Evidence of Vol. 32-3
text
article
2016
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Iranian Journal of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants Research
Research Institute of Forests and Rangelands
1735-0905
32
v.
3
no.
2016
https://ijmapr.areeo.ac.ir/article_119802_29a79370af7c052e6f754b7113bcc312.pdf
Effects of inoculum density and aeration rate on biomass and cichoric acid production in Echinacea purpurea L. hairy roots in bubble column bioreactor
F.
Ahmadi
MSc., Department of Plant Breeding and Biotechnology, Faculty of Agriculture, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
author
A.
Moieni
Department of Plant Breeding and Biotechnology, Faculty of Agriculture, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
author
S.
Rashidi Monfared
Department of Plant Breeding and Biotechnology, Faculty of Agriculture, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
author
text
article
2016
per
In this research, Echinacea purpurea L. hairy roots were cultured in 1000 ml bubble column bioreactor containing 500 ml WPM liquid medium and the effects of inoculum densities (3, 6 and 9g l-1) and aeration rates (0.1, 0.2 and 0.4vvm) on biomass and cichoric acid production were investigated. Fresh and dry weights and also the cichoric acid content in hairy roots were measured after 30 days. The results showed that the highest amount of biomass (16.4g l-1 fresh weight and 2.084g l-1 dry weight) and cichoric acid (16.74mg g-1 DW) were produced in the inoculum density of 6 gl-1. The investigation of aeration rates on biomass and cichoric acid production showed that the maximum fresh weight (15.4g l-1) and dry weight (2.467g l-1) were obtained in aeration rate of 0.4vvm and the maximum cichoric acid content (12.74mg g-1 DW) was obtained in aeration rate of 0.2vvm. Overall, the inoculum density and aeration rate had considerable effects on the hairy root growth and development in bubble column bioreactor and they should be optimized for obtaining the highest hairy root biomass and secondary metabolites.
Iranian Journal of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants Research
Research Institute of Forests and Rangelands
1735-0905
32
v.
3
no.
2016
377
388
https://ijmapr.areeo.ac.ir/article_106821_7c752429e7e9aaf3b9f7b245e67c2abd.pdf
dx.doi.org/10.22092/ijmapr.2016.106821
Effects of auxins on induction and establishment of adventitious and hairy roots culture of the medicinal plant chicory (Cichorium intybus L.)
H.
Hadizadeh
MSc. Student, Department of Horticultural Sciences, University of Mohaghegh Ardabili, Ardabil, Iran
author
M.
Mohebodini
Department of Horticultural Sciences, University of Mohaghegh Ardabili, Ardabil, Iran
author
B.
Esmaeilpoor
Department of Horticultual Sciences, University of Mohaghegh Ardabili, Ardabil, Iran
author
text
article
2016
per
Roots are the site for biosynthesis or accumulation of major plant secondary metabolites. In recent decades, many researchers have focused on the biosynthesis of valuable secondary metabolites in hairy roots. This study was conducted to optimize the induction andthe culture conditions of adventitious and hairy roots of chicory (Cichorium intybus L.) using auxins IAA, IBA and NAA. This study was performed in two steps. In the first step, the leaf explant was cultured on MS solid medium for rootinduction with different concentrations of IAA and NAA (0, 0.3, 0.6 and 1 mg 1-1). The highest rootinduction (100 %) and the highest mean number of roots were obtained at concentration of 1 mg 1-1 NAA. In the second step, the adventitious and hairy rootsobtained from leaf explants were cultured in MS liquid medium with different concentrations of IAA, IBA and NAA (0, 0.5, 1 and 1.5 mg 1-1). According to the results, the highest fresh and dry weight was obtained in MS liquid medium containing 0.3 mg 1-1 NAA and 1.5 mg 1-1 IBA and hairy roots were only established in treatments containing NAA hormone.
Iranian Journal of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants Research
Research Institute of Forests and Rangelands
1735-0905
32
v.
3
no.
2016
389
397
https://ijmapr.areeo.ac.ir/article_106822_dd49af7a1fced2a63b82075ab686aadc.pdf
dx.doi.org/10.22092/ijmapr.2016.106822
Evaluation of morphological traits, shoot yield and essential oil production populations of five species of Anthemis
M.A.
