Agriculture and horticulture
Babak Bahreininejad; Fatemeh Sefidkon; M.H. Lebaschy; Zahra Jaberalansar
Abstract
Background and objectives: Awareness of changes in medicinal plant yield quantity and quality over time is one of the most important goals in agricultural management. Satureja mutica is one of the valuable medicinal species growing in Iran. This study was conducted to evaluate the effects of different ...
Read More
Background and objectives: Awareness of changes in medicinal plant yield quantity and quality over time is one of the most important goals in agricultural management. Satureja mutica is one of the valuable medicinal species growing in Iran. This study was conducted to evaluate the effects of different planting beds on changes in vegetative characteristics and essential oil components over the years of growth in S. mutica under rainfed conditions.Methodology: The experiment was conducted in the form of split plots in a randomized complete block design for three years (2018-2020) in the rainy conditions of Feridounshahr city, Isfahan province. Planting beds as the main plot included cow manure (30 tons per hectare), wheat straw (10 tons per hectare), and control (without cow manure and wheat straw). After the preparation of the field, the seedlings were planted at the bottom of the wells created at a distance of 50 x 50 cm from each other. During the growing season and at the time of 50% flowering, the studied traits including total plant dry weight, leaf and stem dry weight, plant height, crown diameter per plant, canopy area per plant, and in each square meter of land and the number of stems per plant were measured. For essential oil extraction, the flowering branches of the plants were harvested at the full flowering stage. After drying in the shade, the essential oil was extracted by the water distillation method. After determining the yield of essential oils based on the dry weight of the plant, the essential oils were analyzed and identified by gas chromatography, and gas chromatography was connected to a mass spectrometer in the phytochemistry laboratory of the Research Institute of Forests and Rangelands. Considering that the plant is several years old and measurements are carried out every year on fixed plots, the design analysis was done on divided plots at the time of implementation. The SAS computer program was used to perform statistical calculations, and the LSD test was applied to compare the means. For essential oil extraction, the flowering branch of the plant was harvested at the full flowering stage. After drying in the shade, the essential oil was extracted by the water distillation method. After determining the yield of essential oils based on the dry weight of the plant, the essential oils were analyzed and identified by gas chromatography, and gas chromatography was connected to a mass spectrometer in the phytochemistry laboratory of the Research Institute of Forests and Pastures. The SAS computer program was used to perform statistical calculations, and the LSD test was used to compare the means.Results: The variance analysis of the data showed that the effects of bed, year, and their interaction effects on the measured traits were significant in many cases. Results showed that the highest values of plant height, crown diameter, canopy area, and number of stems per plant in the first year were seen in manure treatment. In the last year, they were in control. The highest rates of total dry weight, leaf dry weight, essential oil yield, and essential oil percentage were observed in control in the last year. These rates were 1427, 891, 42 kg ha-1, and 4.67%, respectively. The main essential oil components are thymol, carvacrol, p-cymene, and gamma-terpinene. These essential oil components are affected by the planting bed and the growth year. So in the case of p-cymene, the highest amount obtained in the first year was in the straw treatment. The highest amounts of gamma-terpinene were observed in all three planting bed treatments in the last year of growth. S. mutica had significant amounts of thymol, and the trend of changes among planting bed treatments and during growing years was very small. The highest amounts of carvacrol were observed in straw treatment and animal manure in the second year of growth. The results of the correlation coefficients showed that the most vital traits affecting essential oil yield were total dry weight, leaf and stem, and essential oil percentage. Thymol and p-cymene were inversely correlated with carvacrol and gamma-terpinene.Conclusion: On the whole, to produce S. mutica under rainfed conditions similar to this study, manure or straw could affect yield and essential oil over the first and second years; however, in the third year, this effect diminished, and control treatment was superior to straw and manure treatments.
Agriculture and horticulture
J. Maleki; E. Sharifi Ashoorabadi; M. Mirza; H. Heydari Sharif Abad; M.H. Lebaschy
Abstract
To investigate the effects of soil fertility methods on economic yield and essential oil compositions of Nigella sativa L., an experiment was conducted in a randomized complete block design with three replications. Experimental treatments included different levels of NPK chemical fertilizer, manure, ...
Read More
To investigate the effects of soil fertility methods on economic yield and essential oil compositions of Nigella sativa L., an experiment was conducted in a randomized complete block design with three replications. Experimental treatments included different levels of NPK chemical fertilizer, manure, NPK+ manure, and NPK+ manure+ inoculation of Azorizobium biofertilizer. Seed yield, aerial parts yield, and percentage, yield, and essential oil compounds were studied. The results showed that the highest seed yield (1270.43 kg.ha-1) was obtained in the 40 kg.ha-1 N+ 32 kg.ha-1 P+ 40 kg.ha-1 K+ 30 ton.ha-1 manure treatment. The highest percentage (0.25%) and essential oil yield (2.8 kg.ha-1) was obtained in the 40 kg.ha-1 N+ 32 kg.ha-1 P+ 40 kg.ha-1 K+ 30 ton.ha-1 manure+ Azurizobium treatment. The highest thymoquinone percentage (14.9%) was observed in the 30 ton.ha-1 manure treatment. Overall, the integrated and biological treatments had the most positive effects on seed yield and essential oil percentage of N. sativa. The use of suitable fertilizer sources not only increased the yield, essential oil percentage, and thymoquinone content in Nigella sativa, but also reduced the consequences of excessive use of chemical fertilizers. The use of integrated fertilization methods is an effective step to achieve the sustainable agriculture goals.
