F. Hamzavi; S. Moharramipour; A.A. Talebi
Abstract
Tribolium confusum Jacquelin du Val., Sitophilus granarius L. and Oryzaephilus surinamensis L. are the most important stored-product pests on stored wheat. This research was aimed to investigate the repellency effect of Eucalyptus camaldulensis Dehnh. and Callistemon viminalis (Gaertn.) G.Don essential ...
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Tribolium confusum Jacquelin du Val., Sitophilus granarius L. and Oryzaephilus surinamensis L. are the most important stored-product pests on stored wheat. This research was aimed to investigate the repellency effect of Eucalyptus camaldulensis Dehnh. and Callistemon viminalis (Gaertn.) G.Don essential oils against the above mentioned insects. Essential oils were obtained from dry leaves of Eucalyptus camaldulensis Dehnh. and Callistemon viminalis (Gaertn), subjected to hydrodistillation using a modified Clevenger. The Y-tube olfactometer bioassay was used to test the repellency of essential oils. Different concentrations of essential oils (4-10 µl) were prepared by dissolving in 50 µl acetone and mixing with 2 g wheat kernels. The highest repellency of E. camaldulensid and C. viminalis essential oils were obtained at concentration levels of 90% and 70% for T. confusum, 60% and 35% for S. granarius and 60% and 53% for O. surinamensis, respectively. Results indicated that the essential oils were more repellent to T. confusum as compared to S. granariu and O. surinamensis. At a concentration of 35.71 µl/l. air, the half-life time of E. camaldulensis essential oils (3.79 days) was as long as C. viminalis (4.34 days) on T. confusum. The persistence of E. camaldulensis essential oils (4.40 days) was significantly longer than that of C. viminalis (2.15 days) on S. granarius. Findings indicated that the tested essential oils in protected areas had substantial repellency even at low concentrations; however, they were less persistent compounds, broken down more quickly.
V. Ghasemi; S. Moharramipour; G.H. Tahmasbi
Abstract
Varroa destructor Anderson and Trueman is considered as the most important external parasite of the European honey bee. Considering the distribution of the European honey bee throughout the world, this mite could cause many concerns among beekeepers and threaten the beekeeping industry. The aim of present ...
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Varroa destructor Anderson and Trueman is considered as the most important external parasite of the European honey bee. Considering the distribution of the European honey bee throughout the world, this mite could cause many concerns among beekeepers and threaten the beekeeping industry. The aim of present research was to calculate the time it took to cause 50 percent of mortality (LT50) in Varroa mite and honey bee population after the commencement of exposure with essential oil of Mentha longifolia L. For this purpose, Varroa mites and honey bees were treated with four concentrations of the oil including 1.87, 2.5, 3.12 and 3.75 µl/l air in Petri dishes (800 ml). For each species, the corresponding mortality rate was measured once in every two hours without opening the Petri dish until the complete demise of subjected organisms. Results showed that calculated LT50 values of the oil on Varroa mite in concentrations of 1.87, 2.5, 3.12 and 3.75 µl/l air were 10.12, 8.11, 7.26 and 6.21, respectively. However, LC50 values of the oil on A. mellifera at the same concentrations were 19.83, 19.56, 15.72 and 13.68, respectively. These results represented a much more severe toxicity of M. longifolia oil against Varroa mite compared with the European honey bee. Therefore, adjustment of oil concentration and exposure time would be applicable for the management of Varroa mite in apiaries.
F. Hariri moghadam; S. Moharramipour; F. Sefidkon
Abstract
Two-spotted spider mite Tetranychus urticae Koch is one of the most well known polyphagous pests of crops in the world. Due to undesirable effects of synthetic pesticides such as expression of resistance in mites, this research was conducted to achieve alternative safe compounds to environment. Therefore, ...
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Two-spotted spider mite Tetranychus urticae Koch is one of the most well known polyphagous pests of crops in the world. Due to undesirable effects of synthetic pesticides such as expression of resistance in mites, this research was conducted to achieve alternative safe compounds to environment. Therefore, in this Research, repellent activity and persistence of two plant essential oils, including of Eucalyptus salmonophloia F. Muell and Eucalyptus kingsmillii (Mauden) Maiden & blakely, were studied on T. urticae , at 27 ± 0.5 °C, 50 ± 0.5% RH and photoperiod of 16:8 h (L:D). The essential oils were extracted using Clevenger-type apparatus. According to the repellency index formula, it was found that both essential oils of E. salmonophloia and E. kingsmillii from 4 applied concentrations were only repellent in two concentrations. Generally, no significant differences of repellency were found between two plant essential oils of E. salmonophloia and E. kingsmillii at different concentrations. In repellency experiment for essential oils, it was found that no significant differences were observed between essential oils of E. salmonophloia and E. kingsmillii. Our findings indicated that Eucalyptus species had reliable repellent activity and persistence on T. urticae. However, more research is necessary to make these compounds applicable.
