همکاری با انجمن علمی گیاهان دارویی ایران

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 کارشناس ارشد گیاهان دارویی، گروه علوم باغبانی و فضای سبز، دانشگاه زابل، زابل، ایران

2 استاد‌یار، گروه زراعت، گرایش فیزیولوژی گیاهان زراعی، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه زابل، زابل، ایران

3 دانشیار، گروه زراعت، گرایش آگرواکولوژی، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه زابل، زابل، ایران

چکیده

کارلا (Momordica charantia L.) گیاهیست با خواص دارویی متعدد که میوه آن برای کنترل دیابت استفاده می‌شود. به‌‌منظور بررسی تأثیر کود‌های زیستی و شیمیایی بر ویژگی‌های کمّی، کیفی و متابولیت‌های ثانویه کارلا، آزمایشی به‌صورت طرح بلوک کامل‌تصادفی با 3 تکرار در مزرعه تحقیقاتی پژوهشکده کشاورزی دانشگاه زابل اجرا شد. تیمارهای آزمایش شامل: شاهد یا 100% کود شیمیایی (F1)، نیتروکسین + فسفات بارور2 (F2)، نیتروکسین + فسفات بارور2 + 75% کود شیمیایی (F3)، نیتروکسین + فسفات بارور2 + 50% کود شیمیایی (F4)، نیتروکسین + فسفات بارور2 + 25% کود شیمیایی (F5)، نانو کود ‌زیستی (F6)، نانو کود ‌زیستی + 75% کود شیمیایی (F7)، نانو کود ‌زیستی + 50% کود شیمیایی (F8) و نانو کود زیستی + 25% کود شیمیایی (F9) بودند. نتایج تجزیه واریانس داده‌ها نشان داد که مصرف سطوح مختلف کودهای شیمیایی به همراه کودهای زیستی بر رنگیزه‌های فتوسنتزی و عملکرد میوه در واحد سطح معنی‌دار بود. مقایسه میانگین‌ها حکایت از برتری معنی‌دار تلفیق کودهای زیستی و شیمیایی نسبت به مصرف جداگانه این کودها داشت. بیشترین غلظت کلروفیلa (mg/g.fw30.66) و کاروتنوئیدهای برگ (mg/g.fw8.91) به‌ترتیب در تیمارهای F3 و F4 بدست آمد. بیشترین عملکرد میوه نیز در تیمار F4 بدست آمد که نسبت به تیمار شاهد افزایش 33/25 درصدی داشت. اثرات تیمارهای کودی بر تولید ماده مؤثره کارانتین به شدت معنی‌دار بود. به‌طوری که کمترین و بیشترین میزان این ماده به‌ترتیب در تیمار F3 (mg/gr.dw0.93) و تیمار F7 (mg/gr.dw42/3) حاصل شد. نتایج این تحقیق حکایت از آن داشت که کاربرد کود‌های زیستی نیتروکسین و فسفات بارور2 در ترکیب با 50% و 75% کودهای شیمیایی در بهبود صفات فیزیولوژیکی و عملکرد میوه گیاه کارلا تأثیر مثبتی داشته و به‌جای مصرف مداوم کود‌های شیمیایی، می‌توان با استفاده بهینه از نهاده‌های زیستی در راستای کشاورزی پایدار گام برداشت.