Alizadeh
Gene Bank Natural Resources, Research Institute of Forests and Rangelands, Agricultural Research Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Tehran, Iran
author
A.A.
Jafari
Rangelands Research Division, Research Institute of Forests and Rangelands, Agricultural Research Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Tehran, Iran
author
S.E.
Sayedian
Gene Bank Natural Resources, Research Institute of Forests and Rangelands, Agricultural Research Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Tehran, Iran
author
M.
Izadpanah
Gene Bank Natural Resources, Research Institute of Forests and Rangelands, Agricultural Research Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Tehran, Iran
author
M.
Amirkhani
Gene Bank Natural Resources, Research Institute of Forests and Rangelands, Agricultural Research Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Tehran, Iran
author
M.R.
Pahlevani
Gene Bank Natural Resources, Research Institute of Forests and Rangelands, Agricultural Research Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Tehran, Iran
author
L.
Fallah-Hoseini
Gene Bank Natural Resources, Research Institute of Forests and Rangelands, Agricultural Research Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Tehran, Iran
author
M.
Ramezani Yeganeh
Gene Bank Natural Resources, Research Institute of Forests and Rangelands, Agricultural Research Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Tehran, Iran
author
text
article
2016
per
In order to evaluation of morphological and phenological traits in 68 accessions of five chamomile species including: Anthemis altissima L., A. haussknechtii Boiss. & Reut., A. pseudocotula Boiss., A. tinctoria L. and A. triumfettii (L.) All., an experiment was conducted using a randomized complete block design (RCBD) with three replications in the Alborz research station in Karaj, during 2011-2012. Data were collected for the length and width of canopy, plant height, number of flowers, shoot fresh and dry weight, growth degree-days (GDD), essential oil percentage, and essential oil yield. The average values of growth traits and shoot yield recorded for A. pseudocotula were higher as compared with other species. In addition, this species was an earlier growing species due to the lower values of growth degree-days (GDD) in flowering and maturity stages. The essential oil yield of A. altissima (33 g per plant) and) A. triumfettii (59 g per plant) was more than that recorded for the three other species. The shoot yield of Anthemis tinctoria in Ardebil and Khoy1 populations was higher as compared with other populations. The shoot yield of A. triumfettii in Semnan1 and Semnan 2 populations and the essential oil yield of A. triumfettii in Semnan 2 and Shahrood populations were higher than those recorded for other populations. The Loshan and Salmas populations were earlier growing species. The highest shoot yield and essential oil yield were recorded for A.haussknechtii in the Golastan population. For A. pseudocotula, the highest shoot yield, and essential oil yield were obtained in the Golastan 2 population, and the Golastan1, Zanjan1, and Zanjan2 populations were early growing species. There were no significant differences among the populations of A. altissima. In all species, a direct relationship was found between shoot and essential oil yield and early growth, so that the early growing populations had higher shoot and essential oil yield and this feature could be used in the production of drought-resistant varieties under rainfed conditions.
Iranian Journal of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants Research
Research Institute of Forests and Rangelands
1735-0905
32
v.
3
no.
2016
398
416
https://ijmapr.areeo.ac.ir/article_106823_1d860ecb2f8ec2f61d68d62421e3b4d8.pdf
dx.doi.org/10.22092/ijmapr.2016.106823
A study on propagation methods of Lavandula stricta Del.
H.
Sanginabadi
MSc. Student, Horticultural Sciences Department, Gorgan University of Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources, Gorgan, Iran
author
S.
Khorasaninejad
Horticultural Sciences Department, Gorgan University of Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources, Gorgan, Iran
author
Kh.
Hemmati
Horticultural Sciences Department, Gorgan University of Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources, Gorgan, Iran
author
A.
