Improvement and breeding
A.A. Alizadeh Everi; M. Parsaeian; Z. Ghasimi Hagh
Abstract
Glycyrrhiza glabra L. is one of the valuable medicinal plants of the world, whose glycyrrhizin, the most important triterpenoid metabolite in its roots, is widely used in food and modern pharmaceutical industries. To overcome the seed germination problems, the risk of plant extinction due to the indiscriminate ...
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Glycyrrhiza glabra L. is one of the valuable medicinal plants of the world, whose glycyrrhizin, the most important triterpenoid metabolite in its roots, is widely used in food and modern pharmaceutical industries. To overcome the seed germination problems, the risk of plant extinction due to the indiscriminate root harvesting, and the slow rate of natural biosynthesis of secondary metabolites, it is necessary to study on this plant root tissue culture and use elicitors to increase its glycyrrhizin biosynthesis. In the present study, the seed germination rate of two Iranian licorice ecotypes (Kashmar and Joghtai) and an Iraqi ecotype was investigated at different levels of sulfuric acid pretreatment. In addition, differences between the ecotypes in terms of morphology and root glycyrrhizin content were studied in response to IAA and NAA auxin elicitors with concentrations of 0, 0.5, 1, and 1.5 mg.l-1 in ½ MS medium using root explants. The results showed that all three ecotypes obtained the highest seed germination in the 98% sulfuric acid pretreatment for 40 minutes. The Iraqi ecotype was placed in the statistically best group in terms of all traits except glycyrrhizin content under control and some hormone levels (esp. NAA) conditions. In the Iranian ecotypes, the auxin elicitors application significantly improved the root traits and glycyrrhizin content. Kashmar ecotype produced the thickest roots using 0.5 mg.l-1 of IAA and the highest root dry weight (5.8 and 5.4 mg, respectively) using the medium and high concentrations of NAA and IAA. Joghtai ecotype also produced the heavy roots with 1.5 and 0.5 mg.l-1 of IAA and NAA (100 and 79 mg, respectively). In general, the medium and high concentrations of IAA and NAA (1 and 1.5 mg.l-1) caused the highest glycyrrhizin production (8.82 and 7.83 µg.g-1 DW, respectively) in Kashmar ecotype roots. Therefore, selection of appropriate ecotype and auxin elicitors application can increase in vitro production of biomass and root glycyrrhizin content in G. glabra.
Phytochemistry (extraction, identification and measurement of active components)
S.M. Ghodsi Maab; H. Makarian; Z. Ghasimi Hagh; M. Gholipoor
Abstract
Seed pretreatment with the cold plasma and salicylic acid is one of the methods to improve the seed germination and quantitative and qualitative growth of plants. Therefore, an experiment was conducted to investigate the effects of seed pretreatment with the cold plasma (0 and 100 W for 4 min) and seed ...
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Seed pretreatment with the cold plasma and salicylic acid is one of the methods to improve the seed germination and quantitative and qualitative growth of plants. Therefore, an experiment was conducted to investigate the effects of seed pretreatment with the cold plasma (0 and 100 W for 4 min) and seed pretreatment and foliar application of salicylic acid in the micro and nano forms (0 and 1.5 mM salicylic acid) to improve the growth and production of secondary metabolites in Salvia leriifolia Benth. The results showed that the use of salicylic acid as seed pretreatment and foliar application increased the plant height, chlorophylls a and b, total phenol, and caffeic acid of the leaves significantly. Also, the seed pretreatment with nano salicylic acid form and foliar application of micro salicylic acid form and cold plasma increased the seedlings fresh and dry weight and phenylalanine ammonialyase and tyrosine ammonialyase enzymes by 3.48, 13.3, 227.7, and 277%, respectively compared to the control. The seed pretreatment and application of salicylic acid did not have a positive effect on increasing the amount of rosmarinic and salvianolic acids of the leaves compared to the control. According to the results, increasing the enzymes activity involved in the biosynthesis of phenolic acids could affect the amount of caffeic acid positively. Overall, the findings of the present study showed that the seed pretreatment with salicylic acid and foliar application of nano salicylic acid could improve the growth traits and activity of enzymes involved in the biosynthesis of secondary metabolites in S. leriifolia more than other treatments.
