S.H. Davoudi; A. Biabani; A. rahemi-karizaki; S.A.M. modares sanavi; E. Gholamalipor Alamdari; M. Zarei
Abstract
To investigate the effect of iron and zinc chelates on some quantitative and qualitative characteristics of medicinal plant black cumin (Nigella sativa L.), a factorial experiment was conducted in a randomized complete block design with three replications in two areas (the research farm of 1- Gonbad ...
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To investigate the effect of iron and zinc chelates on some quantitative and qualitative characteristics of medicinal plant black cumin (Nigella sativa L.), a factorial experiment was conducted in a randomized complete block design with three replications in two areas (the research farm of 1- Gonbad Kavous University in Golestan province and 2- Agriculture Faculty of Tarbiat Modares University in Tehran province). Experimental treatments included control )spray with pure water), and separate foliar spray of iron: iron nano-chelate at two levels of 1.5 and 4 per 1000 and iron chelate at 3 per 1000 and zinc: zinc nano-chelate at two levels of 1.5 and 3 per 1000 and zinc chelate at 3 per 1000. The treatments were applied in the 8-10 leaf stage and at the time of filling the capsules. The application of nano forms of iron and zinc chelates compared to the common forms had a significant relationship with yield and yield components and qualitative characteristics and increased them. Concentrations of 4 per 1000 of iron nano-chelate and 3 per 1000 of zinc nano-chelate caused the highest increase in seed yield (217.47 g m-2 in Gonbad and 288.67 g m-2 in Tehran), biological yield (582 g m-2 in Gonbad and 337.2 g m-2 in Tehran), harvest index (37.43% in Gonbad and 76.46% in Tehran), and oil percentage and yield. The highest numerical values for cell leakage (57.70 µmol g-1FW in Gonbad and 64.72 µmol g-1FW in Tehran) and prolin (13.40 mg g-1FW in Gonbad and 11.51 mg g-1FW in Tehran) were related to iron and zinc chelate treatments (common forms). Based on the results, the application of the nano form of iron and zinc, even at low concentrations, could positively affect the quantitative and qualitative yield.
S. Maleki Khezerlu; Z. Tahmasebi Sarvestani; S.A.M. Modarres Sanavi
Abstract
To study some quantitative and qualitative traits of Cucurbita pepo L. under fertilizer and water deficit stress, a trial was conducted in the research field of Tarbiat Modares University in 2011 and 2012 cropping years. In this study, the experiment was performed in factorial randomized completely block ...
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To study some quantitative and qualitative traits of Cucurbita pepo L. under fertilizer and water deficit stress, a trial was conducted in the research field of Tarbiat Modares University in 2011 and 2012 cropping years. In this study, the experiment was performed in factorial randomized completely block design with three replications. and water deficit at three levels (normal irrigation, withholdingirrigation at milk stage, withholdingirrigation and spraying sodium chlorate at milk stage). Results showed that nitrogen fertilizer treatment significantly affected all traits studied except seed number and stress treatment had significant effects on all traits except seed number, seed length, and stearic acid content at 1% level of significance. In this study, increasing water stress reduced the content of all traits studied except linoleic acid content. In addition, increased levels of nitrogen fertilizer led to the decreased content of all traits studied. The highest values for fruit and seed weight, seed width, seed diameter, oil, linoleic, oleic, palmetic, and stearic acid were obtained at a nitrogen fertilizer level of 60kg.ha-1. Totally, nitrogen fertilizer (60kg.ha-1) and control irrigation treatments are recommended as the most suitable treatments to gain maximum seed yield.
S.M. Hosseini; A. Sorooshzadeh; S.A.M. Modares Sanavi
Abstract
The objective of this research was to study the effect of substrate culture, axillary bud removing and mother corm size on daughter corm production and morphological traits of saffron plant (Crocus sativus L.) An experiment was carried out in factorial based on completely randomized design with four ...
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The objective of this research was to study the effect of substrate culture, axillary bud removing and mother corm size on daughter corm production and morphological traits of saffron plant (Crocus sativus L.) An experiment was carried out in factorial based on completely randomized design with four replications. Treatments included mother corm size (large 9.5-11 g or medium 6-7.5 g) substrates (perlite or soil), axillary buds removing (removing all axillary buds or no removing axillary buds). Results showed that the mother corm size had a significant effect on leaf dry weight, root dry weight, total dry weight of plants, daughter corm weight, and number of daughter corms. In addition, the large corms caused an increase in these traits. The highest root dry weight, root number, daughter corm dry weight, and total dry weight of plant were obtained in the perlite substrate. It was observed that the plants grown in the soil produced more as compared to those grown in the perlite. Although, root number and daughter corm size increased by the axillary buds removing, the number of daughter corms decreased by this treatment.