Ghasemnejad
Horticultural Sciences Department, Gorgan University of Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources, Gorgan, Iran
author
text
article
2016
per
Lavandula stricta Del. is a native aromatic plant in Iran from Lamiaceae family, traditionally used in the treatment of rheumatic pain, nausea, and flu. In order to investigate the common propagation methods in this plant, two experiments were designed to evaluate the effect of different treatments on seed germination and rooting of cuttings at the Gorgan University of Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources. The first experiment was carried out in a factorial experiment based on a completely randomized design (CRD) with three replications, and two factors were included as follows: Gibberlic acid (0, 250, 500 and 750 ppm) and chilling (chilling at 4 °C for 24 and 48 hours and chilling at -18 °C for 24 and 48 hours). The second experiment was carried out in a factorial experiment based on a complete randomized blocks design with three replications and three factors including indole butyric acid (0 and 250ppm), two types of cutting and three types of medium (cocopeat + perlite, perlite+sand and cocopeat+sand). Then, rooting percentage, root length and root number were measured. According to the results of the first experiment, chilling treatments caused to the reduced germination percentage, seed vigor, plumule and radicle length. In addition, gibberellic acid reduced all seed growth properties but increased the root length. In the second experiment, results showed that the highest rooting (60%) was obtained in the medium containing perlite+sand and 250 ppm ABA.
Iranian Journal of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants Research
Research Institute of Forests and Rangelands
1735-0905
32
v.
3
no.
2016
417
427
https://ijmapr.areeo.ac.ir/article_106824_5c8af67ccf1d2330f24b829d148ecfab.pdf
dx.doi.org/10.22092/ijmapr.2016.106824
Effects of spraying salicylic acid and jasmonic acide on the morphological and biochemical characteristics of Chamomile (Matricaria Chamomilla L.) under Bushehr climate conditions
M.A.
Kohanmoo
Plant Breeding Department, College of Agricultural and Natural Resources, Persian Gulf University, Bushehr, Iran
author
M.
Modaresi
Plant Breeding Department, College of Agricultural and Natural Resources, Persian Gulf University, Bushehr, Iran
author
Z.
Bagheri Kahkesh
MSc. Studnt, Plant Breeding Department, College of Agricultural and Natural Resources, Persian Gulf University, Bushehr, Iran
author
text
article
2016
per
Heat stress causes morphological, physiological and biochemical changes in plants and affects plant growth. Given the mediator role of plant hormones in heat stress, this research was aimed to study the effect of spraying salicylic acid and jasmonic acid on the morphological and biochemical characters of Chamomile (Matricaria chamomilla L. cv: Bona) under natural heat stress conditions. This experiment was carried out as completely randomized blocks design with 3 replications. Four levels of salicylic acid (0, 12.5, 25, 50 mg.l-1) and four levels of jasmonic acid (0, 1, 1.5, 2 mg.l-1) were applied as treatments. The planting date was set in a way that more stages of plant growth and flowering period faced with heat stress. The morphological traits including plant height, capitol diameter, flower fresh weight, flower dry weight, and biochemical traits including essential oil and chamazulen percentage were studied. The analysis of variance showed that interaction effect of hormone salicylic acid and jasmonic acid on the flower fresh weight and chamazulen percentage was significant. In addition, the effect of jasmonic acid on chamazulen percentage was statistically significant. The best chamazulene percentage was observed in 2 mg.l-1 jasmonic acid treatment under heat stress.
Iranian Journal of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants Research
Research Institute of Forests and Rangelands
1735-0905
32
v.
3
no.
2016
428
435
https://ijmapr.areeo.ac.ir/article_106825_5504cb23b469e2bf22205684d071a157.pdf
dx.doi.org/10.22092/ijmapr.2016.106825
The effect of irrigation and nitrogen levels on morphological traits, yield and yield components of roselle (Hibiscus sabdariffa L.)
A.
Sepahrom
M.Sc., Departement of Agronomy and Crop Breeding, Faculty of Agriculture, Birjand Branch, Islamic Azad University, Birjand, Iran
author
S.Gh.
