R. Rezaei; S.A.R. Valadabadi; A.H. Shirani Rad; S. Sayfzadeh; E. Hadidi Masouleh
Abstract
In order to investigate the effects of biological fertilizers application and various amounts of urea fertilizers under the water stress conditions on yield, nitrogen use efficiency, and effective ingredients of Calendula officinalis L., an experiment was implemented during the two cultivation years ...
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In order to investigate the effects of biological fertilizers application and various amounts of urea fertilizers under the water stress conditions on yield, nitrogen use efficiency, and effective ingredients of Calendula officinalis L., an experiment was implemented during the two cultivation years of 2015-2106 and 2016-2017. The study was conducted at the research farm of Islamic Azad University, Varamin-Pishva Branch. The experiment was performed in three replications as a split-split plot in a completely randomized blocks design. The experimental treatments included two levels of water stress as (the main factor): the absence of water stress (control) and irrigation cut off at the budding stage, as well as, four levels of biological fertilizers (as sub-factor) (no use), the application of Azotobacter (Chroococum), the application of Azospirillum (Brasilense), and combined application of Azotobacter and Azospirillum. Urea fertilizer sources were also classified (sub-factor) in four levels including no use (control), recommended amount of sulfur coated urea fertilizer (175 kg/ha of recommended amount of fertilizer), 75% of recommended amount of sulfur coated urea fertilizer (131 kg/ha), and the recommended amount of urea fertilizer without coating at 175 kg/ha. The results showed that irrigation cut off at budding stage resulted in reduced flower yield, biological yield, the amount of nitrogen, nitrogen use efficiency (crop efficiency), and nitrogen uptake efficiency. However, it resulted in the increased nitrogen use efficiency, α-cadinol, and morolol. In addition, in both years of experiment, the combined use of Azotobacter and Azospirillum, along with the recommended amount of sulfur coated urea fertilizer resulted in the increased content of α-cadinol. The highest nitrogen use efficiency was achieved under non-water stress conditions and the combined use of bio-fertilizer (Azotobacter and Azospirillum) and the use of 75% of the recommended amount of sulfur coated urea fertilizer. In the second year, the lack of water stress and the combined use of bio-fertilizer (Azotobacter and Azospirillum) and the recommended amount of sulfur coated urea fertilizer also resulted in a significant reduction in nitrogen use efficiency. In the first and second years, the lack of water stress and the combined use of Azotobacter and Azospirillum and the recommended amount of sulfur coated urea fertilizer resulted in increased flower yield and biological yield.
M. Palizdar; B. Delkhosh; A.H Shiranirad; Gh. Noormohammadi
Abstract
In order to study the effect of irrigation regimes and potassium fertilizer yield and yield components of safflower (Carthamus tinctorius L.) as a medicinal plant, a field experiment was conducted in a factorial design based on randomized complete blocks with three replications. The experiment was performed ...
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In order to study the effect of irrigation regimes and potassium fertilizer yield and yield components of safflower (Carthamus tinctorius L.) as a medicinal plant, a field experiment was conducted in a factorial design based on randomized complete blocks with three replications. The experiment was performed on a winter safflower genotype (Goldasht) at the experimental farm of Ghazvin during cropping season 2009-2010. Four irrigation regimes including 60 (Control), 100, 140 and 180mm evaporation from evaporation pan (Class A) and four levels of potassium fertilizer including 0 (Control), 50, 100 and 150 kg.ha-1 comprised the experimental factors. Results showed that with increasing irrigation level, seed yield, plant height, stem diameter, number of branches per plant, head diameter, number of heads per plant and number of seeds per head increased significantly; as the seed yield of the irrigation based on 60mm evaporation was 110% higher than the that of irrigation based on 180mm evaporation. All traits also increased significantly with increasing potassium content. As application of 150kg.ha-1 potassium increased the seed yield by 58% compared to the control treatment. The interaction effect of irrigation and potassium was significant on all traits except stem diameter and head diameter. In irrigation based on 60mm evaporation, application of 150 kg.ha-1 potassium increased seed yield by 35% compared to the control treatment but in irrigation based on 180mm evaporation, it was increased by 130%. According to the results, application of potassium fertilizer showed positive effects on yield and yield components of safflower in sever and moderate water stress conditions.