Agriculture and horticulture
B. Yousefi; M.H. Lebaschy; F. Sefidkon; H. Safari
Abstract
To investigate the effects of planting density and organic fertilizers on the yield traits of Satureja spicigera (K.Koch) Boiss. under the Kermanshah rainfed conditions, an experiment was conducted as a split-plot based on complete randomized block design (CRBD) with three replications in Kermanshah ...
Read More
To investigate the effects of planting density and organic fertilizers on the yield traits of Satureja spicigera (K.Koch) Boiss. under the Kermanshah rainfed conditions, an experiment was conducted as a split-plot based on complete randomized block design (CRBD) with three replications in Kermanshah Agricultural and Natural Resources Research Center in 2016-2020 crop years. The main factor and sub-factor were fertilizer (rotten cow manure, enriched straw, and field soil (control)) and plant density (2.66, 4, and 8 plants.m-2), respectively. To have the desired densities, plants were grown with a distance of 50 cm between the rows and 25, 50, and 75 cm on the rows. The results showed that the traits including diameter, height, canopy area, fresh and dry weight of plant, fresh and dry yield per hectare, and essential oil yield per hectare were significantly different between the years, plant densities, and fertilizer treatments. The highest fresh yield (3639.3 kg.ha-1) was obtained in the rotten cow manure+ high plant density treatment and the highest dry yield (2105 kg.ha-1) and essential oil yield (72.59 kg.ha-1) in the enriched straw+ high plant density one. The results showed that the best fertilizer and plant density treatment for S. spicigera was straw enriched with ammonium sulfate and 8 plants.m-2.
Agriculture and horticulture
B. Yoosefi; F. Sefidkon; M. Mirza; M.H. Lebaschy
Abstract
Satureja mutica Fisch. & C. A. Mey. is one of the native savory species of Iran that has received much attention due to its high essential oil content and phenolic compound of thymol. Determination the most suitable and best planting density as well as soil fertility is very important in increasing ...
Read More
Satureja mutica Fisch. & C. A. Mey. is one of the native savory species of Iran that has received much attention due to its high essential oil content and phenolic compound of thymol. Determination the most suitable and best planting density as well as soil fertility is very important in increasing the quantitative and qualitative yield of medicinal plants. In this study, to investigate the effects of plant density and feeding with organic fertilizers on quantitative and qualitative yield of essential oils in Satureja mutica Fisch. & C. A. Mey. under rainfed conditions, an experiment was conducted as split plots in a randomized complete block design with 3 replications in the Research and Education Center of Agriculture and Natural Resources of Kermanshah province in 3 crop years (2018-2020). The main factor included 3 fertilizer treatments and the sub-factor was 3 densities (2.66, 4, and 8 plants per square meter) in rows with a distance of 50 cm and with 3 planting distances (25, 50, and 75 cm). Plant aerial parts were harvested at full flowering stage and their essential oil (EO) was extracted by hydrodistillation method. EO yield was calculated according to the plant dry weight and its chemical compounds were identified using GC and GC/MS. The results showed that percentage and EO chemical composition did not show any difference between the years. There was a significant difference between the fertilizer treatments for the percentage and EO yield and thymol, carvacrol, and other EO chemical compounds at the level of 1%. There was a significant difference between the planting densities only for EO yield. Thymol had a positive relationship with the treatments of enriched straw and then rotten cow manure and the highest amount (53.2%) was observed in the enriched straw treatment. Carvacrol with the highest amount of 9.2%, showed a positive relationship with the rotten cow manure treatment.
Agriculture and horticulture
J. Maleki; E. Sharifi Ashourabadi; M. Mirza; H. Heydari Sharifabad; M.H. Lebaschy
Abstract
To investigate the effects of soil fertility methods on the quantitative yield and oil of medicinal plant black cumin (Nigella sativa L.), an experiment was conducted in a randomized complete blocks design with three replications. Experimental treatments included different levels of NPK chemical fertilizers, ...
Read More
To investigate the effects of soil fertility methods on the quantitative yield and oil of medicinal plant black cumin (Nigella sativa L.), an experiment was conducted in a randomized complete blocks design with three replications. Experimental treatments included different levels of NPK chemical fertilizers, different levels of manure, combination of NPK+manure, and combination of NPK+manure with Azorhizobium biofertilizer inoculation. The results showed that plant nutrition increased plant height, plant dry weight, number of lateral branches, leaf area index, number of capsules per plant, number of seeds per capsule, grain yield, biological yield, relative leaf water content, and percentage and oil yield. The highest quantitative and qualitative characteristics were obtained in the chemical nutrition in the treatment of NPK: 120-96-120 (kg ha-1) and in the manure nutrition in the treatment of manure: 20 ton ha-1. In the chemical+manure combined method, the treatment of NPK: 40-32-40 (kg ha-1)+manure: 30 ton ha-1 was the best one. In the chemical+manure+biological combined method, the treatment of manure: 30 ton ha-1+ Azorhizobium+ NPK: 40-32-40 (kg ha-1) was observed as the most appropriate treatment. Overall, the combined treatment of NPK: 40-32-40 (kg ha-1) + manure: 30 ton ha-1+ Azorhizobium had the most positive effect on improving the biological yield and black cumin oil percentage, which also had the lowest amount of chemical fertilizer.