Moosavi
Departement of Agronomy and Crop Breeding, Faculty of Agriculture, Birjand Branch, Islamic Azad University, Birjand, Iran
author
text
article
2016
per
In order to study the effect of low irrigation and nitrogen fertilization on morphological traits, sepal yield, and yield components of Roselle (Hibiscus sabdariffa L.), an experiment was conducted as split plot design based on randomized complete blocks with three replications, at Saravan, Iran in 2010. In this research, irrigation was considered as main factor with three levels (irrigation after 60, 120 and 180 mm evaporation from pan class A) and nitrogen rate was considered as sub factor with four levels (0, 60, 120 and 180 kg N.ha-1). The results showed that irrigation and nitrogen levels had significant effect on plant height, stem diameter, fruit number per m2, sepal fresh and dry yield, and biological yield. However, sepal dry weight per single fruit and sepal harvest index per fruit were only affected by irrigation, and sepal harvest index per plant was only affected by nitrogen. The interaction effect between irrigation and nitrogen significantly affect the sepal fresh and dry yield. According to the means comparison, increasing of irrigation intervals from 60 to 180 mm evaporation reduced the plant height, stem diameter, fruit number per m2, sepal fresh and dry yield, biological yield, and sepal dry weight per single fruit to 48.1%, 31.8%, 41.3%, 58%, 54.9%, 67% and 22.7%, respectively. In addition, the increased use of nitrogen from 0 to 120 kg.ha-1 could increase the mentioned traits to 13.7%, 8.6%, 37.1%, 43.3%, 44.1%, 25.5%, and 5.7%, respectively. Overall, according to the results of current study, irrigation after 120 mm evaporation with 180 kg N. ha-1 treatmentcould be suggested for roselle cultivation in Saravan, Iran.
Iranian Journal of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants Research
Research Institute of Forests and Rangelands
1735-0905
32
v.
3
no.
2016
436
449
https://ijmapr.areeo.ac.ir/article_106826_5bb59d265bb8256c5ba58cb5a12b3459.pdf
dx.doi.org/10.22092/ijmapr.2016.106826
Comparison of essential oil content and composition of different parts (leaf, flower, stem and flowering shoot) in Anthemis pseudocotula Boiss.
F.
Keneshloo
MSc. Student, Department of Phytochemistry, Islamic Azad University, Pharmaceutical Sciences Branch, Tehran, Iran
author
F.
Sefidkon
Research Institute of Forests and Rangelands, Agricultural Research Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Tehran, Iran
author
H.
Keneshloo
Research Institute of Forests and Rangelands, Agricultural Research Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Tehran, Iran
author
M.A.
Alizadeh
Research Institute of Forests and Rangelands, Agricultural Research Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Tehran, Iran
author
text
article
2016
per
Anthemis, belonging to Asteraceae family, has 23 native annual species in Iran whose flowers and other organs contain essential oil. To study the quantitative and qualitative characteristics of the Anthemis pseudocotula Boiss. essential oil, the seeds were collected from natural habitat in Maraveh Tapeh, and planted in the Alborz Research Station. In full flowering stage, samples were prepared from plant flowers, leaves, stems and flowering shoots. After air-drying, the essential oil was extracted by hydro-distillation method and analyzed by GC and GC/MS. According to the obtained results, the essential oil yield of flowers, leaves, stems, and flowering shoots were calculated to be 0.06, 0.02, 0.06, and 0.06-plant dry weight. Twenty-three components were identified in the leaf essential oil whose main components were β-thujone (27.3%), cadin-4-en-7-ol (cis) (11%), caryophyllene oxide (10%) and β-eudesmol (6.7%). In the stem essential oil, 14 components were identified and Z-β-farnesene (62.4%), lavandulyl and 2-methyl butanoate (12.4%) were the two main components. The three main components identified in the flower essential oil were β-thujone (33.6%), spathulenol (20.3%) and Z-β-farnesene (9.5%). The three main components identified in the flowering shoots were β-thujone (34%), Z-β- farnesene (12.3%) and caryophyllene oxide (12.3%). The results showed that β-thujone as a main component of essential oils ranged from 3% in leaves to 34% in flowering shoots. Our results clearly showed that more essential oil yield could be obtained from the flowering shoots of Anthemis pseudocotula at full flowering stage. As well, the desired parts could be extracted to obtain higher amount of essential oil components for specific objectives.
Iranian Journal of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants Research
Research Institute of Forests and Rangelands
1735-0905
32
v.
3
no.
2016
450
458
https://ijmapr.areeo.ac.ir/article_106827_519bca86e1afd3e875a30e945d735c07.pdf
dx.doi.org/10.22092/ijmapr.2016.106827
Extraction of thebaine from Papaver bracteatum Lindl. Capsule using supercritical fluid CO2
M.
Ashrafkhorasani
Faculty of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
author
F.