Z. Rafiei-Karahroodi; S. Moharramipour; H. Farazmand; J. Karimzadeh-Esfahani
Abstract
Oviposition deterrency and ovicidal activity of 18 medicinal plant essential oils were investigated on the Indian meal moth Plodia interpunctella Hübner. To determine oviposition deterrency of the oils, one pair of the moth was exposed to different concentrations of the oils for four days and the ...
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Oviposition deterrency and ovicidal activity of 18 medicinal plant essential oils were investigated on the Indian meal moth Plodia interpunctella Hübner. To determine oviposition deterrency of the oils, one pair of the moth was exposed to different concentrations of the oils for four days and the number of deposited eggs was counted. Also, one-day-old eggs were exposure to three concentrations of the oil at 3, 12 and 24 µl essential oil/l air. Percentage of egg hatching was recorded after 96 hours. The results showed that all essential oils had properties of oviposition deterrency. Fourteen plant essential oils tested such as Cinnamomum zelanicum Bl. caused more than 80% deterrency, and they were not significantly different. However, the lowest deterrency was recorded for essential oils of Rosmarinus officinalis L., Anethum graveolens L., Artemisia dracunculus L. and Achillea millefolium L. with about 28.33, 32.50, 36.18 and 55.00%, respectively. Essential oils of Ziziphora clinopodioides Lam. and C. zelanicum had the highest ovicidal activity on the Indian meal moth. Also, with increase of essential oil concentration ovicidal activity was increased. These findings indicated the high capability of Z. clinopodioides and C. zelanicum oviposition deterrency as well as ovicidal activity. Therefore, they could be suitable components for management of the Indian meal moth in storages.
A. Taghizadeh Saroukolai; S. Moharramipour
Abstract
Nowadays, application of plant essential oils has been highly considered as an alternative for synthetic insecticides especially in stored-product pests. Stored products such as beans are attacked by different stored-product insects. Among them, Callosobruchus maculatus (F.) is one of the most important ...
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Nowadays, application of plant essential oils has been highly considered as an alternative for synthetic insecticides especially in stored-product pests. Stored products such as beans are attacked by different stored-product insects. Among them, Callosobruchus maculatus (F.) is one of the most important pests of legumes. In this research, oviposition deterrence and persistence of essential oils of Thymus persicus (Roniger ex Reach F.) and Prangos acaulis (Dc.) Bornm were tested on C. maculatus at 27 ± 1 0C and 60 ± 5% R.H. under dark condition. Oviposition deterrence was assessed at 6 concentrations from 360 to 7140 ppm and with five replications. Results showed that oviposition deterrence of both essential oils were increased with increase of oil concentration and higher deterrence was significantly recorded in P. acaulis. LT50 values showed that the speed of mortality in P. acaulis was significantly faster than that of T. persicus. The respiratory toxicity of T. persicus essential oil on C. maculates was more stable than that of P. acaulis.
H. Akrami; S. Moharramipour; S. Imani
Abstract
Cowpea weevil Callosobruchus maculatus (F.) is one of the serious post-harvest pests of stored products. The damaged seeds are unsuitable for human or animal consumption and also for farm cultivation. To control this pest in warehouses, usage of essential oils is considered as an appropriate alternative ...
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Cowpea weevil Callosobruchus maculatus (F.) is one of the serious post-harvest pests of stored products. The damaged seeds are unsuitable for human or animal consumption and also for farm cultivation. To control this pest in warehouses, usage of essential oils is considered as an appropriate alternative to synthetic pesticides. Therefore, a study was conducted to investigate oviposition deterrence and repellency effects of Thymus kotschyanus Boiss & Hohen and Mentha longifolia L. on C. maculatus. These plants were collected from around of Tehran. Essential oils were subjected to hydrodistillation using a Clevenger-type apparatus for 3 h. The experiments were done under dark condition in 27 ± 1 ˚C and 65 ± 5 % R.H. Essential oils significantly reduced oviposition of the adults as 500 µl of T. kotschyanus and M. longifolia essential oils (1800 ppm) caused 87.64 and 86.36% oviposition deterrence respectively. Also, essential oils had repellent activity on C. maculatus. At 800 ppm, repellency of M. longifolia and Thymus kotschyanus was recorded 90% and 73.33 % respectively.
