F. Masoudi Sadaghiani; M. Amini Dehaghi; A.R Pirzad; M.H. Fotokian
Abstract
In order to evaluate the effects of foliar application of osmolytes on the quantitative and qualitative yield of German chamomile (Chamomilla recutita L.) in drought stress conditions, a split-plot experiment was conducted based on randomized complete block design with three replications at Research ...
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In order to evaluate the effects of foliar application of osmolytes on the quantitative and qualitative yield of German chamomile (Chamomilla recutita L.) in drought stress conditions, a split-plot experiment was conducted based on randomized complete block design with three replications at Research Center of Medicinal Plants, Shahed University. The treatments included irrigation as the main factor in three levels [(irrigation after 50 (without stress), 100 (moderate stress) and 150 mm evaporation from the class A pan (severe stress)] and foliar application of osmolytes as sub-plots in seven levels [(without Spraying (NS), distilled water (W), methyl jasmonate (MJ= 75mM), salicylic acid (SA= 2mM), humic acid (HA= 2.5lit/1000), glycine betaine (GB= 5mM), and g- aminobutyric acid (GABA= 50mM). The electrical conductivity of the irrigation water was 4.8 dS/m. Mean comparisons showed that GABA combined with severe stress had the highest essential oil yield (3.7 kg ha-1). In plants treated with GABA under severe stress, essential oil harvest index was increased by 60 and 58%, respectively, compared to W and NS treatments. The highest and lowest capitol harvest index with 70.81% and 23.28% were respectively obtained from GB combined without stress and W with severe stress. SA, GB, and GABA increased the capitol yield in severe stress compared with the moderate stress. Severe stress caused a significant increase in essential oil content from 0.66 to 1.13%, a 35% reduction in seed harvest index compared to control treatment, and a significant reduction in biomass yield rather than moderate stress. MJ and SA increased seed yield compared with NS in moderate stress.
F. Soleymani; A.R. Pirzad
Abstract
Some crops have the ability to withstand environmental stresses as they prevent further production of oxygen free radicals or cope with the produced free radicals. Accordingly, in order to investigate the effect of mycorrhizal fungi species on eco-physiological characteristics of Hyssopus officinalis ...
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Some crops have the ability to withstand environmental stresses as they prevent further production of oxygen free radicals or cope with the produced free radicals. Accordingly, in order to investigate the effect of mycorrhizal fungi species on eco-physiological characteristics of Hyssopus officinalis L., a factorial experiment based on randomized complete block design was conducted with three replications at the research farm of west Azarbaijan Agricultural and Natural Resources Research Center in 2012. Treatments were species of mycorrhizal fungi (Glomus mousseae, G. intraradicese, G. fasiculatum, G. claroideum, Acaulospora longula and control without mycorrhiza) and four levels of irrigation (irrigation at 80, 70, 60 and 50% field capacity). Results showed the significant effects of irrigation and mycorrhiza on the ascorbate peroxidase, and significant interaction between irrigation and fungi species on the percentage of mycorrhizal colonization, catalase activity and superoxide dismutase. The order of highest colonization of Hyssop root was G. mosseae, G. intraradices, G. fasiculatum, G. claroideum and A. longula compared to control treatment in all irrigation levels. The highest activity of superoxide dismutase and catalase in plants inoculated with G. mosseae, G. fasiculatum, G. fasiculatum and G. claroideum belonged to irrigation at 50, 60, 50 and 50% of field capacity, respectively. However, the highest ascorbate peroxidase belonged to irrigation at 50% field capacity. In conclusion, the results showed that mycorrhizal species affected the amendment of water deficit stress due to the increased antioxidant enzyme activity in order to neutralize the effects of free radicals and cell membrane stability.
A. Pirzad; M. Alizadeh; A. Hassanzadeh Gorttapeh; R. Darvishzadeh
Abstract
To evaluate the effect of seed treatment with gamma rays and nitrogen application on yield and nitrogen use efficiency for protein production in Chamomilla recutita L. leaves, a factorial experiment was conducted based on randomized complete blocks design with three replications. Treatments were gamma ...
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To evaluate the effect of seed treatment with gamma rays and nitrogen application on yield and nitrogen use efficiency for protein production in Chamomilla recutita L. leaves, a factorial experiment was conducted based on randomized complete blocks design with three replications. Treatments were gamma rays from Cobalt-60 source on chamomile seeds cv. Bodegold (0, 4, 8, 12, 16, and 20 Gray) and different levels of nitrogen (0, 50, 100, and 150 kg/ha). Results showed the significant interaction effect of gamma and nitrogen on the leaf yield, biomass and protein, harvest index of protein, and nitrogen use efficiency for leaf and protein production, the yield of dried flower and essential oil. But gamma irradiation and nitrogen had no significant effect on leaf protein and essential oil percentage. The highest yield of leaf (4194 kg/ha) and biomass (19996 kg/ha) were obtained at 8 GRAY of gamma rays with 100 and 150kg/ha of nitrogen application, respectively. However, the highest yield of protein (571kg/ha) was obtained from 20 GRAY of gamma rays and 0 kg/ha of nitrogen and the lowest yield (151kg/ha) was obtained from 0 GRAY and 50kg/ha of nitrogen. The highest value of nitrogen use efficiency for leaf (67.39) and protein (9.30) production was related to the plants grown from seeds and treated by 16 GRAY of gamma and 50kg/ha nitrogen. The lowest nitrogen use efficiency for leaf (13.94) and protein (1.42) production were observed at 16 GRAY and 150kg/ha nitrogen. The highest yield of dried flower in 0, 4, 8, 12, 16 and 20 GRAY were obtained at 150, 100, 0, 150, 100 and 100 kg/ha of nitrogen application, respectively. Generally, irradiations over the 12 GRAY resulted in reducing the nitrogen application for protein production.