Raofie
Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran, Iran
author
text
article
2016
per
Papaver bracteatum Lindl. is an Iranian native plant. Papaver bracteatum has red flowers and deep leaves; the end of leaves close to sepals is black in color. The plant has a length of 20 to 120 centimeter, growing wild in nature.The capsules of this plant contain thebaine. Thebaine can be converted to different types of painkiller in a simple reaction. In this project for the first time, thebaine was extracted from Papaver bracteatum using super critical fluid with high efficiency. The extracted thebaine was separated and identified using high performance liquid chromatography with UV detector (HPLC-UV). To optimize the extraction condition, a central composite design was used after a 2n-1 fractional factorial design. This model predicted the extraction conditions i.e. 350 atm pressure, 35◦C temperature, static and dynamic time of 10 min and 40 min, respectively, and 100µL volume of modifier (ethanol). Under optimum condition, the efficiency of extraction was predicted to be 2.96%.
Iranian Journal of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants Research
Research Institute of Forests and Rangelands
1735-0905
32
v.
3
no.
2016
459
470
https://ijmapr.areeo.ac.ir/article_106828_cc9889e16dabde3ec0fd233972fb60a8.pdf
dx.doi.org/10.22092/ijmapr.2016.106828
Effects of Teucrium polium L. essential oil on the growing of Clostridium botulinum type A identified from traditional dairy products
M.V.
Sadeghi Sarvestani
Fars Agricultural Education Center, Agricultural Research Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Shiraz, Iran
author
S.
Hosseinzadeh
Department of Food Hygiene, School of Veterinary Medicine, Shiraz University, Shiraz, Iran
author
M.
Osfoori
Fars Agricultural Education Center, Agricultural Research Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Shiraz, Iran
author
V.
Rowshan
Department of Natural Resources, Fars Agricultural and Natural Resources Research Center, Agricultural Research Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Shiraz, Iran
author
M.
Ghasemi nejad
Fars Agricultural Education Center, Agricultural Research Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Shiraz, Iran
author
M.
Eghtedari
Fars Agricultural Education Center, Agricultural Research Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Shiraz, Iran
author
text
article
2016
per
Clostridium botulinum is one of the major causes of bacterial food intoxication especially in the vacuum-packed foods and meat products. Preventing such contamination is a major concern in the food industries. The current study was aimed to investigate the presence of Clostridium botulinum type A in the traditional dairy products and the possible effects of Teucrium polium L. essential oil(leaf and /or flower) on the growing of microorganism, in vitro. Out of 160 samples of traditionally made kashk and dough, only one sample was isolated (type A) using the selective culture, while, one sample of dough (1.25%) and two cases (3.75%) of kashk were respectively found positive to type A and B of the bacteria, using multiple PCR assay. The major components of the flower extract were: α-Pinene (16.67%) and Valerianol (8.32%), and for the leaf extract: α-Pinene (14.79%), Myrcene (10.9%) and Germacrene (10.44%), were the major components. In order to evaluate the anti-microbial effects of the leaf and flower, 10 µl of each extract was employed using the disc diffusion technique. At 40 and 80 µl/ml essential oil concentrations, the diameters of the growing inhibition zones were 9 and 8 millimeters for the leaf essential oil, and 12 and 8 millimeters for flower essential oil. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of both essential oilwas 160µl/ml. The results of the present study may recommend the use of Teucrium polium L. essential oil as a natural component to reduce and/or to inhibit the growing of Clostridium botulinum, in foodstuffs.
Iranian Journal of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants Research
Research Institute of Forests and Rangelands
1735-0905
32
v.
3
no.
2016
471
482
https://ijmapr.areeo.ac.ir/article_106829_98038cf1feff6782a4d98f2091add0b0.pdf
dx.doi.org/10.22092/ijmapr.2016.106829
Investigation on the variation of essential oil composition of Zhumeria majdae Rech. f. & Wendelbo in different populations
M.A.
Soltanipoor
Ph.D. Student of Cellular and Developmental Plant Biology, Kharazmi University, Tehran, Iran
author
S.M.
Hesamzadeh Hejazi
Research Institute of Forests and Rangelands, Agricultural Research Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Tehran, Iran
author
P.
