A. Ataei Azimi; B. Delnavaz Hashemloian
Abstract
In cytology studies, colors are used to differentiate the components of cells that are transparent. Most of the dyes are synthetic and can harm human and environment. Herbal dyes are safe. Since ancient times in Iran, the natural dye of madder (Rubia tinctorum L.) has been used in the textile industry. ...
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In cytology studies, colors are used to differentiate the components of cells that are transparent. Most of the dyes are synthetic and can harm human and environment. Herbal dyes are safe. Since ancient times in Iran, the natural dye of madder (Rubia tinctorum L.) has been used in the textile industry. In this research, the madder root dye was extracted with water, ethanol and acid at the end of spring, summer and autumn and its colors were separated by paper chromatography. Acetoronacin was prepared from the dye extracted from madder. Acetoronacin was used to stain epidermal cells, stomata guard cells, pollen, and the plant mitosis. The results showed that the best solvent to isolate the dye of madder was water. Chromatography results showed that the type and number of colors (5 colors) in the aqueous extract of madder root in the three seasons were similar, but some of them were higher at the end of the summer. Soluble colors in alcohol (3 colors) were observed in the ethanolic extract at the end of spring. Only one yellow color, probably alizarin, was isolated from the acid extract. Staining the cells with acetoronacin in all cases showed that the color was comparable and even better than acetocarmine. Nuclei and chromosomes of cells were stained brown by staining with acetoronacin in a transparent background. In general, the results showed that this dye can replace the synthetic dyes in the plant cell research laboratories.
B. Delnavaz Hashemloian; A. Ataei Azimi; M. Salimi; A.R. Oman; A. Nazemi; A. Eghdami
Abstract
Catharanthus roseus L. is one of the most important medicinal plants in the world. The alkaloids of this plant inhibit mitosis. Herbal periwinkle (Vinca herbacea L.) is the unique species of this genus, growing in north of Iran. In this study, anti-mitosis effects of Herbal periwinkle was studied related ...
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Catharanthus roseus L. is one of the most important medicinal plants in the world. The alkaloids of this plant inhibit mitosis. Herbal periwinkle (Vinca herbacea L.) is the unique species of this genus, growing in north of Iran. In this study, anti-mitosis effects of Herbal periwinkle was studied related to Madagascaric for its effects on onion root meristem cells. The alkaloids of these plants were extracted by some different solvents including alcohol, ether, and chloroform and dried by vacuum rotary evaporator. Onions of the same size after three days were rooted in distilled water. The roots of the onions were treated at doses of zero, 0.2, 0.4, and 0.6 mg/ml alkaloids for 8 and 24 hours. The data analysis was performed with Minitab software and Tukey test. The results showed that alkaloids of both species presented antimitotic effect. Alkaloids of both species reduced and/or inhibited cell division and mitosis phases. Generally, alkaloids caused a drastic reduction of cell division and chromosome station at the end of prophase and chromosome condensation. Comparison of analysis of variance and the means in some cases showed significant difference for both species with the control (alkaloid at a concentration of zero). The alkaloid contents of the two species significantly affected chromosome condensation and separation like colchicine. The alkaloids of both species were usable for plant cytology studies similar to colchicine but the Madagascar periwinkle resulted better than native herbal periwinkle.
A. Ataei Azimi; B. Delnavaz Hashemloian; M. Salimi; A.R. Oman; A. Nazemi; A. Eghdami
Abstract
Artemisia annua L. and Artemisia scoparia Waldst. & Kit. are two important medicinal plants, distributed in many parts of the world. Malaria is an infectious disease in humans and animals caused by various species of the genus Plasmodium, protozoan parasite begins. In this study, artemisinin and ...
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Artemisia annua L. and Artemisia scoparia Waldst. & Kit. are two important medicinal plants, distributed in many parts of the world. Malaria is an infectious disease in humans and animals caused by various species of the genus Plasmodium, protozoan parasite begins. In this study, artemisinin and terpenoids were extracted from Artemisia annua and Artemisia scoparia. The terpenoids and artemisinin content was measured by spectrophotometry methods. The terpenoids were detected by Thin-Layer Chromatography and Mass Gas Chromatography. The antimalarial effects of the study extracts were measured based on the inhibitory effect of the extracts on in vitro formation of β-hematin (hemazoin). According to the results, it seemed that all extracts contained artemisinin. However, the results of Thin-Layer Chromatography (TLC) and Mass Gas Chromatography (GC-Mass) showed that the acetonitrile extract (artemisininic extract) of Artemisia annua contained artemisinin and several kinds of terpenoids. The extract of A. scoparia was lack of artemisinin despite containing lots of terpenoids. The inhibitory effects of the study extracts on the in vitro formation of β-hematin (hemazoin) showed that the acetonitrile and aquatic extracts of the shoots and roots of A. annua and A. scoparia had antimalarial effects. The inhibitory effects of acetonitrile extract of A. annua shoots was double of the artemisininic extract of A. scoparia shoots and the aquatic extract of A. annua shoots and roots. The acetonitrile extract of A. annua contained artemisinin. The inhibitory effect of other extracts on the in vitro formation of β-hematin (hemozoin) showed the antimalarial effects of other terpenes in the extracts. The inhibitory effect of all extracts, except the aqueous extract of shoots and the acetonitrile extract of roots in A. scoparia, was more than that of chloroquine phosphate.