Sh. Shafiee Adib; M. Amini Dehaghi; S.A.M. Modares Sanavi
Abstract
In order to study the effects of biofertilizers on the quantity and quality of John’s wort (Hypericum perforatum L.), an experiment was conducted at Shahed University in 2010. The studied factors included phosphatic biofertilizer (inoculated and non-inoculated), phosphorous fertilizer at three ...
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In order to study the effects of biofertilizers on the quantity and quality of John’s wort (Hypericum perforatum L.), an experiment was conducted at Shahed University in 2010. The studied factors included phosphatic biofertilizer (inoculated and non-inoculated), phosphorous fertilizer at three levels (0, 100, 200 kg/h) and vermicompost (0, 5, 10 ton/h). The study was conducted in a factorial experiment in the form of a randomized complete blocks design (RCBD) with three replications. In addition, one plot was considered as control group in each replication to be compared with other plots in which only chemical fertilizers (NPK: 250, 200 and 100 kg/h) were used. Results showed that the highest biological yield, flowering shoot yield, and hypericin yield were obtained by applying vermicompost at 5 ton/ha, and there was no significant difference between the application rates of 5 and 10 ton/ha. The interaction effects of phosphatic biofertilizer (inoculated) and phosphorous fertilizer were significant, so that the highest biological yield, flowering shoot yield, hypericin yield and chlorophyll a were obtained by applying 100 kg/ha P2O5 plus phosphatic biofertilizer, having no significant difference with the application rate of 200 kg/ha P2O5. Significant differences were found between biofertilizer treatments and control group. According to the obtained results, it seems that biofertilizers can be considered as a replacement for chemical fertilizers.
S. Yousefzadeh; S.A.M. Modarres-Sanavy; F. Sefidkon; A. Asgarzadeh; A. Ghalavand; M. Roshdi; A. Safaralizadeh
Abstract
To determine the effect of biofertilizers and nitrogen on some morphologic traits and essential oil content of dragonhead (Dracocephalum moldavica L.), a field experiment was conducted as factorial in a randomized complete blocks design with 20 treatments and 3 replications. The study was performed in ...
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To determine the effect of biofertilizers and nitrogen on some morphologic traits and essential oil content of dragonhead (Dracocephalum moldavica L.), a field experiment was conducted as factorial in a randomized complete blocks design with 20 treatments and 3 replications. The study was performed in two locations during 2009-2010 on research field at Faculty of Agriculture, Tarbiat Modares University, and at the Khoy Agricultural Research Center in West Azarbaijan province. The treatments were consisted of two genotypes (landrace and SZK-1 cultivar), two seed inoculation treatments (either with or without bacterial inoculation with Azotobacter + Azosprillum + psedomonas) and five fertilization regimes (100% urea, 75% urea + 25% Azocompost, 50% urea + 50% Azocompost, 25% urea + 75% Azocompost and 100% Azocompost). Results showed that most of the studied morphologic traits were affected by genotype factor. The effect of fertilizer regime was significant on dry matter yield, percentage of essential oil and essential oil yield. The number of flowering branches in location one, and plant height, number of leaves per main stem and number of flowering branches in location two were affected by bacterial inoculation. Two-way interaction effects on a number of studied traits were significant. Three-way interaction effects were significant for the number of flowering branches in location one and the percentage of essential oil and dry matter yield in location two. The greatest plant height, height of the first flowering branch from ground level, number of leaves on the main stem, the number of lateral branches and essential oil yield were recorded for the landrace. The bacterial inoculation increased plant height, the number of leveas on the main stem, stem diameter and the number of flowering branches per plant. The application of 50% urea + 50% Azocompost increased dry matter yield, essential oil percentage and yield. The application of 100% Azocompost resulted in the least essential oil yield. Essential oil yield in landrace was more than that of SZK-1 cultivar. Bacterial inoculation could enhance the essential oil yield in both genotypes, particularly in landrace. In general, results showed that application of 50% urea + 50% Azocompost integrated with bacterial inoculation can be a suitable alternative to chemical fertilizers.
M. Alijani; M. Amini Dehaghi; M.A. Malboobi; M. Zahedi; S.A.M. Modares Sanavi
Abstract
In order to study the effect of triple super phosphate (in three levels of 0, 50 and 80 kilograms of pure phosphorus per hectare) with or without phosphorus bio-fertilizer (Barvar 2) on yield and essential oil production of Matricaria recutita L., an experiment was conducted in a factorial design based ...