Jonoubi
Department of Plant Sciences, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Kharazmi University, Tehran, Iran
author
M.
Mirza
Research Institute of Forests and Rangelands, Agricultural Research Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Tehran, Iran
author
text
article
2016
per
Zhumeria majdae Rech. f. & Wendelbo is the medicinal, endemic, and endangered plant, distributed on very sharp slopes of mountains at an altitude of 520 to 1450 meters a.s.l in the south of Iran. This species is used in the treatment of gastrointestinal disorders like diarrhea, bloating, abdominal pain and sour stomach, heartburn, and cold. The mashed fresh leaves are used to improve headaches and wound healing. To study the variation of essential oils of individuals among different populations, the aerial parts of five individuals of Z. majdae were collected at full flowering stage from 11 habitats of Hormozgan province, and then were dried at room temperature. The essential oil was extracted by hydrodistilation method using a Clevenger-type apparatus. The chemical composition of essential oils was analyzed by GC-FID and GC-MS. Results showed that the essential oil yield varied for both different habitats and individuals. The highest and lowest essential oil yields were obtained in the Abmah (5.9%) and Sirmand area (1.9%), respectively. In addition, the highest and lowest essential oil yields were recorded for the second individual from Abmah (7.9%) and the third individual from Sirmand (0.9), respectively. Totally, twenty-five components were identified for the individuals of different habitats. The individuals of a population differed in terms of chemical compositions. Among the existing chemical components in the essential oil of 55 individuals, Linalool (42.4-71.8%), Camphor (17.2-40.9%), Nerol (0.4-5.7%), and Borneol (0.9-4.9%) showed more variation. According to the results of the analysis of chemical data with PCA software, the study individuals of different populations were classified into two groups. A number of 12 individuals, having almost similar values of Linalool and Camphor, were placed in the first group, and the others, whose values of the two major components mentioned above were far from each other, were placed in the second group.
Iranian Journal of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants Research
Research Institute of Forests and Rangelands
1735-0905
32
v.
3
no.
2016
483
500
https://ijmapr.areeo.ac.ir/article_106830_9a388dd3c3b977bffb6adce952869134.pdf
dx.doi.org/10.22092/ijmapr.2016.106830
Effects of solid lipid nanoparticle (SLN) containing Zataria multiflora Boiss. essential oil on the inhibitory growth of Alternaria solani, Rhizoctonia solani and Rhizopus Stolonifer
M.
Nasseri
Ph.D. Student of Horticulture Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran
author
Sh.
Golmohammadzadeh
Biotechnology Research Center, School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
author
H.
Aroiee
Department of Horticulture Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran
author
M.R.
Jaafari
Nanotechnology Research Center, School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
author
H.
Neamati
Department of Horticulture Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran
author
text
article
2016
per
In the present study, solid lipid nanoparticles (SLNs) were used as carriers of essential oil to overcome the problem of essential oil use (evaporation and degradation of some active components in the presence of air, light, moisture, and high temperatures) and increase the essential oil efficiency for controlling Alternaria solani, Rhizoctonia solani and Rhizopus stolonifer. This experiment was tested in vitro on PDA in Nanotechnology Research Center, School of Pharmacy, University of Medical Sciences of Mashhad and Faculty of Agriculture, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad. The study was conducted in a completely randomized design (CRD) whit three replications. Solid lipid nanoparticles containing essential oil at four concentrations of 20, 50, 100, and 200 ml per liter were applied on the potato dextrose agar medium. SLN containing Zataria multiflora Boiss. essential oil (ZM-SLN) were prepared by high shear homogenization and ultra sound method. The size of SLNs containing essential oil was less than 200 nm, and PdI and ZP were calculated to be 0.483 and -42.6 mv, respectively. The SLNs were spherical in shape. According to the obtained results, the minimum inhibitory concentration of the essential oil for all three fungi was 200 μlL-1. However, the minimum inhibitory concentration of SLN-ZM for Rh. stolonifer and R. solani was 50μlL-1, and for A. solani, it was calculated to be 100μlL-1. Our results clearly showed that SLNs could be suitable carriers for the Zataria multiflora essential oil.
Iranian Journal of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants Research
Research Institute of Forests and Rangelands
1735-0905
32
v.
3
no.