M. Negahban; S. Moharramipour
Volume 23, Issue 2 , August 2007, , Pages 146-156
Abstract
In regard to the invasion of various food commodities by insects and harmful effects of chemical pesticides, essential oils are among the best known substances tested against stored product pests. Effects of essential oils from Artemisia sieberi Besser and Artemisia scoparia Waldst et Kit were tested ...
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In regard to the invasion of various food commodities by insects and harmful effects of chemical pesticides, essential oils are among the best known substances tested against stored product pests. Effects of essential oils from Artemisia sieberi Besser and Artemisia scoparia Waldst et Kit were tested against oviposition deterrence, egg hatching and first instar larvae of Callosobruchus maculatus F. at 27 ± 1˚C and 65 ± 5% R.H. under dark condition. For each essential oil, five replications were conducted. Increasing the essential oil concentrations resulted in increase if insecticidal activity of essential oils on eggs, first instar larvae and oviposition deterrence. At 0.14 mL/g food, the essential oils of A. sieberi and A. scoparia resulted in inhibition of oviposition of the insect. The maximum concentration of essential oils (2.86 mL/L air) caused 100% mortality of first instar larvae. Although, oviposition deterrence of A. scoparia was stronger than A. sieberi, however, ovicidal and larval mortality caused by both essential oils were not significantly different. LC50 values indicated that essential oil of A. scoparia with 1.11 and 1.06 mL/L air against eggs and first instar larvae do not have significant difference with A. sieberi. It was found that plant essential oils can be used as a safe pesticide or model for new synthetic pesticides to control stored pests.
M. Negahban; S. Moharramipour
Volume 23, Issue 1 , May 2007, , Pages 13-22
Abstract
Efficiency of essential oils from Artemisia sieberi Besserand A. scoparia Waldst et Kiton nutritional indices of Tribolium castaneum Herbst was tested in this study. Several experiments were designed to measure the indices such as relative growth rate (RGR), relative consumption rate (RCR), efficiency ...
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Efficiency of essential oils from Artemisia sieberi Besserand A. scoparia Waldst et Kiton nutritional indices of Tribolium castaneum Herbst was tested in this study. Several experiments were designed to measure the indices such as relative growth rate (RGR), relative consumption rate (RCR), efficiency of conversion of ingested food (ECI) and feeding deterrent index (FDI). Treatments were evaluated by the method of flour disk bioassay in the dark, at 27 ±1 0C and 65 ±5% R. H. Several concentrations of 0, 0.1, 0.5, 0.75, 1, 1.5 and 2 mL/disk were prepared from each essential oil and 10 adult insects were introduced into each treatment. Then, ingested food and weight gained were measured three days later. Results showed that A. sieberi oil was highly effective compared to A. scoparia, and significantly decreased the RGR and RCR. Moreover, in higher concentration (2 mL/disk), the ECI (9.81%) was significantly low. The A. sieberi oil was more effective on FDI than A. scoparia.
M. Negahban; S. Moharramipour
Volume 22, Issue 4 , February 2007, , Pages 293-302
Abstract
Repellent activity and persistence of essential oil of Artemisia sieberi Besser were investigated against three stored product insect speciesCallosobruchus maculatus F., Sitophilus oryzae L. and Tribolium Castaneum Herbst at 27±1˚C, 65 ± 5 %R. H under dark condition. In this study, dry ...
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Repellent activity and persistence of essential oil of Artemisia sieberi Besser were investigated against three stored product insect speciesCallosobruchus maculatus F., Sitophilus oryzae L. and Tribolium Castaneum Herbst at 27±1˚C, 65 ± 5 %R. H under dark condition. In this study, dry ground leaves were subjected to hydrodistillation using a modified clevenger-type apparatus. On the basis of the LT50s, C. maculatus was killed faster than S. oryzae and T. castaneum. Also, persistence or half-life time of the oil for C. maculatus was significantly longer than S. oryzae and T. castaneum. However, the essential oil was significantly more repellent to T. castaneum than S. oryzae and C. maculatus. These results demonstrated the efficacy of A. sieberi oil for applying in organic food protection.