M.H. Lebaschi; E. Sharifi Ashourabadi; M. Makizadeh Tafti; A.H. Talebpour; J. Hasani; Kh. Karimzadeh; S. Asadi sanam
Abstract
In order to study the effect of plant density on some quantitative and qualitative characteristics of Thymus pubescens Boiss. & Kotschy ex Celak under rainfed conditions, a field experiment was conducted in a randomized complete block design with three replications in three different dry farming ...
Read More
In order to study the effect of plant density on some quantitative and qualitative characteristics of Thymus pubescens Boiss. & Kotschy ex Celak under rainfed conditions, a field experiment was conducted in a randomized complete block design with three replications in three different dry farming regions of the country during two years. Experimental treatments consisted of plant density (25, 35 and 50 cm between plants on rows equal to 8, 6 and 4 plant/m2, respectively), time (first and second year after planting) and location (East Azarbayjan, Kordestan, and Tehran). The traits including plant height, canopy diameter, dry matter yield of aerial parts, essential oil yield and content were measured at full flowering stage. The results of ANOVA indicated the significant effect of density, location and time and their interaction on all traits studied. The highest dry matter yield (1147 kg ha-1) was obtained in both two years in Tehran at 8 plant/m2. Kordestan with 2.25% and East Azarbayjan with 0.43% had the highest and lowest essential oil percentage, respectively. In density × location interaction, the highest amount of essential oil yield was obtained in Kordestan (21.73 kg ha-1) and Tehran (17.88 kg ha-1) at a density of 8 plant/m2. Thymus pubescens showed higher dry matter and essential oil yield under high plant density, indicating the establishment and adaptation of the species to different rainfed regions of the country especially Damavand and Kordestan.
S.R. Tabaei-Aghdaei; M. Abootorabi Najafabadi; M.H. Lebaschi; A. Najafi-Ashtiani; A.A. Jafari; F. Sefidkon; L. Mirjani
Abstract
To evaluate biomass and oil percentage at flowering stage in different accessions of medicinal plants Satureja spicigera (C. Koch) Boiss. (spic1, spic2, spic3)and S. sahendica Bornm. (sah1, sah2, sah3, sah4, sah5, sah6)under dry farming condition, an experiment was carried out based on three-replicated ...
Read More
To evaluate biomass and oil percentage at flowering stage in different accessions of medicinal plants Satureja spicigera (C. Koch) Boiss. (spic1, spic2, spic3)and S. sahendica Bornm. (sah1, sah2, sah3, sah4, sah5, sah6)under dry farming condition, an experiment was carried out based on three-replicated randomized complete block design in Damavand, Iran in 2014. Variance analysis showed significant differences (P<0.01) between two species for all the traits with the higher values for S. spicigera. Based on means comparison, higher dry shoot weight per plant(108.5 g) was detected in S. spicigera compared to S. sahendica with 25.82g. The highest amount of dry shoot weight per plant was obtained from spic2 accession (183.5g) in S. spicigera and from sah2 (45.51 g) in S. sahendica.Also, S. spicigera showed higher oil content (2.65%) compared to S. sahendica with 1.34%. Spic2 with the highest amount of oil (2.90%, 36.10 kg/ha) could be the best accession for cultivation under dry farming condition of Damavand. Considering lower plant canopy diameter in S. sahendica (32.19 cm) compared to S. spicigera (54.90cm), biomass and oil yield increase is possible with higher plant density. Furthermore, considering dry shoot weigh, plant height, plant canopy and day to flowering as selection indices, sah2 could be proposed as superior genotype of S. sahendica for dry land farming in Damavand or similar climates.
M.H. Lebaschi; E. Sharifi Ashoorabadi; M. Makizadeh Tafti; S. Asadi-Sanam; Kh. Karimzadeh Asl
Abstract
In order to evaluate the effect of plant density on quantitative and qualitative yieldof three species of Thymus under dry farming conditions in Tehran (Damavand), Kurdistan and Kermanshah provinces, an experiment was conducted in a randomized block design based on split plot with three replications ...
Read More
In order to evaluate the effect of plant density on quantitative and qualitative yieldof three species of Thymus under dry farming conditions in Tehran (Damavand), Kurdistan and Kermanshah provinces, an experiment was conducted in a randomized block design based on split plot with three replications during three years (2009-2011). The treatments were included three species (T. vulgaris L., T. daenensis Celak.and T. kotschyanus Boiss. & Hohen.) and three planting densities (4, 6 and 8 plant/m2), which were considered as main and sup-plots, respectively. Shoot dry matter yield, essential oil content, yield and essential oil components were determined. Results showed that the four-interaction effect (density, species, year and province) was significant on dry matter content, calculated to be from 75 to 5172 kg/h in different treatments. The maximum dry matter yield was observed at a density of 6 plant/m2 for T. daenensis in Kermanshah in the third year of experiment. The highest essential oil yield was obtained at a density of 8 plant/m2 for T. daenensis in Kermanshah in the second year of experiment. The maximum thymol content (80.33%) was related to T. daenensis inDamavand at a density of 6 plant/m2 in the third year of experiment. Overall, high production capacity of T. daenensis in the study provinces indicates the adaptation and economic yield of this native and valuable species.