2016
501
512
https://ijmapr.areeo.ac.ir/article_106831_6af93c9324f8b8f482cb375813353b04.pdf
dx.doi.org/10.22092/ijmapr.2016.106831
Effect of water deficit stress on essential oil yield, percentage and components in Nepeta pogonosperma Jamzad
M.
Layeghhaghighi
Ph.D. student, Department of Horticultural Sciences, University of Guilan, University Campus 2, Rasht, Iran
author
M.
Hassanpour Asil
Department of Horticultural Sciences, Faculty of Agricultural Sciences, University of Guilan, Rasht, Iran
author
B.
Abbaszadeh
Research Institute of Forests and Rangelands, Agricultural Research Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Tehran, Iran
author
F.
Sefidkon
Research Institute of Forests and Rangelands, Agricultural Research Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Tehran, Iran
author
M.
Matinizadeh
Research Institute of Forests and Rangelands, Agricultural Research Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Tehran, Iran
author
text
article
2016
per
About 67 species of the genus Nepeta have been found in Iran and Nepeta pogonosperma Jamzad is endemic to Iran. In order to investigate the effect of water deficit on Nepetapogonosperma, an experiment was conducted under field conditions in 2015, at the Alborz Research Station, Research Institute of Forests and Rangelands, Karaj, Iran. The experiment was conducted in a randomized complete blocks design with three replications. Treatments consisted of three levels: 30, 60, and 90% of field capacity. Harvesting was done in full flowering stage. Essential oil was extracted by distillation for 2 hours and 30 minutes. The percentage of essential oil components was determined using GC and GC/MS. In the Nepeta pogonosperma Jamzad essential oil, 16 components were identified and the highest percentage of 15 components including α-thujene, α-pinene, sabinene, β-pinene, myrcene, α-terpinene, ρ-cymene, e-β-ocimene, γ-terpinene, terpinen-4-ol, α-terpineol, 4aα,7α,7aα-nepetalactone, 4aα,7α,7aβ-nepetalactone, E-caryophyllene and β-bisabolene was related to the control treatment. Analysis of variance revealed that water deficit significantly affected the essential oil percentage, yield, and components detected. The highest essential oil percentage with an average of 3.18% belonged to the severe stress treatment (30% FC). The highest oil yield (78.321 kg per hectare) was recorded for the moderate stress treatment (60% FC). The highest content of 1.8-cineole belonged to 30% FC. The highest total content of nepetalactone with an average of 28.2% was obtained in the control group. Our results clearly showed that severe and moderate water deficit stress could be recommended for the production of plants with high essential oil content. However, no water deficit stress is recommended to obtain high content of nepetalactone.
Iranian Journal of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants Research
Research Institute of Forests and Rangelands
1735-0905
32
v.
3
no.
2016
513
526
https://ijmapr.areeo.ac.ir/article_106832_2dd1e459d1fb2bea63f49ad31d59cd2e.pdf
dx.doi.org/10.22092/ijmapr.2016.106832
The effect of cadmium stress on seeds germination characteristics of some medicinal plants under in vitro conditions
A.
Spanany
M.Sc. Student of Seed Science and Technology, Shahrekord University, Shahrekord, Iran
author
S.
Fallah
Department of Agronomy, Shahrekord University, Shahrekord, Iran
author
text
article
2016
per
Planting date of most annual medicinal species is associated with severe irrigation competition of winter and spring crops. This competition reduces the volume of river water in downstream and consequently the concentration of heavy metals caused by industrial and municipal wastewater is increased in the river. Therefore, in order to investigate the tolerance of some spring medicinal plants to the cadmium stress of irrigation water, a factorial experiment was performed in a completely randomized design with four replications. Treatments consisted of six medicinal plants (Portulaca oleracea L., Nigella sativa, Trigonella foenum, Anethum graveolens, Carum copticum and Ocimum basilicum) and cadmium at six levels (5, 10, 15, 20, 25 and 30 mg) plus control (no cadmium). The results showed that although low concentrations of cadmium in some plants stimulated the growth of seedlings, a concentration of 30 milligrams per liter in all plants reduced the radicle and plumule length and radicle and plumule weight as well as seed vigor index. Germination percentage and rate were not substantially affected by cadmium. In this regard, fenugreek, black cumin, and dill showed the most sensitivity to cadmium toxicity. In fenugreek and ajowan plants, the plumule length was more affected by cadmium and plumule length was determined as a sensitivity index. However, for dill, purslane, basil, and black cumin plants, the radicle length was more affected and it was determine as a sensitivity index. Overall, in terms of root length, dill and basil were identified as the most sensitive and the most tolerant species to the cadmium toxicity, respectively.