کلیدواژه‌ها

- Aiyelaagb, I.O. and Kitomo, A.A., 2000. Nitrogen response of fluted pumpkin (Telfairia occidentalis hook) grown sole or inter cropped with banana. Nutrient Cycling in Agroecosystems, 64: 231-235.
- Al-Harbi, A.R. and Wahb-Allah, M.A., 2006. Effect of biofertilization under different nitrogen levels on growth, yield and quality of summer squash. Journal of the Saudi Society for Agricultural Sciences, 5(1): 42-54.
- Arrudaa, L., Beneduzi, A., Martins, A., Lisboa, B., Lopes, C., Bertolo, F., Passaglia Maria, L.M.P. and Vargas, K.L., 2013. Screening of rhizobacteria isolated from maize (Zea mays L.) in Rio Grande do Sul State (South Brazil) and analysis of their potential to improve plant growth. Applied Soil Ecology, 63: 15-22.
- Assubaie, N.F. and El-Garawany, M.M., 2004. Evaluation of some important chemical constituents of momordica charantia cultivated in Hofuf, Saudi Arabia. Journal of Biological Sciences, 4(5): 628-630.
- Chen, J.H., 2006. The combined use of chemical and organic fertilizer and/ or biofertilizer for crop growth and soil fertility. International Workshop on Sustained Management of the Soil-Rhizosphere System for Efficient Crop Production and Fertilizer Use. Bangkok, Thailand, 16-20 October: 1-11.
- Choudhary, S.K., Chhabra, G., Sharma, D., Vashishta, A., Ohri, S. and Dixit, A., 2012. Comprehensive evaluation of anti-hyperglycemic activity of fractionated momordica charantia seed extract in alloxan-induced diabetic rats. Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicin, 2012: 1-10.
- Crisan, S., Campeanu, G. and Halmagean, L., 2008. Study of Momordica charantia L.species grown on the specific conditions of Romania’s western part. Journal of Vegetable Growing, 32: 425-428.
- Damavandi, A.N., Latifi, A. and Dasht Ban, R., 2006. Evaluation tests of seed and its agronomic efficiency on sorghum. Journal of Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources, 14(5): 23-34.
- Dehgani tafti, A.R., Dadi, I., Najafi. F. and Kiyan Mehr, M.H., 2016. The effect of different amounts of manure pellets, urea and micronutrients on morpho-physiological characteristics and oil performance on Cucurbita pepo var. styriaca. Journal of Crop Production, 9(1): 145-161.
- Demir, S., 2004. Influence of arbuscular mycorrhiza on some physiological growth parameters of pepper. Turkish Journal of Biology, 28: 85-90.
- Gafari, S., Pour Yusef, M. and Hasanadeh, A., 2010. Biofertilizers and their effects on reducing the use of chemical fertilizers and protecting the environment. Conference on Biodiversity and Its Impact on Agriculture and the Environment, 1241p.
- Ghollarata, M. and Raiesi, F., 2007. The adverse effects of soil salinization on the growth of Trifolium alexandrinum L. and associated microbial and biochemical properties. Journal Soil Biology and Biochemistry, 39: 1699-1702.
- Gorbanali, M., Hashemi Moghadam, S. and Fallah, A., 2006. The interaction effects of irrigation and nitrogen on some morphological and physiological characteristics of rice (Oryza sativa L.). Journal of Agricultural Sciences, 12(2): 415-428.
- Habibi, A., Heidari, G.R., Sohrabi, Y. and Mohamadi, K., 2011. Effect of biofertilizers and chemical fertilizers on yield and yield components of pumpkin (Cucurbita pepo L. Convar. pepo Var. styriaca). Iranian Journal of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants, 28(4): 604-615.
- Haji Bolandi, R., Ali Asghar Zadeh, N. and Mehrfar, Z., 2004. Ecological Study of Azotobacter in pasture area of Azerbaijan and its inoculation effect on growth and feed wheat. Agriculture Science and Technology and Natural Resources, 8(2): 75-89.
- Hashem Abadi, D. and Kashi, A., 2004. The effect of different levels of nitrogen fertilizer and manure on quantitative and qualitative characteristics of cucumber. Journal of Agriculture Science and Technology and Natural Resources, 2: 25-33.
- Irannejad, R., Rezadost, S. and Roshdi, M., 2011. Evaluation of biological fertilizers potential for providing nitrogen need in pupmpkin (Cucurbita pepo L.). Middle-east-Journal of Science Research, 8(5): 873-879.
- Jahan, M., Khalil Zadeh, H., Amiri, M.B., Tahami, M.K., Aghavani Shajari, M. and Bigonahe, R., 2011. The simultaneous use of organic fertilizers and bio fertilizers on some quantitative and qualitative characteristics of summer squash (Cucurbita pepo L.). Second National Conference on Agriculture and Sustainable Development, Opportunities and Challenges, Shiraz, Iran, 2-3 March: 1-9.
- Jaleel, C.A., Manivannan, P., Sankar, B., Kishorekumar, A., Gopi, R., Somasundaram, R. and Panneerselvam, R., 2007. Pseudomonas fluorescens enhances biomass yield and ajmalicine production in Catharanthus roseus under water deficit stress. Colloids and Surfaces B: Biointerfaces, 60: 7-11.