M.H. Lebaschy; E. Sharifi Ashoorabadi; B. Abbass zadeh
Volume 20, Issue 4 , January 2018, , Pages 441-455
Abstract
In order to optimizing nitrogen application for Hypericum perforatum production, a completely randomized block design (CRBD) was carried out with 6 treatments and 3 replications. The nitrogen application treatments were 0, 30, 60, 90, 120 and 150 kg Nha-1. In 1999 hypericin produced by application of ...
Read More
In order to optimizing nitrogen application for Hypericum perforatum production, a completely randomized block design (CRBD) was carried out with 6 treatments and 3 replications. The nitrogen application treatments were 0, 30, 60, 90, 120 and 150 kg Nha-1. In 1999 hypericin produced by application of 150 kg Nha-1 in the first harvest and 90 kg Nha-1 in the second harvest were in the maximum rates. Also hypericin yield have no significant difference among 90, 120 and 150-kg Nha-1 treatments in both harvests. In the first harvest from 1999 max. harvest index was 37% in control and min. was 27.7% which obtain in 150 kg Nha-1 treatment. Hypericin yield in first and second harvests of 1999 and also mean annuals among the medium and max. nitrogen application treatments, have not significant difference. Thus it seems application medium rates of nitrogen (90 kg Nha-1) is sufficient for producing high hypericin yield and also this medicinal plant couldnt consumes high fertilizer.
A. Kazeminasab; M. Yarnia; M.H. Lebaschi; B. Mirshekar; F. Rajali
Abstract
Effects of vermicompost and plant growth promoting biofertilizers on the essential oil composition of lemon balm (Melissa officinalis L.) were studied under different irrigation conditions. The study was conducted in a split-split plot experiment based on a randomized complete block design with ...
Read More
Effects of vermicompost and plant growth promoting biofertilizers on the essential oil composition of lemon balm (Melissa officinalis L.) were studied under different irrigation conditions. The study was conducted in a split-split plot experiment based on a randomized complete block design with three replications, at Research Institute of Forests and Rangelands.Treatments included irrigation in two levels (100 and 60% FC drought stress), vermicompost in three levels (0, 5 and 10t/ha) and plant growth promoting biofertilizers in four levels (Pseudomonas fluorescence, Azotobacter + Azospirillum, Azotobacter + Azospirillum + P. fluorescence, and the control). The essential oil components including citronellal, geraniol, neral, β-caryophyllene and methyl citronellat were studied. The interaction of irrigation × vermicompost showed significant effect on citronellal at P≤0.01 and on geraniol and methyl citronellat at P≤0.05. Mean comparison of irrigation indicated that the highest and lowest citronellal, geraniol, neral and β-caryophyllene, were obtained for drought stress and normal irrigation (100% FC), respectively. The highest and lowest methyl citronellat were recorded for the normal irrigation and drought stress (60% FC), respectively. Mean comparison of the effect of vermicompost showed that the highest (47.7%) and lowest (45%) citronellal were obtained for 10 t/ha vermicompost and control treatments, respectively. Application of 5 t/ha vermicompost resulted in the highest β-caryophyllene (6%). Mean comparison of the biofertilizers indicated that Azotobacter + Azospirillum + P. fluorescence had the highest citronellal (47.2%) and β-caryophyllene (5.9%); the lowest citronellal (45.6%) and β-caryophyllene (5.1%) were achieved in the control. Drought stress increased the essential oil compounds. Vermicompost just affected the citronellal. In addition, PGPR had a positive effect only on citronellal and β-caryophyllene.
E. Sharifi Ashoorabadi; H. Rouhipour; M.H. Assareh; S.R. Tabei Aghdaei; M.H. Lebaschy; B. Naderi
Abstract
In order to investigate of water requirement in Rosa damascene Mill., an experiment was carried out in the Alborz Research Center in 2012. The lysimeters with drainage system were used for Rosa damascene (adult plant), Medicago sativa (reference plant) and control group (only soil). For each lysimeter, ...
Read More
In order to investigate of water requirement in Rosa damascene Mill., an experiment was carried out in the Alborz Research Center in 2012. The lysimeters with drainage system were used for Rosa damascene (adult plant), Medicago sativa (reference plant) and control group (only soil). For each lysimeter, the soil moisture content was measured by weighting method before and after applying irrigation treatments based on the field capacity. The amount of water requirement and run-off were measured in each lysimeter. The evapotranspiration of Rosa damascene (ETc) and reference plant (ETo) was estimated by lysimeter. The plant coefficient of Rosa damascene (Kc) was calculated by ETc/ETo ratio. In order to comparison of lysimeter data with indirect methods, the Blaney Criddle and Penman-Monteith methods (corrected by FAO) were used to determine the evapotranspiration in reference plant. According to the obtained results, WUE and ETo in Rosa damascene were calculated to be 2.18 and 46.0, respectively. The evapotarnspiration of Rosa damascene after 820 GDD in full flowering, was 111 mm. The ETc after 3740 GDD in the late stage was estimated to be 1147 mm. The evapotarnspiration of reference plants, after 3833 GDD, in lysimeter, Blaney Criddle and Penman-Monteith methods were 1247, 1392 and 1160 mm, respectively. Based on results, a similar estimation of ETo content was obtained by lysimetr and computational methods.