Iranian Journal of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants Research
Research Institute of Forests and Rangelands
1735-0905
32
v.
3
no.
2016
527
542
https://ijmapr.areeo.ac.ir/article_106833_c89de2675c7f2e50cbfc27cf7307cbef.pdf
dx.doi.org/10.22092/ijmapr.2016.106833
Effects of salicylic acid application on yield and essential oil content of Moldavian balm (Dracocephalum moldavica L.) under drought stress conditions
T.
Izan
M.Sc., Department of Natural Resources and Watershed of Piranshahr City, Piranshahr, Iran
author
F.
Shekari
Department of Agronomy and Plant Breeding, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Maragheh, Maragheh, Iran
author
Y.
Nasiri
Department of Agronomy and Plant Breeding, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Maragheh, Maragheh, Iran
author
text
article
2016
per
Moldavian balm (Dracocephalum moldavica L.), belonging to the Lamiaceae family, is an annual and aromatic plant, which is used in traditional and modern medicine in the treatment of gastrointestinal and cardiovascular disorders. In order to evaluate the effect of salicylic acid on yield and essential oil of Moldavian balm under drought stress conditions, a field experiment was conducted as a split plot based on randomized complete blocks design with three replications at the Department of Natural Resources and Watershed of Piranshahr City in 2012. The main factor was irrigation at three levels (40, 80 and 120 mm evaporation from pan), and the sub factor was plant spraying with salicylic acid at three levels (0, 0.5 and 1 mM). Results showed that the effect of drought stress on dry yield, thousand seed weight, harvest index of flowering stem, and essential oil yield was significant. Similar results were obtained for the effect of plant spraying with salicylic acid on dry weight and essential oil yield. It should be noted that dry yield and essential oils yield were most affected by drought stress. In addition, the highest values of thousand seed weight and harvest index of flowering stem was related to the irrigation treatment of 120 mm evaporation. The present study results also showed that the interaction effect of two factors studied on essential oil percentage and essential oil harvest index was significant. In this regard, the maximum amount of essential oil and essential oil harvest index belonged to application of 1 mM salicylic acid in irrigation treatment of 120 mm evaporation from pan.
Iranian Journal of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants Research
Research Institute of Forests and Rangelands
1735-0905
32
v.
3
no.
2016
543
554
https://ijmapr.areeo.ac.ir/article_106834_67ac935739ed23fe78b567e34fb3ec0f.pdf
dx.doi.org/10.22092/ijmapr.2016.106834
Study on the contact and fumigant toxicity of Mentha longifolia L. against the confused flour beetle (Tribolium castaneum)
Z.
Shahmirzaei
Department of Plant Protection, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
author
H.
Izadi
Department of Plant Protection, Vali-e-Ar University, Rafsanjan, Iran
author
S.
Imani
Department of Plant Protection, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
author
text
article
2016
per
In recent years, plant essential oils have received a great deal of attention as pest control agents in control of storage pests.In this study, the essential oils were extracted from the horsemint, Mentha longifolia L. leaves through hydrodistillation. The essential oil was evaluated for contact and fumigant toxicity against 1-7 day-old adults of the confused flour beetle (T. castaneum). The probit analysis of data demonstrated that fumigant toxicity of Mentha longifoliaoil on T. castaneum (LC50=0.872 μL/cm2) was significantly more than contact toxicity (LC50=27.11 μL/cm2). The results showed high fumigant toxicity of the essential oils against adults of the confused flour beetle.
Iranian Journal of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants Research
Research Institute of Forests and Rangelands
1735-0905
32
v.
3
no.
2016
555
559
https://ijmapr.areeo.ac.ir/article_106835_e783b416e6affb3e6c363030d4bec7db.pdf
dx.doi.org/10.22092/ijmapr.2016.106835