- Kennedy, I.R., Choudhury, A.T.M.A., Kecskes, M.L., Roughley, R.J. and Hien, N.T., 2004. Non-symbiotic bacterial diazotrophs in crop-farming systems: can their potential for plant growth promotion be better exploited. Soil Biology & Biochemistry, 36(8): 1229-1244.
- Lichtenthaler, H.K., 1994. Chlorophylls and carotenoids: pigments of photosynthetic biomembrance. Methods in Enzymology, 148: 350-382.
- Madakadze, I.C., Stewart, K.A., Madakadze, R.M., Peterson, P.R., Coulman, B.E. and Smith, D.L., 1999. Field evaluation of the chlorophyll meter to predict yield and nitrogen concentration of switch grass. Journal of Plant Nutrition, 22(6): 1001-1010.
- Mar, C. and Schaplowsky, T., 2004. Pumpkins: Horticulture Reports. Kansas State University Agricultural: 23-30.
- Moazen, S.h., Daneshian, J., Valadabadi, S.A. and Baghdadi, H., 2006. Study of plant population and phosphate fertilization on some aromatic characters and seed and fruit yield of pumpkin (Cucurbita pepo L.). Iranian Journal of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants, 22(4): 397-409.
- Mobseri Moghadam, M., 2012. The effect of the amount and timing of nitrogen application on quantitative and qualitative characteristics of Karela. M.Sc Thesis. Agriculture Faculty, Zabol University, Zabol.
- Mulani, T.G., Musmade, A.M., Kadu, P.P. and Mangave, K.K., 2007. Effect of organic manures and biofertilizer on growth, yield and quality of bitter gourd cv. Phule Green Gold. Journal of Soils and Crops, 17(2): 258-261.
- Nirmala, R. and Vadivel, E., 1999. Organic manure and biofertilizers on growth and productivity of cucumber. South Indian Horticultur, 47(1-6): 252-254.
- Oksman-Caldentey, K.M. and Inze, D., 2004. Plant cell factories in the post-genomic era: new ways to produce designer secondary metabolites. Trends in Plant Scince, 9(9): 433-440.
- Parmar, M.K., Patel, B.N. and Mane, S.R., 2011. Response of cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.) to chemical fertilizers and bio-fertilizer. Vegetable Science, 38(2): 235-236.
- Pitipanapong, J., Chitprasert, S., Goto, M., Jiratchariyakul, W., Sasaki, M. and Shotipruk, A., 2007. New approach for extraction of charantin from momordica charantia L. with pressurized liquid extraction. Separation and Purification Technology, 52 (3): 416-422.
- Prasad, P.H., Mandal, A.R., Sarkar, A., Thapa, U. and Maity, T.K., 2009. Effect of bio fertilizers and nitrogen on growth and yield attributes of bitter gourd (Momordica charantia L.). Iinternational Conference on Horticulture, 738-740.
- Rahim Zadeh, S., 2009. Effect of bio fertilizer application on yield and quality of Dracocephalum moldavica L.under field conditions. M.Sc Thesis, Agriculture Faculty, Kordestan university, Kordestan.
- Rajendran, K. and Devarj, P., 2004. Biomass and nutrient distribution and their return of Casuarina equisetifolia inoculated with biofertilizers in farm land. Biomass and Bioenergy, 26: 235-249.
- Raoa, S.R. and Ravishankar, G.A., 2002. Plant cell cultures: Chemical factories of secondary metabolites. Biotechnology Advanc, 20: 101-153.
- Samsam Sharyat, H., 2007. Extraction and extracting active ingredients from medicinal plants. Mani Press, Esfahan, 258p.
- Shehata, S.M., Saleh, S.A. and Junge, H., 2004. Response of sexual expression and productivity of squash plants to some biofertilizer treatments. Journal of Agriculture, 27(2): 255-281.
- Shibib, B.A., Khan, L.A. and Rahman, R., 1993. Hypoglycemic activity of Coccinia indica and Momordica charantia in diabetic rats: depression of the hepatic gluconeogenic enzymes glucose-6-phosphatase and fructose-1,6 bisphosphatase and elevation of both liver and red-cell shunt enzyme glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase. Biochemistry Journal, 15: 267-270.
- Verma, J.P., Yadav, J., Tiwari, K.N. and Jaiswal, D.K., 2014. Evaluation of plant growth promoting activities of microbial strains and their effect on growth and yield of chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) in India. Soil Biology & Biochemistry, 70: 33-37.
- Vessey, J.K., 2003. Plant growth promoting rhizobacteria as biofertilizer. Plant and Soil, 255: 571-586.
- Weckx, J.E.J. and Clijsters, H.M.M., 1997. Zn phytotoxicity induces oxidative stress in primary leaves of Phaseolus vulgaris. Plant Physiology, 35: 405-410.
- Yang-Hong, W., Bharathi, A. and Ikhlas, A. Khan, 2008. Determination and quantification of five cucurbitane terpenoids in M. charantia by RP-HPLC with evaporating light scattering detection. Chromategrapgy Science, 46: 13-136.
- Yazdaniye biouki, H., Rezvani Moghadam, P., Khazayi, H.R. and Astarayi, R., 2011. Study of some quantitative and qualitative characteristics of the milk thistle (Silybum marianum L.) in response to organic, biological and chemical fertilizers. Journal of Agricultural Ecology, 2(4): 548-555.