S.M. Mehdizadeh; A. Zarei; H. Lotfollahin; F. Mirzaei; M.H. Lebaschi; M. Haji Mohammadi
Abstract
This study was carried out using a completely randomized design to evaluate the effects of different levels of dietary inclusions of Aleo vera gel, probiotics and antibiotic on performance, immune response and egg qualitative traits in 288 commercial laying hens (Hy – line) at the age of 29 weeks ...
Read More
This study was carried out using a completely randomized design to evaluate the effects of different levels of dietary inclusions of Aleo vera gel, probiotics and antibiotic on performance, immune response and egg qualitative traits in 288 commercial laying hens (Hy – line) at the age of 29 weeks for 84 days. Hens were divided into six treatments and 4 replicates with 12 birds each and were offered standard feed ration with free water. The treatments were as follows: T1= Control groups (without feed additive), T2= T1+ 80mg antibiotics/kg feed, T3= T1+ Aleovera gel 1.5%/kg feed, T4= T1+ Aleovera gel 3%/kg feed, T5=T1+ probiotics 0.05%/kg feed and T6= T1+ probiotics 0.1%/kg feed. Results showed that, Aleovera gel had significant effects on egg production, feed efficiency and egg mass as compared to control groups (p<0.05), but the highest feed efficiency was belonged to probiotics treatments compared to the rest (p<0.05). No significant difference was observed in egg qualitative traits like hugh unit, yolk coloration, egg specific gravity, and egg shell strength between experimental diets and control group (p<0.05). Experimental diet containing 1% probiotic caused a reduction in blood cholesterol as compared to other experimental groups (p<0.05). Diet supplemented by inclusions of probiotic at 0.1%/kg feed had significant effect on IgM and IgG level, antibody titre against Newcastle disease virus and antibody titre against sheep red blood cell (p<0.05). Finally, probiotic treatments performed well with excellent results on antibody titre against sheep red blood cell as compared to control and other related treatments throughout the experimental period (p<0.05). Aleo vera treatments performed well with excellent results on antibody titre against Newcastle disease virus as compared to control and other related treatments throughout the experimental period (p<0.05). Therefore, it is concluded that the application of Aleo Vera product could improve the performance of the laying hens and consequently increases the economic profit.
M. Mohammadpour; A. Ghasemnejad; M.H. Lebaschy; B. Abbaszadeh; M. Azadbakht
Abstract
Summer savory (Satureja hortensis L., Lamiaceae) is a well known medicinal and aromatic plant, native to Southern Europe, Anatolia, Caucasus, Iraq and western Iran, but nowadays it is cultivated worldwide. In order to evaluate the effect of sowing date and plant density on the yield and morphological ...
Read More
Summer savory (Satureja hortensis L., Lamiaceae) is a well known medicinal and aromatic plant, native to Southern Europe, Anatolia, Caucasus, Iraq and western Iran, but nowadays it is cultivated worldwide. In order to evaluate the effect of sowing date and plant density on the yield and morphological characteristics of Satureja hortensis L. a field experiment was conducted in Sary Agricultural University using split-plot design based on randomized complete blocks with three replications during 2010. Main factors were three sowing dates (11 April, 22 April and 3 May) and sub factors were three plant density (15×35, 25×35 and 35×35cm). The species were investigated at full flowering stage. Sowing date and plant density had significant effects on most of the morphological characteristics. According to the results of mean comparison, the highest plant height (52.3 cm), lateral shoot (23.22 N/P), number of nod (17.81), shoot diameter (8.8 mm), root diameter (9.12 mm) and dry weight of root (2.76 g/p) were recorded for first sowing date. Delay in sowing time increased the dry shoot yield significantly as the highest dry shoot yield (3023.1 and 2663.9 kg/ha) was obtained at third and second sowing time. The result of mean comparison showed that the highest root diameter (9.33mm) and dry weight of root (2.56 g/p) were recorded for third density. In addition, the highest plant height (53.03 and 51.09 cm), lateral stem (21.94 and 21.79 N/P), number of nod (17.06 and 16.32) and shoot diameter (7.92 and 7.4 mm) were obtained at third and second densities. Plant density had no significant effect on dry shoot yield. The obtained results showed that morphological characteristics of Satureja hortensis were affected by agronomic treatments and growth performance may be enhanced by proper management.
R. Taheri; M.H. Lebaschy; A. Zakerin; M. Bakhtiari Ramezani; A. Borjian; M. Makkizadeh Tafti
Abstract
In order to study the effects of plant density on yield and essential oil yield of four species of thymus, an experiment was conducted at Homand Research Station as a split plot in a randomized complete block design with three replications. Main plots were four species including Thymus daenensis, T. ...
Read More
In order to study the effects of plant density on yield and essential oil yield of four species of thymus, an experiment was conducted at Homand Research Station as a split plot in a randomized complete block design with three replications. Main plots were four species including Thymus daenensis, T. pubescens, T. kotschyanus and T.vulgaris and sub plots were three levels of plant density including 25, 35 and 50 cm row spacing. Measured characteristics included height, number of lateral branches, root length, canopy diameter, root dry weight, fresh and dry yield, essential oil percentage and yeild. Results indicated significant differences in terms of measured traits. Among the measured traits, the effect of density was significant on number of lateral branch, canopy dimeter, fresh yield, and root dry weight. According to the results of interaction effect between species and density, the highest dry yield and essential oil content (%) was obtained at 25 cm row spacing in T.kotschyanus and the lowest was recorded at 50 cm row spacing in T. daenensis. Results showed that the highest essential oil yield was obtained at 25 cm row spacing for T. kotschyanus and T. daenensis.