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In order to study the effect of triple super phosphate (in three levels of 0, 50 and 80 kilograms of pure phosphorus per hectare) with or without phosphorus bio-fertilizer (Barvar 2) on yield and essential oil production of Matricaria recutita L., an experiment was conducted in a factorial design based on randomized complete blocks with three replications at research farm of Shahed University in Tehran, 2008. In this experiment, phonologic attributes (the time of appearance of the first bud and flower, number of flowers, fresh weight of flowers) and physiologic attributes (amount of essential oil and percentage of chamazulene) were studied. The results showed that there was a significant difference in the level of 1% among the treatments of phosphorus fertilizer with a view to yield (number of flowers and dry weight of flower) and the amount of 40 Kg phosphorus together with bio-fertilizer with production of 452.93 flowers and 7.74 grams of dry flower had the highest yield as compared with the other fertilizer treatments. Also the treatment of 40 kilograms of phosphorus together with bio-fertilizer with production of 0.53 milliliter essential oil and 15.81 percent chamazulene (effective ingredient) from 152/52 gr-1 m2 of dry flower had the highest yield of essential oil and chamazulene percentage. According to the results applying of 40 kilograms of phosphorus per hectare together with 80 kilograms of nitrogen with seeds inoculated by phosphorus biologic fertilizer of Barvar 2 is recommended.
S. Yousefzadeh; S.A.M. Modarres-Sanavy; F. Sefidkon; A. Asgarzadeh; A. ghalavand
Abstract
Dragonhead (Dracocephalum moldavica L.) is an annual plant that belongs to the (Labiate or Lamiaceae) family. The essential oil of dragonhead has natural antibacterial and antimicrobial substances and having wide usage in industries like pharmaceutical, dietary and many others. In this research, effects ...
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Dragonhead (Dracocephalum moldavica L.) is an annual plant that belongs to the (Labiate or Lamiaceae) family. The essential oil of dragonhead has natural antibacterial and antimicrobial substances and having wide usage in industries like pharmaceutical, dietary and many others. In this research, effects of different harvest times on content and composition of essential oil were studied in Research field at Khoy Agricultural Research Center in West Azarbaijan province. Dragonhead seeds from both landrace and modern cultivars were planted simultaneously. The aerial parts of plant were harvested in six stages. After drying the plant materials in shade, their essential oils were obtained by hydro-distillation. The oils were analyzed by GC and GC-MS. According to the results, maximum and minimum essential oils percentage for both landrace and modern cultivars were respectively observed in full flowering (0.53) and yellow-maturity stage (0.07). In addition, there were some differences between oil compositions of these dragonheadaccessions at different harvest times. The major oil components of dragonhead were the geranial, geraniol and geranyl acetate. The highest and the lowest sum total amount of geranial and geraniol were obtained at the early flowering (65.1%) and yellow-maturity (44.9%) for the landrace cultivar. The largest amount of geranyl acetate (50.7%) was gained for the modern cultivar at the early flowering stage while the least one (28.1%) was recorded for landrace cultivar plants 26 days after flowering when 10 to 30 percent of the flowers remained. The results showed that different harvest times had significant effects on essential oil content and composition.
K. Babaee; M. Amini Dehaghi; S.A.M. Modares Sanavi; R. Jabbari
Abstract
Water deficit stress, permanent or temporary, limits the growth and the distribution of natural vegetation and the performance of cultivated plants more than any other environmental factors. Mechanism involved is still not clear. Thyme (Thymus vulgaris L.) is an important medicinal plant in perfume and ...
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Water deficit stress, permanent or temporary, limits the growth and the distribution of natural vegetation and the performance of cultivated plants more than any other environmental factors. Mechanism involved is still not clear. Thyme (Thymus vulgaris L.) is an important medicinal plant in perfume and medical industry. In this research, the effects of water deficit stress on growth, yield, metabolites compatible (prolin) and oil composition of thyme (thymol) were studied. Complete randomized block design with 4 treatments and 4 replications have been used in 2006. Water deficit levels included control (100% field capacity), mild stress (85% field capacity), medium stress (70% field capacity) and severe stress (55% field capacity). The statistical analysis showed that water deficit had significant effect on growth parameters, yield biomass, prolin and thymol. Water stress decreased plant height, number of secondary branches, dry and fresh weight growth and root mass, dry and fresh weight root and length root. In addition, thymol percentage and prolin content increased with severe stress (55% field capacity). Morphological yield with secondary metabolites prolin and thymol were obversed with water deficit changes.
