abstract
trans-a-Bergamotene is an aromatic compound that is used for synthesize of the other aromatic compounds. Pimpinella affinis Ledeb. grows wild in different regions of Iran, north, north-west, center, eastern and north-east. In This research, the aerial parts and seeds of P. affinis werecollected ...
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trans-a-Bergamotene is an aromatic compound that is used for synthesize of the other aromatic compounds. Pimpinella affinis Ledeb. grows wild in different regions of Iran, north, north-west, center, eastern and north-east. In This research, the aerial parts and seeds of P. affinis werecollected from Noshahr in 2003 and 2004. Essential oils were isolated by hydro-distillation. The yields of stem plus the leaf, inflorescence and seed oils for the first year were 0.26%, 1/1% and 4.1% w/w and for the second year were 0.26%, 0.86% and 2.45%, respectively. Four constituents in stem plus the leaf oil, five constituents in inflorescence oil and six constituents in seed oil were identified in samples of 2003. Six constituents in stem plus the leaf oil, fifteen constituents in inflorescence oil and six constituents in seed oil were identified in samples of 2004. Major constituent of the stem plus the leaf, inflorescence, and seed oils was trans-a-Bergamotene (91.1%, 96.2% and 90.2% in 2003 and 94.3% 84.9% and 95.5% in 2004, respectively).