M. Niknejad; M.H. Lebaschy; K. Jaimand; F. Hatami
Abstract
Manure management is a major factor in cultivation of medicinal plants. Utilization of proper fertilizers due to optimizing the plant growth could have positive effects on quality and quantity indicators. In order to investigate the effects of organic and chemical fertilizers on essential oil and components ...
Read More
Manure management is a major factor in cultivation of medicinal plants. Utilization of proper fertilizers due to optimizing the plant growth could have positive effects on quality and quantity indicators. In order to investigate the effects of organic and chemical fertilizers on essential oil and components of Matricaria chamomilla L., an experiment was conducted using complete randomized blocks design with three replications at Research Institute of Forests and Rangelands during 2009-2010. Treatments were five fertilizers; chemical fertilizer (Ammonium phosphate) 150 Kg/ha, organic mixture (Bovine) 12 tons/ha, and chemical fertilizer 75 kg/ha, vermicompost (derived from wood waste) 7500 kg/ha, compost (plant debris) 24 tons/ha and control (no fertilizer). Results showed that the mixture treatment (organic and chemical) had the most influence on increasing the quality and quantity of phytochemical characteristics. Maximum essential oil yield (0.37 gr) and beta-ocimene (0.43%) were obtained with mixed fertilizer bysignificant difference compared to control and other treatments. Mixed fertilizers treatment caused an increase in most of the other compounds of Matricaria chamomilla compared with other treatments.
M. Hamisi; F. Sefidkon; M. Nasri; M.H. Lebaschi
Abstract
For investigating the effects of nitrogen, phosphor and bovine fertilizers on essential oil content and composition of feverfew (Tanacetum parthenium L.), an experiment was arranged based on Complete Randomized Blocks Design, in three replication, from February 2009 to October 2010, at research farm ...
Read More
For investigating the effects of nitrogen, phosphor and bovine fertilizers on essential oil content and composition of feverfew (Tanacetum parthenium L.), an experiment was arranged based on Complete Randomized Blocks Design, in three replication, from February 2009 to October 2010, at research farm of Research Institute of Forests and Rangelands. The treatments were: 1- nitrogen fertilizer in three levels (60, 90, 120 kg/ha), 2- triple superphosphate fertilizer in two levels (60 and 80 kg/ha) and the 3- bovine fertilizer in three levels (0, 15 and 30 tons/ha). The aerial parts of the plants were collected at the beginning of flowering and after drying their essential oils were obtained by hydro-distillation and analyzed by GC and GC/MS. The results showed that different levels of urea fertilizer had significant effects on essential oil percentage and yield at level of 1%. Also, nitrogen fertilizer had significant effects on percentage of chrysanthenyl acetate and santolina triene. Bovine fertilizer had also significant effects on oil percentage and yield, camphor, camphene and santolina triene percentage at level of 5%. The highest amounts of oil percentage (0.32%) and yield (19 kg/h) were obtained by application of 60 Kg/h urea fertilizer. In addition, GC and GC/MS analysis showed different levels of bovine fertilizer had significant effect on percentages of main components of feverfew essential oil.
E. Sharifi Ashoorabadi; H. Rouhipour; M.H. Assareh; M.H Lebaschy; B. Abaszadeh; B. Naderi; M. Rezaei sarkhosh
Abstract
To investigate the crop water requirement of yarrow (Achillea millefolium L.), an experiment was carried out in the Alborz Research Complex during 2007-2008. Crop water requirement was determined using Penman-Monteith method and lysimetery. The Penman-Monteith method was used to estimate the evapotranspiration ...
Read More
To investigate the crop water requirement of yarrow (Achillea millefolium L.), an experiment was carried out in the Alborz Research Complex during 2007-2008. Crop water requirement was determined using Penman-Monteith method and lysimetery. The Penman-Monteith method was used to estimate the evapotranspiration of the hypothetical reference crop with fixed crop parameters. The Kc coefficients for Achillea millefolium were calculated to be 0.16, 0.45, 1.05 and 0.81 for the initial, development, middle and the late stages (80 percent of plant flowering) of growth, respectively. According to the results, Achillea millefolium could be recommended for dry land farming areas with minimum 149.72 mm annual rainfall.
Z. Nemati Lafmajani; S.R. Tabaei-Aghdaei; M.H. Lebaschi; A.A. Jafari; A. Najafi Ashtiani; M. Daneshkhah
Abstract
In this research, effects of different traits on flower yield of 12 Rosa damascena Mill. accessions from different regions of Iran were analyzed under irrigation (control) and non-irrigation with and without mulch conditions. Randomized complete block designs were applied with three replications at Research ...