M. Alijani; M. Amini Dehaghi; S.A.M. Modares Sanavi; S. Mohammad Rezaye
Abstract
In order to investigate the effect of nitrogen fertilizer (0, 40 and 80 Kg from urea) and phosphorous fertilizer (0, 30 and 60 Kg from super phosphat treepal) on yield and essetial oil production of Matricaria recutita L. an experiment has been conducted on the basis of randomized complete block design ...
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In order to investigate the effect of nitrogen fertilizer (0, 40 and 80 Kg from urea) and phosphorous fertilizer (0, 30 and 60 Kg from super phosphat treepal) on yield and essetial oil production of Matricaria recutita L. an experiment has been conducted on the basis of randomized complete block design in three replications at 2007. The results showed that there is significant difference in number and dry weight of flowers between nitrogen fertilizer treatments at the level of 1%. Treatment of 40 kg nitrogen by producing 742.2 flower and 20.63 gr dry weight had the highest yield. Control samples produced 507.06 number of flowers and 10.06 gr dry weight, which is at itś lowest amount. Among phosphorous fertilizers, there is significant difference and the highest yield refers to 60 kg phosphate in hectare. It produced 816.26 number of flowers and 30.17 gr dry weight. Thus, the best recommended treatment is 2nd level of nitrogen fertilizer and 3rd level of phosphate fertilizer, with 40 kg nitrogen and 60 kg phosphate in every hectare. There was no significant difference in chamazolene percentage in all treatments.
E. Morteza; G.A. Akbari; S.A.M. Modares Sanavi; H. Aliabadi Farahani; B. Foghi; M. Abdoli
Abstract
In order to investigate the effects of sowing date and planting density on some of the growth characteristics of Valerian (Valeriana officinalis L.) and didrovaltrate content, an experiment was conducted from 2005-2006 at Experimental Farm in Abureyhan Campus, University of Tehran. The experiment performed ...
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In order to investigate the effects of sowing date and planting density on some of the growth characteristics of Valerian (Valeriana officinalis L.) and didrovaltrate content, an experiment was conducted from 2005-2006 at Experimental Farm in Abureyhan Campus, University of Tehran. The experiment performed in split plot form based on a complete randomized block design with four replications. The main factor was the sowing date with three levels (11 August, 1 and 22 September) and sub factor was plant density with three levels (40000, 80000 and 120000 plants/ hectare). Seeds of valerian provided from Medicinal Plants Research Division of Shahid Beheshti University. Didrovaltrate amount was measured by High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC). The results showed that sowing date and planting density had significant effect on root and rhizome length and diameter and percentage of didrovaltrate. The interaction effects of sowing date and planting density had significant difference on percentage of didrovaltrate, but no significant effect on other characters was seen. The highest root and rhizome length was obtained from sowing date of 11th August and 120000 plants per hectare and the highest diameter of root and rhizome were obtained from the combination of 11th August and 40000 plants per hectare. The results showed that maximum amount of didrovaltrate was obtained from the combination of 22nd September and 40000 plants per hectare.
E. Morteza; GH.A. Akbari; S.A.M Modares Sanavi; B. Foghi; M. Abdoli; H. Aliabadi Farahani
Abstract
In order to investigate the effect of sowing date and planting density on the essential oil content and compositionof valerian, this experiment was conducted in the years of 2005-2006 at Experimental Farm in Abureyhan Campus, University of Tehran. This experiment performed in split plot form based on ...
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In order to investigate the effect of sowing date and planting density on the essential oil content and compositionof valerian, this experiment was conducted in the years of 2005-2006 at Experimental Farm in Abureyhan Campus, University of Tehran. This experiment performed in split plot form based on a complete randomized block design with four replications. The main factor was the sowing date with three levels (11th August, 1st and 22nd September), sub factor was the density with three levels (40000, 80000 and 120000 plants/ hectare). Seeds of valerian providedbyresearch departmenton medicinal plants in University of Shahid Beheshti. After isolating essential oil from dried roots by the hydrodistillation method, composition of essential oil were identified by gas chromatography (GC) and GC/Mass spectrometry analysis. Number of 87 composition were identified in essential oil. Bornyl acetate, valerenal, camphene and valeranone were the highest percentage in other compositions of essential oil. According to the results, sowing date and planting density had significant effect on essential oil percentage and its composition (bornyl acetate, valerenal, camphene and valeranone) (P≤0.01). Interaction of sowing date and planting density had significant effect only on essential oil percentage (P≤0.05). Final results showed that the highest amount of essential oil percentage and its composition (bornyl acetate, valerenal, camphene, and valeranone) was obtained on 22nd September and 40000 plants per hectare.