H. Aliabadi Farahani; M.H. Lebaschi; A.H. Shiranirad; S.A.R. Valadabadi; A. Hamidi; A. Alizadeh Sahzabi
Volume 23, Issue 3 , November 2007, , Pages 405-415
Abstract
In order to study the effects of Glomus hoi fungi, different levels of phosphorus and drought stress on some physiological characteristics of coriander (Coriandrum sativum L.), was conducted at Karaj Research Institute of Forest and Rangelands in 2006. Field experiment was carried out by a split factorial ...
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In order to study the effects of Glomus hoi fungi, different levels of phosphorus and drought stress on some physiological characteristics of coriander (Coriandrum sativum L.), was conducted at Karaj Research Institute of Forest and Rangelands in 2006. Field experiment was carried out by a split factorial design with 4 replications. The factors were two level drought stress with irrigation after 30 mm water evaporation from evaporation pan (without stress conditions) and irrigation after 60 mm water evaporation (drought stress conditions) and also application and non-application of mycorrhiza, 0, 35 and 70 kgha-1 phosphorus fertilizer. The results showed drought stress has significant effect on water use efficiency, relative water content and proline accumulation rate (α=1%). Highest water use efficiency with 0.449 kgm-3 and proline accumulation rate with 6.767 mmol/ml were achieved under stress conditions and highest relative water content with %90.6 was achieved without stress conditions. Also, the results showed mycorrhiza and phosphorus had significant effects on water use efficiency (α=5%). Comparison of means showed that highest water use efficiency with 0.395 kgm-3 and 0.4 kgm-3 was achieved under application of mycorrhiza and application of 70 kgha-1 phosphorus, respectively. Relative water content and proline accumulation rate were not significantly affected due to phosphorus and mycorrhiza. The results showed that water use efficiency and proline accumulation rate were increased under drought stress conditions but relative water content decreased.
A. Alizadeh Sahzabi; E. Sharifi Ashorabadi; A.H. Shiranirad; B. Abaszadeh
Volume 23, Issue 3 , November 2007, , Pages 416-431
Abstract
The effect of applying different methods and nitrogen levels on yield and essential oil of savagery (Satureja hortensis L.) was investigated using a factorial experiment based on randomized complete block design with 3 replications in 2005, Karaj, Iran. The treatments included application of solid nitrogen ...
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The effect of applying different methods and nitrogen levels on yield and essential oil of savagery (Satureja hortensis L.) was investigated using a factorial experiment based on randomized complete block design with 3 replications in 2005, Karaj, Iran. The treatments included application of solid nitrogen in soil with 4 levels 0, 50, 100 and 150 kg/ha and spray of nitrogen on foliage with 4 levels 0, 4.5, 6 and 7.5 percent. The nitrogen applied three times equally. The results showed, effect of treatments on biological yield, plant height, essential oil percentage, flowering shoot yield, number of lateral branch (P< 0.01) and harvest index were significant (P<0.05). Interaction of treatments on essential oil percentage, essential oil yield, flowering shoot yield (P<0.01) and biological yield (P<0.05) were significant. This experiment found that applying 100 kg pure nitrogen in soil with 4.5% produced highest biological yield, seed and flowering shoot with means of 4424, 875.3 and 1855 kg ha-1, respectively. The results showed, increase of nitrogen application caused decrease of essential oil percentage. Highest essential oil percentage related to application of 6% of nitrogen solution with mean of 2.13%. Utilization of 150 kg of solid nitrogen with 7.5% of nitrogen solution produced highest plant height with mean of 66.88 cm, highest lateral branch with mean of 18 and highest essential oil yield with mean of 33.7 kg ha-1. Highest harvest index related to control with mean of 25.98%. The results showed that use of sprayed nitrogen on foliage decrease nitrogen application. Therefore, this method could be suitable for sustainable agriculture.