Read More
In this research, effects of different traits on flower yield of 12 Rosa damascena Mill. accessions from different regions of Iran were analyzed under irrigation (control) and non-irrigation with and without mulch conditions. Randomized complete block designs were applied with three replications at Research Station of Homand Absard, Damavand, Iran. Flower weight, flower number, flower dry matter percentage, oil percentage, oil yield (per ha), petal weight, plant height and canopy cover were recorded. According to the correlation analysis, flower yield positively correlated with petal weight under non-irrigation with mulch, irrigated (control) and non-irrigation without mulch conditions. The statistical multivariate methods were also applied included multivariate linear regression and path analyses. Using three separate stepwise-regression analysis made it possible to determine the traits with most important impacts on the flower yield, under irrigation (control) and non-irrigation with and without mulch conditions. Flower number, petal weight, oil yield, and oil percentage under non-irrigation without mulch totally explained 91.7% of the variation among genotypes in the regression model. Petal weight, plant cover, and diameter of the species under irrigation (control) totally explained 98.6% of the variation among genotypes in the regression model. Oil percentage, oil yield, petal weight, plant height and flower number per ha under non-irrigation with mulch totally explained 90.6% of the variation among genotypes in the regression model. The results indicated that petal weight has the most direct impact on flower yield based on the path analysis and oil yield showed a negative direct effect on the flower yield under non-irrigation (without mulch) condition. Oil percentage, oil yield, petal weight, plant height and flower number per plant under non-irrigation with mulch, irrigated (control) and non-irrigation without mulch totally explained 95/5% of the variation among genotypes in the regression model. Petal weight had the highest direct impact on flower yield based on the path analysis under irrigation and non-irrigation conditions. Therefore, it is possible to consider petal weight as a magnificent character to improve flower yield of Rosa damascene.
M.K. Soltani Gerdfaramarzi; H. Omidi; H. Habibi; M.H. Lebaschy; A. Zarezadeh
Abstract
For assigning of drought stress and glycine betaine effects on yield, yield components and essential oil in German chamomile (Matricaria chamomilla L.) genotypes,a field experiment was conducted in the Field of the Agricultural Educational Center of Yazd in 2008-2009 Cropping season. The experiment was ...
Read More
For assigning of drought stress and glycine betaine effects on yield, yield components and essential oil in German chamomile (Matricaria chamomilla L.) genotypes,a field experiment was conducted in the Field of the Agricultural Educational Center of Yazd in 2008-2009 Cropping season. The experiment was established as a randomized complete blocks design using a split plot factorial with 4 replication arrangement and three factors including drought stress at three levels (irrigation at 60, 120, 180 mm evaporation pan class A) in main plots and factorial combination of Glycine betaine (no foliar application, 2, 4 kg/ha foliar application) and cultivars (Isfahan mass and Hungary breed seed) in subplot. Plant height, plant flower number, dry flower yield and relative water content were measured. Results showed there are indirect relations between drought stresses and plant height, plant flower number, dry flower yield and relative water content. Also results showed that 2 kg/ha foliar application of Glycine betaine was better than others and there are no significant different between cultivars.
M.H. Lebaschy; E. Sharifi Ashoorabadi; M. Bakhtiary
Abstract
The extensive waste dry lands of Iran, shows necessity of selection and cultivation of tolerant and suite plants for more production, cover green and erosion inhibition under dry farming system. Effects of plant density on seed yield and yield components of Foeniculum vulgare Mill. Had been studied under ...
Read More
The extensive waste dry lands of Iran, shows necessity of selection and cultivation of tolerant and suite plants for more production, cover green and erosion inhibition under dry farming system. Effects of plant density on seed yield and yield components of Foeniculum vulgare Mill. Had been studied under Damavand dry farming in 2003-2007. This experiment was conducted under RCBD with using 3 plants densities and 4 replications. The results showed significant differences among the densities treatments in dry matter, seed yield, plant height, seed weight per plant and 1000 kernel weight in the third year. The Fennel yield's of dry matter in the first, second and third year of experiment were 1229, 779 and 2079 kg ha-1 and seed yield reached to 611, 280 and 712 kg ha-1, respectively. Finally Foeniculum vulgare could be considered as a tolerant and adaptable medicinal plant under dry land of Damavand and similar cold regions.
E. Sharifi Ashoorabadi; M.H. Lebaschy; A. Matin; B. Naderi; M. Rezaei; M. Gholypoor; K. Alizadeh Anaraki; B. Allahverdi
Abstract
In order to study the effects of irrigation and dry farming condition on growth indices of yarrow (Achillea millefolium L.) an experiment was carried out in Alborz Research Center during 2005-2006. In the first year after planting, the plants viability investigated in dry farming condition and growth ...
Read More
In order to study the effects of irrigation and dry farming condition on growth indices of yarrow (Achillea millefolium L.) an experiment was carried out in Alborz Research Center during 2005-2006. In the first year after planting, the plants viability investigated in dry farming condition and growth physiological indices were determined. In the second year, the treatments were irrigated based on total accumulated evaporation from class A pan namely at the rate of 30 mm (mild stress), 60 mm (medium stress), 90 mm (severe stress), full irrigation (no stress) and no irrigation (control). For each treatment, the soil moisture content was measured by weighting method (daily) before and after applying irrigation treatments. The amount of water requires for each treatment was measured by water meter.In the second year, the growth physiological indices were also determined. The results showed that, at the first year, dry matter cumulated to 2250 GDD then reduced during growth. In second year, the plants with no irrigation were died. In other treatments, by increasing soil moisture from severe to medium, the dry mater cumulative and Leaf area index increased. In all of the stress treatments, decreasing in plant growth was observed in 3000 GDD. The results showed that, mild water stress had highest performance than other treatments.
S.A.R. Valadabadi; M.H. Lebaschi; H. Aliabadi Farahani
Abstract
Growth indices are useful for interpreting plant reaction to environmental factors. In order to study the effects of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF), P2O5 fertilizer and irrigation according to physiological growth indices of coriander, this experiment was conducted at Iran Research Institute of Forest ...
Read More
Growth indices are useful for interpreting plant reaction to environmental factors. In order to study the effects of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF), P2O5 fertilizer and irrigation according to physiological growth indices of coriander, this experiment was conducted at Iran Research Institute of Forest and Rangelands in 2006. Field experiment was carried out in split factorial based randomized complete block design with 4 replications. The factors studied included application and non-application of mycorrhiza (Glomus hoi), 0, 16 and 32 kg/ha P2O5 fertilizer (triple super phosphate) and two levels of irrigation, irrigation after 30 mm water evaporation from evaporation pan (without drought stress conditions) and irrigation after 60 mm water evaporation (drought stress conditions). The results of 7 sample stages showed that applications of mycorrhiza and 70 kg/ha phosphorus without drought stress conditions increased dry matter, leaf area index, relative growth rate, net assimilation rate and crop growth rate and these characteristics decreased under drought stress conditions sorely. The results showed that mycorrhiza fungi could increase absorb of phosphorus by symbiosis between fungi and coriander root. This condition can reduce application of phosphorus fertilizers in fields, without reducing of yield and quality yield.
M.H. Lebaschy; M. Bakhtiari Ramezani; E. Sharifi Ashoorabadi
Volume 24, Issue 4 , February 2009, , Pages 444-454
Abstract
In order to study the effects of plant density on growth indices of safflower (Carthamus tinctorius L.) an expriment was conducted in Homand Research Station of Pasture under a Completely Randamized Block Design with 5 repelications in 2004. The treatments were 29, 20 and 14 plants/m2. The effects of ...
Read More
In order to study the effects of plant density on growth indices of safflower (Carthamus tinctorius L.) an expriment was conducted in Homand Research Station of Pasture under a Completely Randamized Block Design with 5 repelications in 2004. The treatments were 29, 20 and 14 plants/m2. The effects of C. tinctorius plantlets densities on some growth indices including DM, LAI, RGR and CGR, according to Growing Degree Days were evaluated. The results showed that the max. DM and LAI were 684 gr/m2 and 1.3 in 29 plant/m2 treatment respectively. In the highest density the DM, LAI and CGR were high in the beginning and middle of growth periods but RGR was low in the lowest density. The maximum RGR and CGR were observed in low density. Growth potential of Carthamus tinctorius is considrable as an industrial and medicinal plant with the acceptable growth indices in Damavand dry farming system with the semi suitable rain fall and distribution.
M.A. Dorri; S.A. Hoseini (H); M.H. Lebaschy
Volume 24, Issue 2 , August 2008, , Pages 117-125
Abstract
Hypericum perforatum L. distributes in altitude 0–2000 meter from sea level in Golestan Province. In order to know about Hypericin content variations of Hypericum perforatum in Golestan Province, two natural habitats were selected, that were placed in west and east and called Drazno and Tuskaestan, ...
Read More
Hypericum perforatum L. distributes in altitude 0–2000 meter from sea level in Golestan Province. In order to know about Hypericin content variations of Hypericum perforatum in Golestan Province, two natural habitats were selected, that were placed in west and east and called Drazno and Tuskaestan, respectively. For sample collecting, these habitats were divided to seven classes consist of: 1) 150-450, 2) 450-750, 3) 750-1050, 4) 1050-1350, 5) 1350-1650, 6) 1650-1950, 7) 1950-2250 meter from sea level. Samples were harvested from top of plants (20-25 cm) in flowering stage. The hypericin content was determined by spectrophotometer at 590 nm. Although it was varied by altitude variations, however Drazno has a positive correlation with the altitude variation. The highest content of hypericin was obtained from Tusakaestan sample (0.26 mg/g) in class 450-750 meter and from Drazno sample (0.25 mg/g) obtained in class 1950-2250 meter. These results suggested that there is a class in each habitat which are suitable for Hypericum growth and more hypericin yield.
B. Abbaszadeh; E. Sharifi Ashourabadi; M.H. Lebaschi; M. Naderi hajibagher Kandy; F. Moghadami
Abstract
In this research effect of drought stress on physiological characteristics of balm (Melissa officinalis L.) was performed under field condition in Karaj, Iran in 2005. Experiment was conducted using randomized complete block design with 4 replications. Treatment included T1 (non stress), T2 (80%FC), ...
Read More
In this research effect of drought stress on physiological characteristics of balm (Melissa officinalis L.) was performed under field condition in Karaj, Iran in 2005. Experiment was conducted using randomized complete block design with 4 replications. Treatment included T1 (non stress), T2 (80%FC), T3 (60%FC), T4 (40%FC) and T5 (20%FC). Effect of drought stress on chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b, proline, soluble sugars, relative water contents, percentage and yield of essential oil were significant (α=0.001). Effect of drought stress on total chlorophyll was significant (α=0.005). Comparison of treatment means showed that highest chlorophyll a (1.921mg/l), chlorophyll b (1.197mg/l), total chlorophyll (2/283mg/l) were related to T1 (control), T5 (20%FC) and T1 (control), respectively. Highest accumulation of proline with 2.545 mg/l mean was related to T3 (60%FC). Maximum relative water content with 93.369 mean percentage related to T1 (control). It could be concluded that plant accumulation of proline and solublesugars increased tolerance and showed that moderate drought stress is beneficial for balm production.
